Topic 17.

1 Equilibrium Law
1.

0.50 mol of I2(g) and 0.50 mol of Br2(g) are placed in a closed flask. The following equilibrium
is established.
I2(g) + Br2(g)

IBr(g)

The equilibrium mixture contains 0.80 mol of IBr(g). What is the value of Kc?
A.

0.64

B.

1.3

C.

2.6

D.

64
(Total 1 mark)

2.

For the reaction below:

H2(g) + I2(g)

2HI(g)
3

at a certain temperature, the equilibrium concentrations, in mol dm , are

[H2(g)] = 0.30, [I2(g)] = 0.30, [HI(g)] = 3.0
What is the value of Kc?
A.

1.010

B.

10

C.

33

D.

1.010

(Total 1 mark)

3.

Consider the following equilibrium reaction.

Cl2(g) + SO2(g)

SO2Cl2(g)

H = 84.5 kJ

In a 1.00 dm closed container, at 375 C, 8.60 10 mol of SO2 and 8.60 10 mol of Cl2
4

were introduced. At equilibrium, 7.65 10 mol of SO2Cl2 was formed.

(i)

Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for the reaction.

(1)

(ii)

Determine the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc.

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(3)

(iii)

If the temperature of the reaction is changed to 300 C, predict, stating a reason in each
case, whether the equilibrium concentration of SO2Cl2 and the value of Kc will increase
or decrease.
(3)

(iv)

If the volume of the container is changed to 1.50 dm , predict, stating a reason in each
case, how this will affect the equilibrium concentration of SO 2Cl2 and the value of Kc.
(3)

(v)

Suggest, stating a reason, how the addition of a catalyst at constant pressure and
temperature will affect the equilibrium concentration of SO 2Cl2.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

4.

(a)

The production of ammonia is an important industrial process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g)

(i)

2NH3(g)

Using the average bond enthalpy values in Table 10 of the Data Booklet, determine
the standard enthalpy change for this reaction.
(3)

(ii)

The standard entropy values, S, at 298 K for N2(g), H2(g) and NH3(g) are 193, 131
1

and 192 JK mol respectively. Calculate S for the reaction and with reference
O
to the equation above, explain the sign of S .
(4)

(iii)

Calculate G for the reaction at 298 K.

(1)

(iv)

Describe and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the spontaneity of the
reaction.
(2)

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(b)

The reaction used in the production of ammonia is an equilibrium reaction. Outline the
characteristics of a system at equilibrium.
(2)

(c)

Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for the production of ammonia.
(1)

(d)

(i)

0.20 mol of N2(g) and 0.20 mol of H2(g) were allowed to reach equilibrium in a
3

1 dm closed container. At equilibrium the concentration of NH3(g) was

3

0.060 mol dm . Determine the equilibrium concentrations of N2(g) and H2(g) and
calculate the value of Kc.
(3)

(ii)

Predict and explain how increasing the temperature will affect the value of Kc.
(2)

(e)

Describe how increasing the pressure affects the yield of ammonia.

(2)

(f)

In practice, typical conditions used in the Haber process are a temperature of 500 C and
a pressure of 200 atmospheres. Outline why these conditions are used rather than those
that give the highest yield.
(2)

(g)

A catalyst of iron is used in the Haber process. State and explain how the catalyst affects
Kc and the position of equilibrium.
(3)
(Total 25 marks)

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