CHAPTER 10: ANSWERS TO ASSIGNED PROBLEMS

Hauser- General Chemistry I

revised 8/03/08
10.19 The typical atmospheric pressure on top of Mt. Everest (29028 ft) is about 265
torr. Convert this pressure to
(a) atm

265 torr ( 1 atm / 760 torr) = 0.349 atm

(b) mm Hg

265 torr ( 760 mm Hg / 760 torr) = 265 mm Hg

10.39 A scuba divers tank contains 0.29 kg of O2 compressed into a volume of 2.3 L.
(a) Calculate the gas pressure inside the tank at 9 C.
PV = nRT so P = nRT / V
convert 0.29 kg to 290 g O2
convert 9 C to K [9 C + 273.15 = 282.15 K ] (do not pre-round)
290 g O2 ( 1 mol O2 / 32.00 g ) (0.0821 L atm / mol K) (282.15 K)
P = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 91 atm
2.3 L
( 2 SF)
10.41 Chlorine is widely used to purify municipal water supplies and to treat swimming
pool waters. Suppose that the volume of particular sample of Cl2 gas is 8.70 L at 895 torr
and 24 C.
(a) How many grams of Cl2 are in the sample?
Need to solve for moles to get grams.
PV = nRT so n = PV / RT
convert 24 C to K [24 C + 273.15 = 297.15 K ] (do not pre-round)
convert 895 torr to atm since R demands it
n=

[ (895 torr) ( 1 atm / 760 torr) ] ( 8.70 L)

--------------------------------------------------- = 0.41996 mol Cl2
(0.0821 L atm / mol K) (297.15 K)
0.41996 mol Cl2 ( 70.90 g / 1 mol Cl2 ) = 29.775 g = 29.8 g Cl2

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE #10

An ideal gas originally at 0.85 atm and 66 C was allowed to expand until its final
conditions were a volume of 94 mL, pressure of 0.60 atm, and temperature of
45 C. What was the initial volume of the gas?
T1 = 66 C + 273.15 = 339.15 K
T2 = 45 C + 273.15 = 318.15 K
P1V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2
Solve for V1
V1 = P2V2 T1 / T2 P1
V1 =

( 0.60 atm) (94 mL) ( 339.15 K)

--------------------------------------- = 70.732 mL = 71 mL
( 318.15 K) (0.85 atm)

10.45

Which gas is most dense at 1.00 atm and 298 K? CO2, N2O, or Cl2? Explain.

GAS DENSITY IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MOLECULAR WEIGHT. NO

CALC. NECESSARY SINCE CONDITIONS ARE CONSTANT. MOST DENSE
GAS OF THESE THREE IS Cl2.
Cl2 = 70.90 g/mol

N2O = 44.02 g/ mol CO2 = 44.01 g/mol

10.49 (a) Calculate the density of NO2 gas at 0.970 atm and 35 C.
Convert temp: 35 C + 273.15 = 308.15 K (really 3 SF)
USE: d = Mm P / R T
Mm NO2 = 46.01 g / mol
d = (46.01 g / mol )( 0.970 atm ) / (0.0821 L atm / mol K) (308.15 K) = 1.7640 =
1.76 g/L (3 SF)
(b) Calculate the molar mass of a gas if 2.50 g occupies 0.875 L at 685 torr and 35 C.
d = Mm P / R T so Mm = d R T / P
( 2.50 g / 0.875 L) (0.0821 L atm/ K mol) ( 308.15 K)
Mm = ------------------------------------------------------------------ = 80.197 = 80.2 g/mol
( 685 torr ) ( 1 atm / 760 torr)

10.55 The metabolic oxidation of glucose, C6H12O6, in our bodies produces CO2, which
is expelled from our lungs as a gas:
C6H12O6 (aq) + O2 (g) 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)
Calculate the volume of dry CO2 produced at body temperature (37 C) and 0.970
atm when 24.5 g of glucose is consumed in this reaction.
PV = nRT so V = nRT / P
Need moles of glucose converted to moles of the product gas (CO2).
USE STOICHIOMETRY:
molecular weight calc:
C 6 X 12.01 =
72.06
H X 12 X 1.01=
12.12
O 6 X 16.00 =
96.00
sum = 180.18
24.5 g C6H12O6 ( 1 mol C6H12O6 / 180.18 g) ( 6 mol CO2 / 1 mol C6H12O6) =
0.81580 mol CO2 gas.
Convert temp: 37 C + 273.15 = 310.15 K
V=

(0.81580 mol) (0.0821 L atm / mol K) (310.15 K)

------------------------------------------------------------- = 21.415 = 21.4 L CO2
0.970 atm

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE #11

Based on the following balanced equation, what volume of oxygen gas would be
expected from complete reaction of 27.8 grams of KCLO3 at STP ?
2 KCLO3 (s) 2 KCL (s) + 3 O2 (g)
27.8 g KClO3 (1 mol KClO3 / 122.55 g KClO3) ( 3 mol O2 / 2 mol KClO3)
( 22.4 L / 1 mol O2 gas at STP) = 7.62203 = 7.62 L O2 gas
(1 MOLE OF ANY GAS @ STP HAS 22.4 L VOLUME.)
10.65 A mixture of gases contains 0.75 mol N2, 0.30 mol O2, and 0.15 mol CO2. If the
total pressure of the mixture is 1.56 atm, what is the partial pressure of each component?
DALTON'S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES: P total = P gas 1 + P gas 2 + P
APPROACH: Sum the moles and find the percentage due to each gas.
0.75 mol N2 / 1.20 mol (X 100%) = 62.5% of 1.56 atm = 0.975 = 0.98 atm N2
0.30 mol O2 / 1.20 mol (X 100%) = 25.0% of 1.56 atm = 0.390 = 0.39 atm O2
0.15 mol CO2 / 1.20 mol (X 100%) = 12.5% of 1.56 atm = 0.195 = 0.20 atm CO2
[sum = 1.20 mol]
[P total = ~1.57 atm]

10.79 Hydrogen has two naturally occurring isotopes, 1H and 2H. Chlorine also has two
naturally occurring isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. Thus, hydrogen chloride gas consists of four
distinct types of molecules: 1H35Cl, 1H37Cl, 2H35Cl, and 2H37Cl. Place these four
molecules in order of increasing rate of effusion.
THE RATE OF EFFUSION IS INDIRECTLY RELATED TO MOLECULAR
WEIGHT. THE LIGHTER THE PARTICLE, THE FASTER IT EFFUSES.
2

slowest to fastest
H Cl < 1H37Cl < 2H35Cl < 1H35Cl
37

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE #12

Compare the relative rate of effusion of a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of
xenon. Which gas travels faster? How much faster?
GRAHAM'S LAW OF EFFUSION
rate gas 1
------------ =
rate gas 2

square root of

MW gas 2
------------MW gas 1

rate of O2
MW Xe
------------ = square root of ------------ =
rate of Xe
MW O2

131.29 g/mol
---------------- = square root of 4.1028 =
32.00 g /mol

ANSWER = 2.0255 = 2.026

INTERPRET: THE OXYGEN EFFUSES 2.026 TIMES FASTER THAN XENON.
MAKES SENSE: THE LIGHTER GAS ALWAYS TRAVELS FASTER.
Notes: Use O2, not O. Reported 4 SF based on molecular weights here, but no
obvious SF rule to follow here since all "exact" numbers.
10.83 (a) List two experimental conditions under which gases deviate from ideal
behavior.
VERY HIGH PRESSURE and/or
VERY LOW TEMPERATURE
(b) List two reasons why the gases deviate from ideal behavior.
DIFFERENT GAS MOLECULES HAVE DIFFERENT VOLUMES AND
DIFFERENT ATTRACTIVE FORCES. THESE COULD CAUSE NON-IDEAL
BEHAVIOR UNDER THE EXTREME CONDITIONS LISTED ABOVE.