Reserve Bank of India

The old RBI Building in Mumbai

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI, Hindi:

) is Indias central banking institution, which controls
the monetary policy of the Indian rupee. It commenced
its operations on 1 April 1935 during the British Rule in
accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of Reserve Bank of India-10 Rupees (1938), rst year of banknote
India Act, 1934.[5] The original share capital was divided issue.
into shares of 100 each fully paid, which were initially
owned entirely by private shareholders.[6] Following Indias independence on 15 August 1947, the RBI was na- 1.1 19351950
tionalised on 1 January 1949.
The Reserve Bank of India was founded on 1 April 1935
The RBI plays an important part in the Development to respond to economic troubles after the First World
Strategy of the Government of India. It is a member War.[8] The Reserve Bank of India was conceptualized
bank of the Asian Clearing Union. The general super- based on the guidelines presented by the Central Legintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the islative Assembly passed these guidelines as the RBI Act
21-member Central Board of Directors: the Governor, 1934.[9] RBI was conceptualized as per the guidelines,
4 Deputy Governors, 2 Finance Ministry representa- working style and outlook presented by Dr B R Ambedtives, 10 government-nominated directors to represent kar in his book. It was titled The Problem of the Rupee
important elements from Indias economy, and 4 direc- Its origin and its solution and presented to the Hilton
tors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai, Young Commission. The bank was set up based on the
Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi. Each of these local recommendations of the 1926 Royal Commission on Inboards consists of 5 members who represent regional in- dian Currency and Finance, also known as the Hilton
terests, and the interests of co-operative and indigenous Young Commission.[10] The original choice for the seal of
banks.
RBI was The East India Company Double Mohur, with
The bank is also active in promoting nancial inclusion the sketch of the Lion and Palm Tree. However it was
policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Finan- decided to replace the lion with the tiger, the national
animal of India. The Preamble of the RBI describes its
cial Inclusion (AFI).
[7] basic functions to regulate the issue of bank notes, keep
The bank is often referred to by the name Mint Street.
reserves to secure monetary stability in India, and generally to operate the currency and credit system in the
best interests of the country.[11] The Central Oce of the
RBI was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata), but was
1 History
moved to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1937. The RBI also
acted as Burmas central bank, except during the years
1

of the Japanese occupation of Burma (194245), until

April 1947, even though Burma seceded from the Indian
Union in 1937. After the Partition of India in 1947, the
bank served as the central bank for Pakistan until June
1948 when the State Bank of Pakistan commenced operations. Though set up as a shareholders bank, the RBI
has been fully owned by the Government of India since
its nationalization in 1949.[12]

1.2

19501960

1.5 19851991
A lot of committees analysed the Indian economy between 1985 and 1991. Their results had an eect on the
RBI. The Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction, the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research
and the Security & Exchange Board of India investigated
the national economy as a whole, and the security and
exchange board proposed better methods for more effective markets and the protection of investor interests.
The Indian nancial market was a leading example for socalled nancial repression (Mackinnon and Shaw).[20]
The Discount and Finance House of India began its operations on the monetary market in April 1988; the National
Housing Bank, founded in July 1988, was forced to invest
in the property market and a new nancial law improved
the versatility of direct deposit by more security measures
and liberalisation.[21]

In the 1950s, the Indian government, under its rst Prime

Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, developed a centrally planned
economic policy that focused on the agricultural sector.
The administration nationalized commercial banks[13]
and established, based on the Banking Companies Act
of 1949 (later called the Banking Regulation Act), a central bank regulation as part of the RBI. Furthermore, the
central bank was ordered to support economic plan with
loans.[14]
1.6

1.3

19601969

As a result of bank crashes, the RBI was requested to establish and monitor a deposit insurance system. It should
restore the trust in the national bank system and was initialized on 7 December 1961. The Indian government
found funds to promote the economy and used the slogan
Developing Banking. The government of India restructured the national bank market and nationalized a lot of
institutes. As a result, the RBI had to play the central part
of control and support of this public banking sector.

HISTORY

19912000

The national economy came down in July 1991 and the

Indian rupee was devalued.[22] The currency lost 18% relative to the US dollar, and the Narsimham Committee advised restructuring the nancial sector by a temporal reduced reserve ratio as well as the statutory liquidity ratio. New guidelines were published in 1993 to establish
a private banking sector. This turning point should reinforce the market and was often called neo-liberal.[23]
The central bank deregulated bank interests and some
sectors of the nancial market like the trust and property
markets.[24] This rst phase was a success and the central
government forced a diversity liberalisation to diversify
owner structures in 1998.[25]

The National Stock Exchange of India took the trade on

in June 1994 and the RBI allowed nationalized banks
in July to interact with the capital market to reinforce
1.4 19691985
their capital base. The central bank founded a subIn 1969, the Indira Gandhi-headed government nation- sidiary companythe Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mualized 14 major commercial banks. Upon Gandhis re- dran Private Limitedon 3 February 1995 to produce
[26]
turn to in 1980, a further six banks were nationalized.[10] banknotes.
The regulation of the economy and especially the nancial sector was reinforced by the Government of India in
the 1970s and 1980s.[15] The central bank became the
central player and increased its policies for a lot of tasks 1.7 Since 2000
like interests, reserve ratio and visible deposits.[16] These
measures aimed at better economic development and had The Foreign Exchange Management Act from 1999 came
a huge eect on the company policy of the institutes. The into force in June 2000. It should improve the item in
banks lent money in selected sectors, like agri-business 20042005 (National Electronic Fund Transfer).[27] The
and small trade companies.[17]
Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Ltd., a
was founded in 2006 and proThe branch was forced to establish two new oces in the merger of nine institutions, [28]
duces
banknotes
and
coins.
[18]
country for every newly established oce in a town.
The oil crises in 1973 resulted in increasing ination, The national economys growth rate came down to 5.8%
and the RBI restricted monetary policy to reduce the in the last quarter of 20082009[29] and the central bank
promotes the economic development.[30]
eects.[19]

Structure of RBI

RBI runs a monetary museum in Mumbai

The Central Board of Directors is the main committee

of the Central Bank. The Government of India appoints
the directors for a 4-year term. The Board consists of a
Governor, and not more than 4 Deputy Governors, 4[31]
Directors to represent the regional boards, 2 from the
Ministry of Finance and 10 other directors from vari- RBI Headquarters in Mumbai
ous elds. RBI wants to create a post of Chief Operating
Ocer (COO) and re-allocate work between the ve of
them(4 Deputy Governor and COO).[32][33]
The Reserve Bank of India has four regional represenThe bank is headed by the Governor and the post is tations: North in New Delhi, South in Chennai, East in
currently held by economist Urijit Patel. There are 4 Kolkata and West in Mumbai. The representations are
Deputy Governors,R Gandhi]], S S Mundra and N S formed by ve members, appointed for four years by
Vishwanathan.[34] Two of the four Deputy Governors the central government and servebeside the advice of
are traditionally from RBI ranks, and are selected from the Central Board of Directorsas a forum for regional
the Banks Executive Directors. One is nominated from banks and to deal with delegated tasks from the central
among the Chairpersons of public sector banks and the board.[37]
other is an economist. An Indian Administrative Service
The bank has also two training colleges for its ocers,
ocer can also be appointed as Deputy Governor of RBI
viz. Reserve Bank Sta College, Chennai and College of
and later as the Governor of RBI as with the case of Y.
Agricultural Banking, Pune. There are three autonomous
Venugopal Reddy. Other persons forming part of the ceninstitutions run by RBI namely National Institute of
tral board of directors of the RBI are Dr. Nachiket Mor,
Bank Management (NIBM), Indira Gandhi Institute of
Y C Deveshwar, Prof Damodar Acharya, Ajay Tyagi and
Development Research (IGIDR), Institute for DevelopAnjuly Duggal.
ment and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT).[38]
There are also four Zonal Training Centres at Mumbai,
Chennai, Kolkata and New Delhi.

Branches and support bodies

The Reserve Bank of India has four zonal oces at

Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai.[35] It has 19 regional oces and 10 sub-oces. Regional oces are located in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,
Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad,
Jaipur, Jammu, Kanpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow,
Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna and Thiruvananthapuram. It
also has 9 sub-oces located in Agartala, Dehradun,
Gangtok, Panaji, Raipur, Ranchi, Shillong, Shimla and
Srinagar. Recently the RBI has opened two more suboces at Aizawal and Imphal.[36]

The Board of Financial Supervision (BFS), formed in

November 1994, serves as a CCBD committee to control the nancial institutions. It has four members, appointed for two years, and takes measures to strength
the role of statutory auditors in the nancial sector, external monitoring and internal controlling systems. The
Tarapore committee was set up by the Reserve Bank of
India under the chairmanship of former RBI deputy governor S.S.Tarapore to lay the road map to capital account convertibility. The ve-member committee recommended a three-year time frame for complete convertibility by 19992000. On 1 July 2007, in an attempt to
enhance the quality of customer service and strengthen

4 MAIN FUNCTIONS

the grievance redressal mechanism, the Reserve Bank of

India created a new customer service department.

Main functions

Main article: Reserve Bank Of India: Working and Functions

The regional oce of RBI (in sandstone)in front of GPO(in

white) at Dalhousie Square, Kolkata.

is chaired by the Governor. The Deputy Governors of the

Reserve Bank are ex-ocio members. One Deputy Governor, usually, the Deputy Governor in charge of banking regulation and supervision, is nominated as the ViceChairman of the Board. The Board is required to meet
normally once every month. It considers inspection reports and other supervisory issues placed before it by the
supervisory departments.
Reserve Bank of India regional oce, Delhi entrance with the
Yakshini sculpture depicting Prosperity through agriculture.[39]

BFS through the Audit Sub-Committee also aims at upgrading the quality of the statutory audit and internal
audit functions in banks and nancial institutions. The
audit sub-committee includes Deputy Governor as the
chairman and two Directors of the Central Board as
members. The BFS oversees the functioning of Department of Banking Supervision (DBS), Department of
Non-Banking Supervision (DNBS) and Financial Institutions Division (FID) and gives directions on the regulatory and supervisory issues..

4.2 Regulator and supervisor of the nancial system

The institution is also the regulator and supervisor of
the nancial system and prescribes broad parameters of
banking operations within which the countrys banking
and nancial system functions. Its objectives are to mainThe RBI Regional Oce in Delhi.
tain public condence in the system, protect depositors
interest and provide cost-eective banking services to the
public. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme has been formulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for eective
4.1 Financial Supervision
addressing of complaints by bank customers. The RBI
controls the monetary supply, monitors economic indicaThe Reserve in November 1994 as a committee of the tors like the gross domestic product and has to decide the
Central Board of Directors of the Reserve Bank of India. design of the rupee banknotes as well as coins.[40]
Primary objective of BFS is to undertake consolidated
supervision of the nancial sector comprising commercial banks, nancial institutions and non-banking nance 4.3 Managerial of exchange control
companies.
The Board is constituted by co-opting four Directors from The central bank manages to reach dierent goals of the
the Central Board as members for a term of two years and Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Objective:

5
to facilitate external trade and payment and promote or- cial banks and take action against it if need arises. The
derly development and maintenance of foreign exchange RBI also advices the banks on various matters for exammarket in India
ple Corporate Social Responsibility

4.4

Issue of currency

The bank issues and exchanges currency notes and coins

and destroys the same when they are not t for circulation.
The objectives are to issue bank notes and giving public
adequate supply of the same, to maintain the currency and
credit system of the country to utilize it in its best advantage, and to maintain the reserves. RBI maintains the economic structure of the country so that it can achieve the
objective of price stability as well as economic development, because both objectives are diverse in themselves.
For printing of notes, the Security Printing and Minting
Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL), a wholly owned
company of the Government of India, has set up printing presses at Nashik, Maharashtra and Dewas, Madhya
Pradesh. The Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL), a wholly owned subsidiary
of the Reserve Bank, also has set up printing presses at
Mysuru in Karnataka and Salboni in West Bengal. In
all, there are four printing presses.[41] And for minting of
notes, SPMCIL has four mints at Mumbai, Noida (UP),
Kolkata and Hyderabad for coin production.[41]

4.5

Bankers bank

5 Detection of fake currency

In order to curb the fake currency menace, RBI has
launched a website to raise awareness among masses
about fake notes in the market.www.paisaboltahai.
rbi.org.in provides information about identifying fake
currency.[43]
On 22 January 2014; RBI gave a press release stating that
after 31 March 2014, it will completely withdraw from
circulation all banknotes issued prior to 2005. From 1
April 2014, the public will be required to approach banks
for exchanging these notes. Banks will provide exchange
facility for these notes until further communication. The
Reserve Bank has also claried that the notes issued before 2005 will continue to be legal tender. This would
mean that banks are required to exchange the notes for
their customers as well as for non-customers. From 1
July 2014, however, to exchange more than 10 pieces
of `500 and `1000 notes, non-customers will have to furnish proof of identity and residence to the bank branch in
which she/he wants to exchange the notes.
This move from the Reserve Bank is expected to unearth
black money held in cash. As the new currency notes have
added security features, they would help in curbing the
menace of fake currency.[44]

5.1 Developmental role

The central bank has to perform a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives and
industries.[14] The RBI faces a lot of inter-sectoral and
local ination-related problems. Some of these problems
are results of the dominant part of the public sector.[45]
Nagpur branch holds most of Indias gold deposits

RBI also works as a central bank where commercial banks

are account holders and can deposit money. RBI maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.[42] Commercial banks create credit. It is the duty of the RBI to
control the credit through the CRR, bank rate and open
market operations. As bankers bank, the RBI facilitates
the clearing of cheques between the commercial banks
and helps inter-bank transfer of funds. It can grant nancial accommodation to schedule banks. It acts as the
lender of the last resort by providing emergency advances
to the banks. It supervises the functioning of the commer-

5.2 Related functions

The RBI is also a banker to the government and performs
merchant banking function for the central and the state
governments. It also acts as their banker. The National
Housing Bank (NHB) was established in 1988 to promote
private real estate acquisition.[46] The institution maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks, too. RBI
on 7 August 2012 said that Indian banking system is resilient enough to face the stress caused by the drought like
situation because of poor monsoon this year.[47]

6
6.1

9 FURTHER READING

Policy rates and reserve ratios

Bank rate

can make to the commercial and industrial sectors. In

the open money market, government securities are traded
at market-related rates of interest. The RBI is resorting
more to open market operations in the more recent years.
Generally RBI uses

RBI lends to the commercial banks through its discount

window to help the banks meet depositors demands and
1. Minimum margins for lending against specic secureserve requirements for long term. The interest rate the
rities.
RBI charges the banks for this purpose is called bank rate
or repo rate. If the RBI wants to increase the liquidity and
2. Ceiling on the amounts of credit for certain purmoney supply in the market, it will decrease the bank rate
poses.
and if RBI wants to reduce the liquidity and money supply
3. Discriminatory rate of interest charged on certain
in the system, it will increase the bank rate. The bank rate
types of advances.
has lost its signicance as a monetary policy tool as the
central bank signals stance through changes in repo, the
rate at which banks borrow short-term funds from RBI. Direct credit controls in India are of three types:
The bank rate, which is the standard rate at which the RBI
1. Part of the interest rate structure, i.e., on small savbuys or re-discount bills of exchange or other commercial
ings and provident funds, are administratively set.
paper, is presently used in the country.
2. Banks are mandatory required to keep 21.50% of
their deposits in the form of government securities.

6.2

Reserve requirement cash reserve ratio

(CRR)

Every commercial bank has to keep certain minimum

cash reserves with Reserve Bank of India. Consequent upon amendment to sub-Section 42(1), the Reserve
Bank, having regard to the needs of securing the monetary stability in the country, RBI can prescribe Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) for scheduled banks without any oor
rate or ceiling rate. Before the enactment of this amendment, in terms of Section 42(1) of the RBI Act, the Reserve Bank could prescribe CRR for scheduled banks between 3% and 20[48] % of total of their demand and time
liabilities. RBI uses this tool to increase or decrease the
reserve requirement depending on whether it wants to effect a decrease or an increase in the money supply. An increase in Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) will make it mandatory on the part of the banks to hold a large proportion of
their deposits in the form of deposits with the RBI. This
will reduce the size of their deposits and they will lend
less. This will in turn decrease the money supply.

6.3

Statutory liquidity ratio (SLR)

Apart from the CRR, banks are required to maintain liquid assets in the form of gold, cash and approved securities. Higher liquidity ratio forces commercial banks to
maintain a larger proportion of their resources in liquid
form and thus reduces their capacity to grant loans and
advances, thus it is an anti-inationary impact. A higher
liquidity ratio diverts the bank funds from loans and advances to investment in government and approved securities. In well-developed economies, central banks use
open market operationsbuying and selling of eligible
securities by central bank in the money marketto inuence the volume of cash reserves with commercial banks
and thus inuence the volume of loans and advances they

3. Banks are required to lend to the priority sectors to

the extent of 40% of their advances.

7 Publications
A report titled Trend and Progress of Banking In India
is published annually, as required by the Banking Regulation Act of 1949. The report sums up trends and developments throughout the nancial sector.[49] Starting in
April 2014, the Reserve Bank of India is sending out bimonthly policy updates.[50] This can also be used by the
public for its intresets. this report has all the information related to the functions, services provided, and its
branches.

8 Recruitment
Reserve Bank of India conducts selection for recruitment
of ocers in Grade-B (Direct Recruitment). Under the
scheme of selection the examination is computer based
(Objective type with Multiple Choice Question pattern)
and consists of two phases, viz., Phase-I and Phase-II, followed by Interview.[51] From Batch Year-2016, in PhaseII online examination the Paper-III will consist of only
one subject i.e. Finance and Management (The other
optional subjects viz. Economics and Statistics have
been withdrawn).[52]

9 Further reading
S. L. N. Simha. History of the Reserve Bank of India, Volume 1: 19351951. RBI. 1970. ISBN 817596-247-X. (2005 reprint PDF)

7
G. Balachandran. The Reserve Bank of India, 1951
1967. Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-19564468-9. (PDF)
A. Vasudevan et al. The Reserve Bank of India, Volume 3: 19671981. RBI. 2005. ISBN 81-7596299-2. (PDF)
Cecil Kisch: Review The Monetary Policy of the Reserve Bank of India by K. N. Raj. In: The Economic
Journal. Vol. 59, No. 235 (Sep., 1949), pp. 436
438.
Findlay G. Shirras: The Reserve Bank of India. In
The Economic Journal. Vol. 44, No. 174 (Jun.,
1934), pp. 258274.
Narenda Jadhav, Partha Ray, Dhritidyuti Bose, Indranil Sen Gupta: The Reserve Bank of Indias Balance Sheet: Analytics and Dynamics of Evolution,
November 2004.

10

References

[12] History. RBI. 1935-04-01. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

[13] Beth Anne Wilson und Georey N. Keim: India and
Global Economy in Business Economics, January 2006,
S.29.
[14] Narenda Jadhav, Partha Ray, Dhritidyuti Bose, Indranil
Sen Gupta: The Reserve Bank of Indias Balance Sheet:
Analytics and Dynamics of Evolution, November 2004,
S.. 16.
[15] Ananya Mukherjee Reed: Corporate Governance Reforms in India in Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 37,
Number 3 / May, 2002, p. 253.
[16] Sunil Kumar, Rachita Gulati: Did eciency of Indian
public sector banks converge with banking reforms? in Int
Rev Econ (2009) 56:4784, p. 47-48.
[17] Panicos O. Demetriades, Kul B. Luintel: Financial Development, Economic Growth and Banking Sector Controls:
Evidence from India. in The Economic Journal. Vol. 106,
No. 435 (March 1996), pp. 359374, p. 360.
[18] Alpana Killawala: History of The Reserve Bank of India Summary, Reserve Bank of India Press Release,
18.03.2006 (RBI)

[1] .
BS
Reporter
http://www. [19]
business-standard.com/article/finance/
forex-reserves-fall-by-3-43-bn-to-351-92-bn-115090400865_
1.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
[2] Reserve Bank of India. Rbi.org.in (2005-02-07). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
[3] Reserve Bank of India - Indias Central Bank. Rbi.org.in.
[4] Reserve Bank of India - Indias Central Bank. rbi.org.in.
[5] Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (PDF). p. 115. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
[6] RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ACT, 1934 (As modied
up to 27 February 2009)" (PDF). Reserve Bank of India
(RBI). Retrieved 20 November 2010.
[7] Srinivas, Yanamandra (2014-12-01). Minsky, Monetary
Policy and Mint Street: Challenges for the Art of Monetary Policymaking in Emerging Economies. Levy Economics Institute Working Paper Collection. Social Science
Research Network.
[8] Cecil Kisch: Review The Monetary Policy of Reserve
Bank of India by Rohit. In: The Economic Journal. Vol.
59, No. 235 (Sep., 1949), PP. 436438, p. 436.It began
according to the guidelines laid down by Dr. B R Ambedkar.

Narenda Jadhav, Partha Ray, Dhritidyuti Bose, Indranil

Sen Gupta: The Reserve Bank of Indias Balance Sheet:
Analytics and Dynamics of Evolution, November 2004, S.
40.

[20] Sunil Kumar, Rachita Gulati: Did eciency of Indian

public sector banks converge with banking reforms? in Int
Rev Econ (2009) 56:4784, p. 48.
[21] Chronology of Events, Developing the Markets: Seeds of
Liberalization- 1985 to 1991 (RBI)
[22] Amal Kanti Ray: Indias Social Development in a Decade
of Reforms: 199091/19992000 in Social Indicators Research, Volume 87, Number 3 / July, 2008, p. 410.
[23] Ananya Mukherjee Reed: Corporate Governance Reforms in India in Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 37,
Number 3 / May, 2002, p. 257.
[24] Raghbendra Jha, Ibotombi S. Longjam: Structure of nancial savings during Indian economic reforms in Empirical Economics (2006) 31:861869, p.862.
[25] Sunil Kumar, Rachita Gulati: Did eciency of Indian
public sector banks converge with banking reforms? in Int
Rev Econ (2009) 56:4784, p. 49,
[26] Chronology of Events, Crisis and Reforms- 1991 to 2000
(RBI)

[9] Mukherjee, Pranab, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Lecture 2014 on vision of India in 21st century, as envisaged
by Dr. Ambedkar,pib.nic.in

[27] RBI History Spanning 7 Decades of Public Service.

Rbidocs.rbi.org.in. 1935-04-01. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

[10] "Reserve Bank of India: Platinum Jubilee (PDF)".

RBI.org.in. 2010. Retrieved on 15 April 2012.

[28] Security Printing &Minting Corporation of India, About

Us (SPMCIL)

[11] Kolekar, Yogesh Prasad, The Reserve Bank of India and

its functions,legalservicesindia.com

[29] Second Quarter Review of Monetary Policy for the Year

200910, Punkt 15., (RBI)

[30] Macroeconomic and Monetary Developments Second

Quarter Review 200910, S.94, (RBI)
[31] Reserve Bank of India - Indias Central Bank. Rbi.org.in.
Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
[32] RBI proposes COO post in rank of Deputy Governor.
intoday.in.
[33] RBI Proposes COO Post in Rank of Deputy Governor.
ndtv.com.
[34] NS Vishwanathan appointed as Deputy Governor of
RBI. indianexpress.com. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
[35] Reserve Bank of India. Rbi.org.in. Retrieved 2011-0916.
[36] Reserve Bank of India - Press Releases. rbi.org.in. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
[37] About us, Organisation and Functions. RBI. Retrieved
2010-08-20.
[38] RBI institutions.
[39] History of Reserve Bank. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
[40] RBI, Frequently Asked Questions, Currency Matters
(RBI)
[41] RBI, Right To Information Doc, Pg 29/30
[42] Reserve Bank of India - Indias Central Bank. rbi.org.in.
[43] RBI launches website to explain detection of fake currency. Times of India. 8 July 2012.
[44] Reserve Bank of India. rbi.org.in.
[45] Samarjit Das, Kaushik Bhattacharya: Price convergence
across regions in India in Empirical Economics (2008)
34:299313, S. 312.
[46] Alpana Sivam, Sadasivam Karuppannan: Role of state and
market in housing delivery for low-income groups in India
in Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 17: 69
88, 2002, S.85.
[47] Indian banks can weather impact of drought: RBI. 0708-2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
[48] https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.
aspx?prid=16166
[49] C. R. L. Narasimhan (2 December 2013). NPA reduction, a key issue. The Hindu. Retrieved 2 December
2013.
[50] Maintaining the status quo. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 6
April 2014.
[51] Recruitment of Ocers in Grade 'B' (General) - DR
Batch Year 2015. Reserve Bank of India.
[52] Revised process of recruitment of Ocers in Grade-'B'(DR)". Reserve Bank of India.

11

11 External links
Ocial website
Template:Latest RBI Jobs

EXTERNAL LINKS

12
12.1

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Shyamsunder, Minna Sora no Shita, SpyMagician, Ckatz, Noah Salzman, Deepak D'Souza, Dl2000, Spartian, Joseph Solis in Australia, Pathosbot, Timtrent, Rahulswarnkar, Jac16888, Cydebot, Otto4711, DumbBOT, Monster eagle, AroundTheGlobe, PKT, Thijs!bot,
Epbr123, Sagaciousuk, Ateeshkropha, James086, Scintillatingstus, P.K.Niyogi, Jayron32, Johnian144, IndianGeneralist, Unsolicited,
Leuko, Akanksha arora, MER-C, Dsp13, Inks.LWC, KuwarOnline, PhilKnight, Magioladitis, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, J-A-V-A, Maheshkumaryadav, Faizhaider, Sodabottle, Richardneish, Allstarecho, Dharmadhyaksha, Hbent, Kayau, S3000, Jackson Peebles, Fconaway,
Subbiahyadalam, Ian.thomson, Maproom, Jvk 1984, Madhava 1947, MetsFan76, KylieTastic, Karthikemuthu, Balajijagadesh, Arunpwahi,
VolkovBot, CSumit, TXiKiBoT, Oshwah, Moogwrench, Parker007, Naveenpf, SueHay, Aymatth2, Tri400, !dea4u, AlleborgoBot, Logan, Roland zh, The Random Editor, Arjun024, Euryalus, WereSpielChequers, Pravinsalvi, Yintan, Chandrahas9, Flyer22 Reborn, The
Evil Spartan, Templars26, KathrynLybarger, Hobartimus, Sunrise, Anakin101, Xvalex, Martarius, ClueBot, Fyyer, Pushmaster, Mild
Bill Hiccup, Arunsingh16, Jeremiestrother, LeoFrank, Sun Creator, Tyler, Jotterbot, BOTarate, Rabsnieder, M karthikkannan, DerBorg,
Versus22, Mellisa Anthony Jones, Belasd, Indopug, XLinkBot, Dsvyas, Jytdog, Jovianeye, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Betterusername, Cst17,
Download, Aakash.r, West.andrew.g, Nizil Shah, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Jan eissfeldt, Suvosaha, Yobot, Fraggle81, Eravi2k4, Sivanesh,
AnomieBOT, Davinciram, Jim1138, JackieBot, Materialscientist, RobertEves92, ArthurBot, Dhanpat, Xqbot, MohitSingh, Infogiventake, Jinjoakhil, Cantons-de-l'Est,
, Anshumanchaurasia, Amaury, 78.26, Aaditya 7, Shadowjams, iedas, Ghoshs89, Anumod999,
TerraHikaru, FrescoBot, LucienBOT, Kenfyre, Cannolis, OgreBot, AstaBOTh15, Amitkusi, SpacemanSpi, Rohin Roy, Serols, Keri,
Tim1357, Arun.punnathatta, Jonkerz, Callanecc, Bittuforyou, Kmw2700, Vrenator, Smartk1987, Lucius Winslow, Cowlibob, Pankajthakur.202, Diannaa, Rzuwig, Samitus mallicus, Bobby122, Fry1989, Vastrapur, Razer2115, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, Onel5969, Stj6,
Sargdub, Whywhenwhohow, EmausBot, John of Reading, Tinitrivedi, Vinod rakte, Jasvantsingh, Anshuman.jrt, Dewritech, Racerx11,
Narendra.jarugu, Datlaravivarma, Dcirovic, K6ka, AsceticRose, Altamash009, Kkm010, ZroBot, Choabhishek, Karthikndr, Kabdhesh,
Sachinvenga, Narayannat, Sahasrara, Ego White Tray, Orange Suede Sofa, Manojawaiting, Neil P. Quinn, 28bot, Gwen-chan, ClueBot NG,
Smtchahal, Gareth Grith-Jones, Raghuraghvendra, LogX, A520, Abhinavsingh2904, Sleddog116, Wdchk, Cric master, Ajayy prakash,
Twillisjr, O.Koslowski, Vipultalari, Ankurdas94, Widr, SantaPagla, Lokesh5790, Sharathpandit, HMSSolent, Strike Eagle, Smeetbhatt,
BG19bot, Venkat97865, SRSalleg, MusikAnimal, Mark Arsten, Exbrook, Compfreak7, Ninney, Blade great, Falkirks, Sanjeevkumarchhabria, Murthygadu, PRADEEP DEORE, Snow Blizzard, FeralOink, Abilngeorge, Neetesh000, Gautham2k, Karan Kamath, BattyBot,
Mrt3366, Kumari.k0106, Ravindragv, Ankit3600, LEOJOSEPHKTM, Sksingh0009, AutomaticStrikeout, BrightStarSky, Dexbot, Zahid
Alig, Mogism, Jahaan2004, Gauravyadav26, Chris Hughes 11, Gfosankar, Numancia, Frosty, Jemappelleungarcon, Mathurm31, Sammybackinaction, Metilda Benedict, 069952497a, Cyrus4343, Md Faisal Ansari, Bharatgolecha82, Randykitty, Epicgenius, Imsidart, Godot13,
Vanamonde93, Ruby Murray, Acetotyce, Michipedian, Ckolagatla, Tentinator, Binturong11, Nickknack00, Hendrick 99, Shuklaakash786,
Anitek bhattacharya, Sharmas2013, Crispulop, Commons sibi, Babitaarora, Wikiuser13, Nikhilmn2002, JustBerry, Hareesh Sivasubramanian, Ginsuloft, Central Bankster, Traitortanmay, Visakha veera, Param Mudgal, ChunnuBhai, JaconaFrere, Kamkrishna, Elango018,
Ajit13007, AKS.9955, Tanishjain5555, Gronk Oz, Kushalgokhale, Manoj4prabhakar, Prashant 1986, Reagantony, TranquilHope, KH-1,
VeNeMousCAT, Hhour Dday, Rajavel KS, Mrk42reporting, Atholim, Gr8anindya, AVINASH8055, Anand.kr.mishra, Emperoratul, The
Masked Man of Mega Might, T.n.v.chiranjeevi, Teju67890, Psomu800, Dhananjaya171, Supdiop, Ankush 89, RAMSHACKLE KHAN,
NewHikaru07, De la Marck, Itsnishith, Shivamsukhdeve, Aashay114, Anonymous1102, Mahendramohan, Filpro, Niravbhatu, Nagzans47,
Swatmag, Kevin Solo, Hai2259, Dpshmrt, Spolglans, Bismuth 123, Gauravgupta11, Fitindia, Triplecaa, Hodatul, Wikisam123, Abhigyan95 and Anonymous: 817

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