Air Bag Explorer

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM
Article Text
1997 Ford Explorer
For Cise Electronica Gral. Jose M. Bustillo 3243 Capital Federal Buenos Aires 1406
Copyright 1998 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC
Tuesday, August 13, 2002 07:45PM
ARTICLE BEGINNING
1997 ACCESSORIES/SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Ford Motor Co. - Air Bag Restraint System
Ford; Explorer
Mercury; Mountaineer
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
WARNING: To avoid injury from accidental air bag deployment, read and
carefully follow all WARNINGS and SERVICE PRECAUTIONS.
IDENTIFICATION
Vehicle is equipped with driver-side and passenger-side air

bags and are identified by a letter "L" in fourth position of Vehicle
Identification Number (VIN). VIN is located on top of instrument
panel, near lower left corner of windshield. VIN is also stamped on
Vehicle Certification (VC) label, mounted on left front door pillar.
The words Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) are embossed on
steering wheel center hub and/or on instrument panel above glove box.
A label denoting that vehicle is equipped with air bags is affixed to
driver-side sun visor.
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
The Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) is designed to

provide increased accident protection for driver and passenger by
deploying air bags in a front-end collision. The air bags, stored in
center of steering wheel and in instrument panel above glove box,
deploy in about 40 milliseconds after impact sensors close. SRS is
designed to be used with 3-point safety belts.
During a front-end collision, front impact sensor internal
balls are thrown forward. The balls complete an electrical circuit and
ignite inflator to deploy air bag. At least 2 sensors, one safing
sensor and one front impact sensor, must activate simultaneously to
inflate air bag.
SRS includes following components: diagnostic monitor,
driver-side air bag module, passenger-side air bag module, SRS
readiness light (AIR BAG warning light), front impact sensor and
safing sensor, ignitor assemblies (in air bag modules), clockspring)
and associated wiring harnesses.
BACK-UP POWER SUPPLY
A back-up power supply is used on all models and is located

inside diagnostic monitor. If battery or battery cables are damaged in
a collision before front impact sensors close circuit, back-up power
supply will deploy air bags. Back-up power supply will hold a
deployment charge for approximately one minute after positive battery

Article Text (p. 2)
1997 Ford Explorer
cable is disconnected.
CLOCKSPRING
The steering column contains a clockspring contact assembly

to transfer electrical signals from steering column wiring harness to
driver-side air bag module. Clockspring is mounted to steering column
behind steering wheel.
DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR
The diagnostic monitor is located at center of instrument

panel. The diagnostic monitor contains a microcomputer, which monitors
electrical system components and connections. Diagnostic monitor
performs a system self-check of SRS internal circuits every time
ignition switch is turned to RUN position. Monitor also energizes SRS
readiness indicator light (AIR BAG warning light) during initial
system self-check and whenever a fault is detected. Faults are
translated into flash codes and are displayed through AIR BAG warning
light.
If a system fault exists and/or AIR BAG warning light is
malfunctioning, an audible tone will sound, indicating need for
service. See TONE GENERATOR. Diagnostic monitor can also disarm SRS if
certain faults occur.
DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE
The driver-side air bag module is mounted on front face of

steering wheel, covered by steering wheel trim cover. When front
impact sensors and safing sensor close, signaling an impact, ignitor
triggers inflator. During ignition, sodium azide reacts with copper
oxide, producing nitrogen gas, which inflates air bag.
When air bag deploys, tear-seams molded into steering wheel
trim cover separate, allowing inflation of air bag assembly. Driverside air bag module is not serviceable and must be replaced as a
complete assembly.
PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE
The passenger-side air bag module is mounted in right side of

instrument panel, above glove box. When a front impact sensor and
safing sensor close, signaling an impact, air bag igniters trigger
inflator.
Since passenger-side air bag is larger than driver-side air
bag, inflator contains more gas generant in a different configuration
to produce more gas. When air bag is activated, instrument panel trim
cover tears at seams and hinges, allowing inflation. Passenger-side
air bag module is only serviced as a complete assembly.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
SRS is powered directly from battery and can function with

Article Text (p. 3)
1997 Ford Explorer
ignition switch in any position, including OFF and LOCK. System can
also function when driver-side and passenger-side seats are
unoccupied. The 3 main functions performed by electrical subsystem
are: detecting an impact, switching electric power to igniters for air
bags, and monitoring readiness of SRS.
IMPACT SENSORS
Each impact sensor reacts to impacts according to direction

and force. It discriminates between impacts that require air bag
inflation and impacts that do not.
When an impact occurs requiring air bag inflation, impact
sensor contacts close, completing electrical circuit necessary for
system operation. At least 2 sensors, one safing and one front impact,
must be activated simultaneously to inflate air bags. Front impact
sensors are located at left and right sides of radiator support.
Safing sensor is integral with air bag diagnostic monitor.
Fig. 1: Locating SRS Components

Courtesy of Ford Motor Co.

Article Text (p. 4)
1997 Ford Explorer
TONE GENERATOR
AIR BAG warning light is prime means of determining SRS

condition; however, a series of 5 audible tones, indicating that
system requires servicing, will sound if AIR BAG warning light is out,
and a fault occurs in system. Unless serviced, SRS may not function
properly in an accident.
SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK
1) When checking SRS operation, and upon completion of each

diagnostic test, check for faults in SRS. To check system, turn
ignition switch to RUN position. If AIR BAG warning light glows for 48 seconds and then goes out, SRS is functioning properly and no fault
codes exist.
2) If a fault code is detected in SRS during initial system
check, AIR BAG warning light will either fail to light, stay on
continuously, or flash a code sequence. If AIR BAG warning light
flashes, indicating a fault in system, count number of flashes after
fault code has cycled twice. Number of flashes represents a code
number used to diagnose SRS. See DIAGNOSIS & TESTING.
3) If a system fault exists and AIR BAG warning light fails
to light, an audible tone will be heard, indicating AIR BAG warning
light is out and service is required. See TONE GENERATOR
under DESCRIPTION & OPERATION.
SERVICE PRECAUTIONS
These precautions should be observed when working with SRS:

*
*
*
*
Disable SRS before servicing any SRS or steering column

components. Failure to do so may result in accidental air
bag deployment and personal injury. See procedures under
DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM.
Wait one minute after disabling SRS before working on
vehicle. Back-up power supply holds a deployment charge for
approximately one minute after positive battery cable is
disconnected. Servicing SRS before one minute may cause
accidental air bag deployment and possible personal injury.
Because of critical system operating requirements, DO NOT
service impact sensors, clockspring, diagnostic monitor or
air bag modules. Repairs are made by replacement only.
Always wear safety glasses whenever servicing an air bag
equipped vehicle or handling an air bag.
When carrying a live air bag module, ensure air bag module
and trim cover are pointed away from your body. This
minimizes chance of injury in event of an accidental
deployment.
When placing a live air bag module on a bench or other
surface, always face air bag module and trim cover facing up
and away from surface. This will reduce motion of module if
it is accidentally deployed.

Article Text (p. 5)
1997 Ford Explorer
*
*
*
*
*
*
After deployment, air bag surface may contain deposits of

sodium hydroxide, which may irritate skin. Sodium hydroxide
is a product of gas generant combustion. Always wear gloves
and safety glasses when handling a deployed air bag. Wash
your hands using mild soap and water. Follow correct
disposal procedures. See DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.
If scrapping a vehicle with an undeployed air bag module,
air bag must be deployed. See DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.
If a part is replaced and new part does not correct
condition, reinstall original part and perform diagnostic
procedure again.
Never probe connectors on air bag module. Doing so may cause
air bag deployment and/or personal injury.
Instruction to disconnect always refers to connector. DO NOT
remove component from vehicle if instructed to disconnect.
After any servicing, ensure AIR BAG warning light does not
indicate any fault codes. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
Replace air bag module if trim cover (deployment doors) is
marred or damaged. DO NOT repaint trim cover. Paint may
degrade cover material. Replace air bag module as necessary.
See SCRAPPED VEHICLE under DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.
DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM
WARNING: Wait one minute after disabling SRS before working on

vehicle. Back-up power supply holds a deployment charge for
CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer and memory
systems may lose memory data. Driveability problems may
exist until computer systems have completed a relearn cycle.
See COMPUTER RELEARN PROCEDURES in GENERAL INFORMATION
before DISCONNECTING BATTERY.
DISABLING SYSTEM
NOTE:
Following procedure should be used for component replacement

purposes only. If vehicle was involved in a collision and air
bag did not deploy or if SRS is not functioning properly, and
vehicle needs to be driven, complete system deactivation is
required. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION.
Disconnect negative battery cable and then positive battery

cable. Wait at least 1 minute before servicing any air bag components.
System is now disabled.
ACTIVATING SYSTEM

Article Text (p. 6)
1997 Ford Explorer
Connect positive battery cable and then negative battery

cable. System is now activated. From outside of vehicle, turn ignition
switch to RUN position. Check AIR BAG warning light for system fault
codes. Perform system operation check to ensure SRS is functioning
properly. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION
WARNING: Back-up power supply will hold a deployment charge for

Always deactivate driver-side and passenger-side air bag
modules before attempting any service procedures.
NOTE:
Complete system deactivation sequence is required

for following situations:
*
*
*
Vehicle was involved in a collision, air bags did not

deploy, and vehicle needs to be driven.
SRS is not functioning properly, and vehicle needs to
be driven.
Diagnosis and testing purposes.
1) Disconnect negative and positive battery cable Wait at

least one minute to deplete charge in back-up power supply. Remove
driver-side air bag module. See DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE under
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION.
2) Connect Air Bag Simulator (105-00011) to vehicle harness
at top of steering wheel. See Fig. 2. Remove passenger-side air bag
module. See PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE under REMOVAL &
INSTALLATION. Connect air bag simulator (105-000-10) to passenger-side
air bag vehicle harness connector. Connect negative battery cable. To
reactivate SRS, see COMPLETE SYSTEM REACTIVATION.
Fig. 2: Installing Driver-Side Air Bag Simulator


Article Text (p. 7)
1997 Ford Explorer
COMPLETE SYSTEM REACTIVATION
1) Disconnect negative and positive battery cables. Remove

air bag simulator from clockspring connector. Remove air bag simulator
from passenger-side air bag vehicle harness connector. Install driverside air bag module. See DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE under REMOVAL &
INSTALLATION.
2) Install passenger-side air bag module. See
PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Reconnect
positive and negative battery cables. System is now reactivated.
Perform system operation check to ensure SRS is functioning properly.
See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
WARNING: Refer to SERVICE PRECAUTIONS before proceeding.

Air bag disposal may be necessary in following situations:
*
*
*
*
Scrapping vehicle with

Scrapping vehicle with
Disposal of a live but
Disposal of a deployed
deployed air bag.

live air bag.
electrically faulty air bag module.
air bag module.
AIR BAG DISPOSAL PROCEDURES TABLE

---------------------------------------------------------------------Condition
Instructions
Module Replacement
Deployed Air Bag .................. (1) Dispose Of In Usual Manner
Faulty But Live Air Bag Module ........... (2) Return For Disposal
Vehicle To Be Scrapped
Deployed Air Bag .................. (1) Dispose Of In Usual Manner
Live Air Bag .................................. (2) Deploy Air Bag
(1) - Contact vehicle manufacturer for proper disposal instructions.
(2) - See SCRAPPED VEHICLE.
---------------------------------------------------------------------DEPLOYED AIR BAG
Dispose of deployed air bag module as any other part. Air bag
module components are not reusable.
UNDEPLOYED AIR BAG - FAULTY UNIT
If an undeployed air bag module is diagnosed as faulty,

contact vehicle manufacturer for proper disposal instructions.
SCRAPPED VEHICLE

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1997 Ford Explorer
CAUTION: DO NOT dispose of undeployed air bag modules without first

deploying air bag. If this is not possible through
procedure outlined, contact vehicle manufacturer for
further instructions.
If vehicle is to be scrapped, undeployed air bag module must
first be deployed. Use the following procedure for deployment of air
bag.
Remote Deployment Of Air Bag
This procedure is to be used when a vehicle with a live
driver-side or passenger-side air bag is to be scrapped, but a problem
in air bag electrical system prevents deployment with air bag still
installed in vehicle.
WARNING: Perform remote deployment outdoors. Keep all personnel at
least 20 feet away to ensure physical and hearing safety
from projected objects and loud noise of air bag deployment.
1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Deactivate
system. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM.
2) Remove air bag modules. See DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE and
PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. With air
bag modules removed, cut air bag connector from wiring harness near
air bag module. Strip 1" of insulation from wire ends. Obtain 2 wires
at least 20 feet long. Connect one end of each 20-foot wire to one end
of each air bag module wire.
WARNING: When placing a live air bag on a bench or other surface,
always face air bag and trim cover up and away from surface.
This will reduce motion of air bag module if it is
accidentally deployed.
3) Place air bag module with trim cover facing upward on a
flat surface, in remote area such as parking lot or field. Remain at
least 20 feet away from air bag module. Deploy air bag by touching
loose ends of both wires to 12-volt battery terminals.
4) If successful, a loud noise will be heard and bag material
will be visible. Allow at least 10 minutes for cooling and dissipation
of air bag effluents before approaching air bag. Air bag is now
inoperative. If air bag does not deploy, air bag module is faulty.
Contact vehicle manufacturer for further instructions on disposal
procedures.
POST-COLLISION INSPECTION
When a vehicle has been involved in a collision, certain

components of the passive restraint system must be inspected or
replaced. See PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM INSPECTION article in the
GENERAL INFORMATION section for post-collision inspection information.

Article Text (p. 9)
1997 Ford Explorer
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
WARNING: Failure to follow service precautions may result in air bag

deployment and personal injury. See SERVICE PRECAUTIONS.
After component replacement, ensure proper system operation.
CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer and memory
systems may lose memory data. Driveability problems may
exist until computer systems have completed a relearn cycle.
See COMPUTER RELEARN PROCEDURES in GENERAL INFORMATION
before DISCONNECTING BATTERY.
CLOCKSPRING
1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable SRS.

See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM.
CAUTION: When removing steering wheel, DO NOT use a knock-off type
steering wheel puller, or strike steering wheel or shaft
with a hammer. A sudden impact could damage bearing or
collapse steering column.
2) Remove driver-side air bag module. See
DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE. Ensure vehicle front wheels are in
straight-ahead position and steering column shaft alignment mark is at
12 o'clock position. Remove steering wheel. See STEERING WHEEL.
3) If equipped, twist tilt wheel handle and shank and remove.
Remove 3 screws and upper and lower steering column shroud. Insert
ignition key into ignition switch and turn to RUN position. Push lock
cylinder release tab with punch while pulling out ignition lock
cylinder. Use service lock to fix sliding contact in position. If
service lock is missing, apply 2 strips of making tape across
clockspring to prevent accidental rotation. Remove key-in warning
indicator switch.
4) Disconnect clockspring connector and separate air bag
electrical connector from bracket. Pry retaining clips loose. Separate
wire from 2 retaining clips holding wire to column. Feed wire harness
through steering column. Remove clockspring.
NOTE:
Service replacement clockspring will contain a Red plastic

locking insert to prevent rotation. DO NOT remove insert
until clockspring is securely installed on column.

Article Text (p. 10)
1997 Ford Explorer
Fig. 3: Removing Clockspring From Steering Column

Installation
1) Install and align clockspring with air bag electrical
pigtail pointing at 3 o'clock position and dot on steering shaft
should be at 9 o'clock position. Press at 6, 12 and 3 o'clock
positions to seat clockspring. Rotate wiring, secure into wire clips,
connect 2 electrical connectors and snap into bracket. Install key-in
ignition warning indicator switch. If new clockspring is used, remove
yellow anti-rotation tab.
3) If clockspring was rotated accidentally during removal
from vehicle, adjust clockspring. See CLOCKSPRING.
4) To complete installation, reverse removal procedure.
Activate air bag system. Check AIR BAG warning light to assure system
is functioning properly. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR
CAUTION: When replacing air bag diagnostic monitor, with blown

internal thermal fuse, be sure that all short circuits and
damaged wiring have been repaired. Diagnostic portion of
diagnostic monitor are still intact, and must be used to
diagnose and verify repairs before diagnostic monitor
replacement.

1997 Ford Explorer
Removal
2) Diagnostic monitor is located behind right side kick
panel. See Fig. 4. Remove front door scuff plate. Remove right kick
panel. Diagnostic monitor is the Blue box. Disconnect diagnostic
monitor connectors. Remove diagnostic monitor bracket retaining bolts.
Remove diagnostic monitor and bracket as an assembly.
Fig. 4: Removing Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor

Installation
To install diagnostic monitor, reverse removal procedure.
Tighten retaining screws to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Activate air bag system. Check AIR BAG warning light to ensure system
is functioning properly. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE


1997 Ford Explorer
2) Remove 2 cover plugs from rear of steering wheel. Remove

screws and washers which retain air bag module to steering wheel. See
Fig. 5. Disconnect air bag electrical connector from clockspring
(clockspring assembly). Remove air bag module from vehicle.
Fig. 5: Removing Driver-Side Air Bag Module

Installation
Connect air bag module to clockspring connector. Position air
bag module onto steering wheel. Install air bag module retaining
screws and washers and tighten to specification. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Activate air bag system. Check AIR BAG warning
light to ensure system is functioning properly. See
SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE

2) Open glove box. Remove 2 screws and pull out passengerside air bag. Disconnect electrical connector. See Fig. 6.
Installation
To install passenger-side air bag, reverse removal
procedures. Check AIR BAG warning light to ensure system is
functioning properly. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.

1997 Ford Explorer
Fig. 6: Removing/Installing Passenger-Side Air Bag

Installation
To install, reverse removal procedure. Tighten bracket bolts
to specifications. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Activate air bag system.
Check AIR BAG warning light to ensure system is functioning properly.
FRONT IMPACT SENSORS
Removal
1) Front impact sensors are attached to left and right sides
of radiator support. Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS.
Disable SRS. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM.
2) Remove radiator grille and opening cover. Remove screws,
disconnect connectors and remove sensor and bracket. See Fig. 7.

1997 Ford Explorer
Fig. 7: Removing Front Impact Sensor

Installation
To install, reverse removal procedure. Tighten retaining
screws to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. If proper torque
cannot be achieved, replace stripped mounting bracket and screw with
Bracket (14B191), Screw (N806327-S190), and Screw (W620397-S36). Check
AIR BAG warning light to ensure system is functioning properly. See
SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
NOTE:
Vehicle sensor orientation is critical for proper system

operation. If a vehicle equipped with SRS is involved in a
crash, and fenders or grille area have been damaged, inspect

1997 Ford Explorer
sensor mounting brackets for deformation. If damaged, system

should be deactivated to ensure air bag does not deploy. See
COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION under DISABLING &
ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Damaged sensor(s) should be
replaced, whether or not air bag has been deployed. In
addition, ensure body structure in area of sensor mounting is
restored to its original construction.
STEERING WHEEL
Removal
2) Disconnect speed control wiring harness (if equipped) from
steering wheel. Loosen steering wheel retaining bolt 2-3 turns.
Install Differential Side Bearing Puller (T77F-4220-B1), at position
marked PULL. Unseat steering wheel and remove puller.
3) Remove and discard steering wheel retaining bolt. Remove
steering wheel. Route clockspring wiring harness through steering
wheel as wheel is lifted from steering shaft.
Installation
1) Ensure front wheels are in straight-ahead position. Route
clockspring wiring harness through steering wheel opening at 3 o'clock
position. Position steering wheel on steering shaft and align
installation marks.
2) Ensure air bag clockspring wire is not pinched when
positioning steering wheel. Install new steering wheel retaining
bolt, and tighten to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Connect
speed control wiring harness (if equipped) to steering wheel, and snap
connector assembly into steering wheel clip.
3) Install driver-side air bag module. See
DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE. Activate SRS. Check AIR BAG warning light
to ensure system is functioning properly. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
ADJUSTMENTS
Information is not available from manufacturer. Wiring from

clockspring to air bag module must align with hole in steering wheel.
If wiring is not aligned properly, wiring may accidentally be cut when
steering wheel is installed and rotated.
WIRE REPAIR
To repair damage to sensor wiring and wiring harnesses, note

following conditions and proceed to REPAIR PROCEDURE.
*
*
*
All wire splice connections must be staggered at least

2" (50 mm) apart.
Use proper size butt connectors and shrink tubing for size
of wire being spliced.
All repaired connections must be waterproofed using heat

1997 Ford Explorer
shrink tubing.
Use of transparent butt connectors allows inspection of
finished crimped connector to ensure proper connection.
Repair Procedure
Cut shrink tubing 1" longer than butt connector. Slide shrink
tubing onto one wire end first. Insert pre-stripped wire ends into
proper size butt connector, and crimp connector using appropriate
crimping pliers. See Fig. 8. Slide shrink tubing over butt connector,
leaving 1/2" of tubing on each side of connector. Using heat gun, hair
dryer or match, heat tubing until it shrinks and adhesive flows from
each end of tubing. Connection is now waterproofed.
Fig. 8: Repairing & Waterproofing Wiring Connections

DIAGNOSIS & TESTING
WARNING: Failure to follow service precautions may result in air bag

deployment and personal injury. See SERVICE PRECAUTIONS.
After component replacement, ensure proper system operation.

1997 Ford Explorer

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS
During vehicle operation, air bag diagnostic monitor detects

and stores both intermittent and hard failure codes in non-volatile
memory. The DTCs can be retrieved with the New Generation Star (NGS)
tester using the retrieve/clear continuous codes option. If no DTCs
are present, NGS Tester will display SYSTEM PASSED message. Once a
fault code is logged in air bag diagnostic monitor memory, it will
stay in memory until 80 ignition cycles have been recorded or until
NGS is used to erase the DTCs.
RETRIEVING FAULT CODES
1) To retrieve and/or clear DTCs, follow these step: Connect

NGS to Data Link Connector (DLC). Turn ignition switch to RUN
position. Select MODEL YEAR and VEHICLE. Select DIAGNOSTIC DATA LINK.
Select IABM-INTEGRATED AIR BAG MONITOR. Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODES.
Select RETRIEVE/CLEAR CONTINUOUS DTCs.
2) After pressing START, all continuous DTCs will be
displayed open screen. Before proceeding with clearing operation, make
note of DTCs displayed. See FAULT CODE IDENTIFICATION table. See
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. Once cleared, DTCs cannot be retrieved.
RETRIEVING STORED FAULT CODES
To clear all DTCs, press C ALL. Clearing of individual

(C ONE) is not supported by air bag diagnostic monitor. The NGS
retrieve DTCs again after clearing DTCs, and if any remain they
be displayed. Hard DTCs will be redisplayed after clearing DTCs
they cannot be cleared from air bag diagnostic monitor.
FAULT CODE IDENTIFICATION TABLE
-----------------------------------------------------------Fault Code
Flash Code
Description
B1342
B1867
B1869
B1913
B1914
B1921
....
....
....
....
....
....
B1922
....
B1923
....
B1924
....
B1932
....
24 ............ Internal Microprocessor Fault

12/52 ................... Low Battery Voltage
-- ......... No Indicator/Inoperative Circuit
13/53 ..... Air Bag Circuit Shorted To Ground
14/54 ......... Impact Sensor Short To Ground
21 ........... Diagnostic Monitor Not Mounted
To Vehicle Properly
22 ................. Safing Sensor Shorted To
Battery Voltage
23 ...................... Memory Clear Circuit
Improperly Grounded
24 ........ System Disarm Failure Or Internal
Diagnostic Monitor Fault
32 .................. High Resistance Or Open
In Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit
DTCs
will
will
since

1997 Ford Explorer
B1933
....
33
.................. High Resistance Or Open

In Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit
B1934 .... 34 .................. Low Resistance Or Short
In Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit
B1935 .... 35 .................. Low Resistance Or Short
In Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit
B1941 .... 41 ............... Center/Right Impact Sensor
Feed/Return Circuit Open
B1942 .... 42 ....................... Left Impact Sensor
Feed/Return Circuit Open
B1944 .... 44 ............... Center/Right Impact Sensor
Not Mounted To Vehicle Properly
B1945 .... 45 ....................... Left Impact Sensor
Not Mounted To Vehicle Properly
-----------------------------------------------------------DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST
1) Connect NGS to data link connector. Turn ignition switch

to RUN position. Select MODEL YEAR and VEHICLE. Select DIAGNOSTIC DATA
LINK. Select IABM-INTEGRATED AIR BAG MONITOR. Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST
MODES. Select ON-DEMAND SELF TEST. Press START and then TRIGGER.
2) Air bag diagnostic monitor will run on demand self test
and display ON-DEMAND DTCs on the screen.
PINPOINT TEST A: LFC52/DTC B1867 - LOW BATTERY VOLTAGE
NOTE:
Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. After

servicing has been performed, recheck AIR BAG warning light.
If system is okay, install air bag modules and reactivate air
bag system.
1) Check For Hard Or Intermittent DTC

Connect NGS tester to DLC. Perform ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If
DTC B1867 is retrieved, go to step 2). If DTC B1867 is not retrieved,
go to step 7).
WARNING: Certain fault conditions may cause diagnostic monitor to
intentionally blow mini fuse 4 (10A). DO NOT use any other
fuse value except a 10-amp fuse. Substituting any other fuse
value may cause future disarming failure and may result in
danger to vehicle occupants.
2) Check B+ Power Supply
Connect NGS to DLC. Select IABM. Select Pid/Data Monitor and
Record. Select Pid VBATIAB. If voltage is less than 5 volts, go to
step 4). If voltage is more than 5 volts, go to next step.
3) Check Charging System
Measure charging system voltage. If voltage is more than 9

1997 Ford Explorer
volts, deactivate system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION. Replace

air bag diagnostic monitor. Reconnect system. Verify system.
Reactivate system and go to step 10).
4) Check Battery Fuses
Deactivate system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION.
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor connectors. Check mini fuse 4
(10-amp) in power distribution box feeding diagnostic monitor terminal
No. C232-13 and C232-14. See Fig. 9. If fuse is blown, go to next
step. If fuse is not blown, repair circuit 937 (Red/White wire) for
open. Check in-line connector, crimps, etc. Connect diagnostic
monitor. Go to step 10).
Fig. 9: Identifying Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Connectors


1997 Ford Explorer
5) Check For Short in Harness

Replace blown fuse. Do not use any substitutions. If fuse
blows again, repair short to ground on circuit 937 (Red/White wire).
Connect air bag diagnostic monitor. Go to step 10). If fuse does not
blow, go to next step.
WARNING: Certain fault conditions may cause diagnostic monitor to
intentionally blow mini fuse 4 (10A). DO NOT use any other
fuse value except a 10-amp fuse. Substituting any other fuse
value may cause future disarming failure and may result in
danger to vehicle occupants.
6) Confirm Condition
Reconnect air bag diagnostic monitor connectors. If fuse
blows, replace diagnostic monitor. Replace fuse. Reconnect system.
Reactivate system. Go to step 10). If fuse does not blow, go to step
10).
7) Check If repaired
Deactivate system. If DTC B1867 has just been repaired, check
mini fuse 4 (10A). Go to step 10). If DTC B1867 has not just been
repaired, go to step 8).
8)
If
mini fuse 4
problem, go
Check Charging System

there is a charging system problem, repair problem. Check
(10A). Go to step 10). If there is not a charging system
to next step.
9) Check Battery Feed

Inspect all crimps, terminals, fuses, wires, etc. in circuit
937 (Red/White wire) feeding terminal No. C232-13 and C232-14 of air
bag diagnostic monitor. See Fig. 9. Look for poor connections, etc. If
problems are noted, repair problems, check mini fuse 4 (10A) and go to
step 10). If no problems are noted, recheck fault code. Look for
causes of intermittent low battery voltage at terminal No. C232-13
circuit 937 (Red/White wire). See Fig. 9. Correct intermittent fault
and go to step 10).
10) Check For Other DTCs
Connect NGS to DLC. If other DTCs are retrieved go to proper
DTC test. If no other DTCs are retrieved, reactivate system and clear
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST B: LFC13, LFC53/DTC B1913 - AIR BAG CIRCUIT
SHORT TO GROUND
NOTE:

bag system.

1997 Ford Explorer

go to step 11).
2) Check For Shorted Air Bag
Deactivate air bag system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION
under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Connect NGS to DLC. Turn
ignition switch to RUN position and perform ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If
DTC B1913 is retrieved, go to next step. If DTC B1913 is not
retrieved, go to step 10).
3) Check Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit
Disconnect diagnostic monitor. Inspect clockspring wiring
harness connector at base of steering column for damaged, chafed or
pinched wires. Repair as necessary. If wiring is okay, measure
resistance between terminal No. C232-2 (Gray/Orange wire) and C232-18
(Black/White wire) of diagnostic monitor connector. See Fig. 9. If
resistance less than 1M ohm, go to next step. If resistance not less
than 1M ohm, go to step 5).
4) Check Circuit 614 For Short To Ground
Disconnect clockspring at base of steering column. Use
ohmmeter to check resistance between terminal No. C232-2 and ground.
See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 1M ohm, repair circuit 614 (
Gray/Orange wire) or circuit 615 (Gray/White wire) for short to
ground. Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate system and go to
step 13). If resistance not less than 1M ohm, replace clockspring.
Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate system and go to step 13).
5) Check Passenger-Side Air Bag Module Circuits For Shorts
Inspect wiring and connector where air bag module wiring
mates to main vehicle harness. Check for pinched or chafed wires. Use
ohmmeter to measure resistance of circuit 607 (Light Blue/Orange wire)
to ground. Connect one lead to terminal No. C232-5 and one lead to
terminal No. C232-18. See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 1M ohm,
go to next step. If resistance not less than 1M ohm, go to step 7).
6) Check Circuit 607 For Short To Ground
Disconnect passenger side air bag simulator from main
harness. Remove shorting bar from harness side connector. Use ohmmeter
connected to good ground, connect other lead to terminal No. C232-5.
See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 1M ohm, repair circuit 607 (
Light Blue/Orange wire) for short to ground. Reconnect system. Verify
system. Reactivate system and go to step 15). If resistance not less
than 1M ohm, repair circuit 616 (Pink/Black wire) for short top
ground. Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate system and go to
step 15).
7) Check Impact Sensors
Use ohmmeter connected to a good ground to measure resistance
of terminal No. C232-15 and terminal No. C232-16. See Fig. 9. If
resistance is greater than 40k/ohms replace air bag diagnostic

1997 Ford Explorer
monitor. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to step 15. If

resistance is less than 40k/ohms, go to next step.
8) Check For Open Sensor
Disconnect impact sensor that was less than 40k/ohms in step
7). Use ohmmeter to measure resistance across terminals of impact
sensor connector. If resistance greater than 40K ohm, replace sensor,
reconnect system and go to step 15. If resistance is not greater than
40K ohms, go to next step.
9) Check For Shored Sensor Circuit
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor and use ohmmeter
connected to good ground to check resistance of terminal No. C232-15
or terminal No. C232-16. See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 1M
ohm, repair circuit 619 (Pink/White wire) or circuit 617 (Pink/Orange
wire) for short to ground. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to
step 11. If resistance not less than 1M ohm, repair circuit 625 (
Yellow/Light Green wire) or 624 (Yellow/White wire) for short to
ground. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to step 11.
10) Determine Which Bag is Shorted
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor. Inspect wiring and
connector where clockspring mates to main vehicle harness under
steering column. Make sure shorting bar is properly installed in
passenger side air bag connector.
WARNING: Use a hand held digital ohmmeter with less than 10MA
short circuit current on the lowest resistance scale
possible (200 ohm setting). Failure to use a meter of
this type may cause personal injury due to air bag
deployment.
Use ohmmeter to measure resistance between either of the
terminals in passenger-side air bag connector and metal case of air
bag module. If resistance is infinite (open), replace driver-side air
bag module. Reconnect system and go to step 11. If resistance is not
infinite (open), replace passenger-side air bag module. Reconnect
system and go to step 11).
11) Check For DTC Service
Deactivate system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION. If DTC
B1913 has just been repaired, check mini fuse 4 (10A). Do not use
substitutions. Reconnect system and go to step 15). If DTC B1913 has
not just been repaired, go to next step.
12) Check For Intermittent Shorts
Inspect circuits 614 (Gray/Orange wire), 615 (Gray/White
wire), 607 (Light Blue/Orange wire) and 616 (Pink/Black wire) for
pinched or chafed wires or other problems. If problems are noted,
repair wiring, check mini fuse 4 (10A), go to step 15). If no problems
are noted, go to next step.

1997 Ford Explorer
13) Check Clockspring Contact

Inspect clockspring wiring at harness connector. Inspect
wiring in steering wheel hub. Inspect wiring where passenger-side air
bag module mates to harness connector. If any problems are noted,
repair problem, check mini fuse 4 (10A), reconnect system and go to
step 15). If no problems are noted, go to next step.
14) Check Impact Sensors
Inspect impact sensors and associated circuits 617 (Pink/
Orange wire), 624 (Yellow/White wire), 619 (Pink/White wire), and 625
(Yellow/Light Green wire). If problems are noted, replace impact
sensor, check mini fuse 4 (10A), reconnect system and go to step 15.
If no problems are noted, re-examine fault code and check for causes
of intermittent shorts or resistance to ground. Repair intermittent
problems and go to step 15).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST C: LFC 14, LFC 54/DTC B1914 - IMPACT SENSOR
SHORTED TO GROUND
NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 5).
2) Identify Shorted Circuit
under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Disconnect diagnostic
monitor. Using an ohmmeter set to 200k/ohm scale or Auto, measure
resistance between terminal No. C232-18 and terminal No. C232-15,
C232-16, C232-23 and C232-24 of diagnostic monitor connector. See
Fig. 9. If all resistance readings are infinite (open), replace
diagnostic monitor. If one or more resistance reading is not infinite,
go to next step).
3) Determine If Sensor Or Wire Is Shorted
Disconnect impact sensor where resistance reading was not
infinite in step 2). Measure resistance between terminals of sensor
connector. If resistance reading is infinite (open), go to next step.
If resistance reading is not infinite, replace impact sensor.
Reconnect system and go step 7).
4)
Check For Shorted Sensor Circuit

1997 Ford Explorer
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor. Using an ohmmeter

connected to good ground, measure resistance at terminal No. C232-15,
Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 1M ohm, repair circuit 619 (Pink/
White wire), circuit 617 (Pink/Orange wire), 624 (Yellow/White wire),
or 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire). Reconnect system. Verify system.
Reactivate system, go to step 7). If resistance not less than 1M ohm,
repair short between circuit 619 (Pink/White wire), 625 (Yellow/Light
Green wire), 620 (Pink/Light Blue wire), 617 (Pink/Orange wire), or
618 (Pink/Light Green wire). Reconnect system. Verify system.
Deactivate system. See the COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION
procedures. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1914 is been retrieved,
go to step 6). If DTC 1914 is not retrieved, check mini fuse 4 (10A).
Do not use substitutions. Reconnect system and go to step 7). If DTC
B1914 has not just been repaired, go to next step.
6) Check For Intermittent Shorts
Inspect circuits 617 (Pink/Orange wire), 624 (Yellow/White
wire), 619 (Pink/White wire) and 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire) for
pinched or chafed wires or other problems. If problems are noted,
replace impact sensor. Check mini fuse 4 (10A), go to step 7). If no
problems are noted, reexamine fault code and look for causes of
intermittent shorts or resistance to ground. Repair intermittent
problems and go to next step.
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST D: LFC21/DTC B1921 - DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR NOT
MOUNTED TO VEHICLE PROPERLY

NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 5).
2) Measure Resistance
Connect NGS to DLC. Select IABM. Select PID/Data Monitor and
Record. Select PID BRACKET. If resistance is more than 3 ohms,
deactivate system, Remove air bag diagnostic monitor and bracket. See
COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION. Thoroughly clean mounting surfaces.
Reinstall air bag diagnostic monitor and go to next step. If

1997 Ford Explorer
resistance is less than 3 ohms, go to step 4).

3) Recheck Resistance
Again, measure resistance between ground and diagnostic
monitor bracket. If resistance is less than 3 ohms, cleaning
diagnostic monitor mounting surfaces in step 2) has corrected problem.
Go to step 8). If resistance is more than 3 ohms, go next step
4) Check Reference Ground
Check attachment of ground connections and splices in circuit
570 (Black/White wire) feeding diagnostic monitor harness terminal No.
C232-10 and C232-18. See Fig. 9. If poor connections are noted repair
circuit as necessary. Add a ground strap from circuit 570 (Black/White
wire) to one of the air bag diagnostic monitor mounting fasteners.
Connect air bag diagnostic monitor and go to step 8). If no poor
connections are noted, replace air bag diagnostic monitor. Reconnect
system. Verify system. Reactivate system and go to step 8)
Deactivate system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION
procedures. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1921 IS retrieved, go to
step 6). If DTC B1921 is not retrieved, go to step 8).
6) Check For Corrosion
Inspect diagnostic monitor bracket and mounting surfaces.
Look for signs of corrosion or poor contact. If significant corrosion
is found, replace air bag diagnostic monitor. Verify system.
7) Check Circuit 570 (Black/White wire)
Check attachment of ground connections and splices in circuit
570 (Black/White wire) feeding diagnostic monitor harness connector
terminal No. C232-10 and C232-18. See Fig. 9. If poor connections are
noted, repair as necessary. See step 4). Add ground strap from circuit
570 (Black/White wire) to one of diagnostic monitor mounting
fasteners. Connect diagnostic monitor and go to step 8). If no poor
connections are noted, remove air bag diagnostic monitor and bracket
from vehicle and thoroughly clean mounting surfaces. Replace air bag
diagnostic monitor. Re-examine fault code and look for causes of high
resistance in diagnostic monitor bracket ground. Repair any
intermittent faults and go to step 8).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST E: LFC22/DTC B1922 - SAFING SENSOR SHORTED TO
BATTERY VOLTAGE
NOTE:


1997 Ford Explorer

bag system.
go to step 6).
2) Check Driver-Side Circuit Voltage
under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Inspect driver-side air
bag wiring for potential short to speed control and/or horn wiring.
Repair wiring as necessary. If wiring is okay, disconnect diagnostic
monitor. Measure voltage between terminal No. C232-2 and C232-18 of
diagnostic monitor connector. See Fig. 9. If voltage is more than zero
volts, go to next step. If voltage is zero volts, go to step 4).
3) Check Circuit 614 For Wire-To-Wire Short
Remove locking wedge and shorting bar from terminal No. C2322 of harness side of air bag diagnostic monitor connector. Remove
driver-side air bag simulator. Use voltmeter connected to good ground
to measure voltage at terminal No. C232-2. See Fig. 9. If voltage is
more than zero volts, repair circuit 614 (Gray/Orange wire) for short
to B+. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to step 9. If voltage is
zero volts, repair circuit 615 (Gray/White wire) for short to B+.
Reconnect system. Verify system. Go to step 9).
4) Measure Passenger-Side Voltage
Measure voltage between diagnostic monitor harness connector
terminal No. C232-5 and C232-18. See Fig. 9. If voltage is more than
zero volts, go to next step. If voltage is zero volts, replace air bag
diagnostic monitor. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to step 9).
5) Check Circuit 607 For Wire-To-Wire Short
Remove locking wedge and shorting bar from terminal No. C2325 of harness side of air bag diagnostic monitor connector. See Fig. 9.
Remove passenger-side air bag simulator. Use voltmeter to measure
voltage at between terminal No. C232-5 and C232-18. If voltage is more
than zero volts, repair circuit 607 (Light Blue/Orange wire) for short
and go to step 9). If voltage is zero volts, repair circuit 616 (Pink/
Black wire) for short to B+. Reconnect system. Verify system. Go to
step 9).
procedures. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1922 is retrieved, go to
step 9). If DTC B1922 is not retrieved, go to next step.
7) Check For Steering Column Shorts
Inspect driver-side air bag wiring harness for shorts to
speed control or horn wiring. If problems are noted, repair as
necessary and go to step 9). If no problems are noted, go to next

1997 Ford Explorer
step.
Inspect circuit 614 (Gray/Orange wire) and 615 (Gray/White
wire) to driver-side air bag module and circuits 607 (Light Blue/
Orange wire) and 616 (Pink/Black wire) for wire-to-wire shorts. Repair
as necessary and go to step 9). If wiring is okay, re-examine fault
code and look for causes of intermittent shorts to battery voltage.
Repair intermittent problems and go to next step.
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST F: LFC23/DTC 1923 - MEMORY CLEAR CIRCUIT
IMPROPERLY GROUNDED
NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 5).
2) Check If Circuit 631 Is Connected
If terminal No. C232-17 of air bag diagnostic monitor has
wire connected, go to next step. See Fig. 9. If it does not, go to
step 7).
3) Check If Circuit Is Correct Color
under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Disconnect diagnostic
monitor. See Fig. 9. Verify terminal No. C232-17 is a Tan/Red wire. If
it is, go to next step. If it is not, verify and correct harness pin
out. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to step 7).
Use ohmmeter set to 200K ohms scale or AUTO. Measure
resistance between diagnostic monitor harness connector terminal No.
C232-17 and terminal No. C232-18. See Fig. 9. If resistance is
infinite, replace air bag diagnostic monitor. Reconnect system. Verify
system. Reactivate system and go to step 7). If resistance is not
infinite, repair short to ground on circuit 631 (Tan/Red wire).
Reconnect air bag diagnostic monitor. Go to step 7).
Deactivate system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION. If DTC
B1923 has just been repaired, go to step 7). If DTC B1923 has not just

1997 Ford Explorer
been repaired, go to next step.

Inspect circuit 631 (Tan/Red wire) for pinched or chafed
wires leading to intermittent short to ground. If problems are noted,
repair as necessary and go to step 7). If no problems are noted, go to
next step.
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST G: LFC 32/DTC B1932 - HIGH RESISTANCE OR OPEN
IN DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG CIRCUIT

NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 6).
2) Check Circuit Resistance
under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Connect NGS tester to
DLC. Perform ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1932 is retrieved, go to
next step. If DTC B1932 is not retrieved, go to step 9).
Turn ignition off and disconnect diagnostic monitor
connector. Record resistance reading. Remove plastic locking wedge
from Gray harness connector at air bag diagnostic monitor. Measure
resistance between diagnostic monitor connector terminal No. C232-2
and C232-3. See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 3 ohms, replace air
bag diagnostic monitor. Reconnect system. Verify system. Go to step
9). If resistance is more than 3 ohms, go to next step.
4) Isolate Resistance
Disconnect clockspring connector at base of steering column.
Connect air bag simulator to harness connector at base of steering
column. Zero ohmmeter by touching leads together and record reading.
Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor harness connector
terminal No. C232-2 and C232-3. See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than
2.2 ohms, replace clockspring. Reconnect system. Verify system.
Reactivate system and go to step 9). If resistance is more than 2.2
ohms, go to next step.
5) Check Circuit 614 For Open

1997 Ford Explorer
Use ohmmeter to connect one lead to circuit 614 (Gray/Orange

wire) at air bag clockspring harness connector. Connect second lead to
terminal No. C232-2. If resistance is less than 3 ohms, repair circuit
615 (Gray/White wire) for open. Reconnect system. Verify system.
Reactivate system. Go to step 9). If resistance is more than 3 ohms,
repair circuit 614 (Gray/Yellow wire) for open. Reconnect system.
Verify system. Reactivate system. Go to step 9).
procedures. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1932 is retrieved, go to
step 7). If DTC B1932 is not retrieved, go to next step 9)
7) Check Air Bag Connections
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor. Zero ohmmeter by
touching leads together and record reading. Remove plastic locking
wedge from Gray harness side connector at base of steering column. See
Fig. 9. Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor harness
connector terminal No. C232-2 and C232-3 while wiggling wires at
driver-side air bag module connector where it mates to clockspring.
If resistance is more than 3 ohms or other problems are noted, replace
clockspring. Go to step 9). If resistance is less than 3 ohms, Go to
next step.
8) Check Circuits 614 and 615
Inspect circuit 614 (Gray/Yellow wire)and 615 (Gray/White
wire) for pinched or chafed wires leading to high resistance. If
problems are noted, repair as necessary and go to next step). If no
problems are noted, reexamine DTC description. Check for causes of
intermittent high resistance or open circuits. Attempt to recreate
fault by driving vehicle, flexing wire harnesses or cycling ignition
key frequently. Repair any concerns found and go step 9).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST H: LFC 33/DTC B1933 - HIGH RESISTANCE OR OPEN
IN PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG CIRCUIT

NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 5).

1997 Ford Explorer

next step. If DTC 1933 is not retrieved, go to step 8).
3) Check Circuit 607-To-616
Disconnect diagnostic monitor. Remove plastic locking wedge
from Gray harness side connector at diagnostic monitor harness
connector. Measure resistance between diagnostic harness connector
terminal No. C232-5 and C232-4. See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than
3 ohms, replace passenger-side air bag.Reconnect system. Verify
system. Reactivate system and go to step 8). If resistance is more
than 3 ohms, go to next step.
Disconnect passenger-side air bag simulator from main
harness. Connect ohmmeter lead to circuit 607 (Light Blue/Orange wire)
at passenger-side air bag module harness connector. Connect other lead
to terminal No. C232-5. See Fig. 9. If resistance is less than 3 ohms,
repair circuit 616 (Pink/Black wire) for open. Reconnect system.
Verify system. Reactive system and go to step 8). If resistance is
more than 3 ohms, repair circuit 607 (Light Blue/Orange wire) for
open. Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate system and go to
step 8).
Deactivate system. See COMPLETE SYSTEM DEACTIVATION under
DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC
B1933 is retrieved, go to step 6). If DTC B1933 is not retrieved, go
to step 6).
wedge from Gray harness side connector at base of steering column.
Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor harness connector
terminal No. C232-4 and C232-5 while wiggling wires at driver-side air
bag module connector where it mates to harness. See Fig. 9. If
resistance is more than 3 ohms or other problems are noted, replace
passenger-side air bag module. Go to step 8). If resistance is less
than 3 ohms, Go to next step.
Inspect wiring and connections in circuits 607 (Light Blue/
Orange wire) and 616 (Pink/Black wire) for poor crimps, corrosion,
etc. that could cause high resistance. If problems are noted, repair
problems and go to step 8). If no problems are noted, re-examine fault
code and look for causes for intermittent faults. Correct any

1997 Ford Explorer
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST J: LFC 34/DTC B1934 - LOW RESISTANCE OR SHORT
IN DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG CIRCUIT

NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 5).
NOTE:
In the following step, it may be helpful to inspect

clockspring-to-main wiring harness connector for an example
of a normal shorting bar.

next step. If DTC B1934 is not retrieved, examine shorting bars on
driver-side air bag connector. Replace driver-side air bag module if
shorting bars are normal. Go to step 9).
NOTE:

3) Check For DTC B1934

Disconnect Air Bag Simulator from driver-side air bag
connector. Disconnect diagnostic monitor. Set ohmmeter for highest
scale (200K ohms or AUTO). Remove plastic locking wedge from Gray
harness connector at air bag diagnostic monitor. Measure resistance
between diagnostic monitor harness connector terminal No. C232-2 and
C232-3 while turning steering wheel. If resistance is 1M ohm or more,
examine shorting bar and if shorting bar is OK, replace air bag
diagnostic monitor if resistance is not 1M or more. Go to step 9).
4) Check For Harness Short
Disconnect clockspring from main wiring harness at base of
steering column. Measure resistance between terminal No. C232-2 and
C232-3 of diagnostic monitor connector. See Fig. 9. If resistance is 1
MEG ohm or more, check shorting bar on clockspring connector for
proper operation. If shorting bar is OK, replace clockspring. If
resistance is not 1 MEG ohm or more, locate and repair short between
circuits 614 (Gray/Orange wire) and 615 (Gray/White wire). Reconnect
system. Verify system. Reactivate system. Go to step 9).

1997 Ford Explorer

B1934 is retrieved, go to step 6). If DTC is not retrieved , go to
step 9).
6) Check Shorting Bars
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor. Set ohmmeter to lowest
scale (200 ohms or AUTO). Zero ohmmeter by touching leads together.
Remove plastic locking wedge from Gray harness side connector. See
connector terminal No. C232-2 and C232-3 while wiggling wires at
driver-side air bag connector where it mates to clockspring. Subtract
reading found when zeroing ohmmeter. Inspect shorting bars in driverside air bag module, clockspring connector at main wiring harness and
air bag diagnostic monitor. Look for signs of poor operation of these
shorting bars. If problems are noted or resistance reading is less
than 3 ohms, repair problems and go to step 9). If resistance is more
than 3 ohms, go to next step.
7) Check Clockspring
Remove air bag simulator from steering wheel. Measure
resistance between diagnostic monitor harness connector terminal No.
C232-2 and C232-3 while turning steering wheel. See Fig. 9. If
resistance is infinite, replace clockspring if resistance reading
jumps while turning wheel. Go to step 9). If resistance reading is not
infinite, go to next step.
Inspect wiring and connections in circuits 614 (Gray/Orange
wire) and 615 (Gray/White wire). Look for potential intermittent
shorts between these circuits. Examine clockspring wires where
clockspring mates to main harness. Examine clockspring contacts and
driver-side air bag module wires where clockspring mates to driverside air bag module. If problems are noted, repair problems. Replace
clockspring or driver-side air bag module if clockspring or driverside air bag module wires are damaged. Go to step 9). Re-examine fault
code and look for causes of intermittent faults. Service any
intermittent problems and go to step 9).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST K: LFC 35/DTC B1935 - LOW RESISTANCE OR SHORT
IN PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG CIRCUIT

NOTE:

bag system.

1997 Ford Explorer

go to step 4).
NOTE:

under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Connect NGS to DLC.
Perform ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1935 is retrieved, go to next
step. If DTC B1935 is not retrieved, examine shorting bars on
passenger-side air bag connector. Replace passenger-side air bag
module if shorting bars are normal. Go to step 7).
NOTE:

clockspring-to-main wiring harness connector as an example of
a normal shorting bar.
3) Check For Open Circuit

Disconnect air bag simulator from main harness. Disconnect
air bag diagnostic monitor. Set ohmmeter to highest scale (200 ohms or
AUTO). Remove plastic locking wedge from Gray harness connector (C232)
at air bag diagnostic monitor. See Fig. 9. Measure resistance between
diagnostic monitor harness connector terminal No. C232-4 and C232-5.
If resistance is greater than 1M ohm, examine shorting bars on air bag
diagnostic monitor connector. Replace air bag diagnostic monitor if
shorting bars are normal. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to
step 7). If resistance is not greater than 1M ohm, repair circuits 607
(Light Blue/Orange wire) and 616 (Pink/Black wire). Reconnect system.
Verify system. Reactivate system. Go to step 7).
B1935 is retrieved, go to step 5). If DTC B1935 is not retrieved, go
to step 7).
5) Check Shorting Bars
wedge from Gray harness side connector at base of steering column. See
connector terminal No. C-4 and C-5 while wiggling wires at passengerside air bag module connector where it mates to harness. Subtract
reading found when zeroing ohmmeter. If resistance is less than 3 ohms
or other problems are noted, repair problems and go to step 7). If
resistance is more than 3 ohms, go to next step.

1997 Ford Explorer

Inspect wiring and connections in circuits 607 (Light Blue/
Orange wire) and 616 (Pink/Black wire) for poor crimps, corrosion,
etc. that could cause high resistance. If problems are noted, repair
problems and go to step 7). If no problems are noted, re-examine fault
code and look for causes for intermittent faults. Correct any
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST L: LFC 41/DTC B1941 - CENTER/RIGHT IMPACT
SENSOR FEED/RETURN CIRCUIT OPEN

NOTE:

bag system.

DTC B1941 is retrieved, go to next step. If DTC B1941 is not
under DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Disconnect air bag
diagnostic monitor. Set ohmmeter to 200 ohm scale or AUTO. Zero
ohmmeter by touching leads together and record resistance reading.
Measure resistance between air bag diagnostic monitor harness
connector terminal No. C232-16 and C233-24. See Fig. 9. If resistance
is less than 2 ohms, to next step. If resistance is more than 2 ohms,
go to step 4).
3) Check For Short To Battery
With diagnostic monitor disconnected, Turn ignition switch to
RUN position. Measure voltage between ground and terminal No. C232-15,
Fig. 9. If each reading is zero volts, replace diagnostic monitor.
Reconnect system. Verify system. Go to step 10). If any reading is
more than zero volts, repair short to voltage in appropriate circuit
between impact sensor and diagnostic monitor. Go to step 10).
4) Verify Concern
Access right side impact sensor connector C133F. Disconnect
sensor from harness. Measure resistance between terminal No. 1 and 2
If resistance is less than 2 ohms, go to next step. If resistance is
more than 2 ohms, replace right side impact sensor. Verify system. Go
to step 10).

1997 Ford Explorer
5) Check Circuit 617 For Open

Measure resistance between right side air bag sensor
connector C133M-2 circuit 617 (Pink/Orange wire) and diagnostic
monitor connector terminal No. C232-16 circuit 617 (Yellow/White
wire). If resistance is less than 3 ohms, repair circuit 624 (Yellow/
White wire) for open. Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate
system and go to step 10). If resistance is more than 2 ohms, repair
circuit 617 (Pink/Orange wire) for open. Reconnect system. Verify
system. Reactivate system and go to step 10)
B1941 is retrieved, go to step 7). If B1941 is not retrieved, go to
step. 10).
7) Check Wires
Inspect wires, crimps, connectors, etc. on circuits 617 (Pink
/Orange wire) and 624 (Yellow/White wire) for signs of poor
connection. If problems are noted, repair and go to step 10). If no
problems are noted, go to next step.
Inspect circuits 617 (Pink/Orange wire), 619 (Pink/White
wire), 624 (Yellow/White wire), and 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire). If
any problems are noted, repair and go to step 10). If no problems are
noted, go to next step.
9) Check Sensor
Inspect right side impact sensor. Look for signs of
corrosion. If problems are noted, replace impact sensor. Clean
contacts. Go to step 10). If no problems are noted, re-examine fault
code and look for causes of intermittent faults. Go to step 10)
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST M: LFC 42/DTC B1942 - LEFT IMPACT SENSOR
FEED/RETURN CIRCUIT OPEN

NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 6).

1997 Ford Explorer
DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM. Disconnect air bag diagnostic
monitor. Zero ohmmeter by touching leads together and record
resistance reading. Measure resistance between air bag diagnostic
monitor harness connector terminal No. C232-15 and C233-23. See Fig. 9
. If resistance is less than 2 ohms, to next step. If resistance is
more than 2 ohms, go to step 4).
With diagnostic monitor disconnected, Turn ignition switch to
RUN position. Measure voltage between ground and terminal No. C232-15,
Fig. 9. If all readings are more than zero volts, repair appropriate
circuit between impact sensor and diagnostic monitor. Go to step 10).
If any reading is zero volts, replace diagnostic monitor. Reconnect
system. Verify system and go to step 10).
4) Verify Concern
Disconnect left impact sensor. Measure resistance between
circuit 619 (Pink/White wire) and 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire) in
sensor side of connector terminal No. 132F-1 and 132F-2. If resistance
is less than 2 ohms, go to next step. If resistance is more than 2
ohms, replace left impact sensor. Reconnect system, verify system and
go to step 10).
5) Check Circuits 619 For Open
Disconnect air bag diagnostic monitor. Disconnect left impact
sensor. Use ohmmeter to measure resistance of circuit 619 (Pink/White
wire) between left impact sensor connector terminal 132M-2 and
terminal No. C232-15 of air bag diagnostic monitor. If resistance is
less than 2 ohms, repair circuit 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire) for
open. Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate system. Go to step
10). If resistance is more than 2 ohms, repair circuit 619 (Pink/White
wire) for an open. Reconnect system. Verify system. Reactivate system
and go to step 10).
Deactivate system. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST. If DTC B1942 is
retrieved, go to step 7). If DTC B1942 is not retrieved, go to step
10).
7) Check Wires
/White wire) and 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire) for signs of poor
connection. If problems are noted, repair and go to step 10). If
problems are not noted, go to next step.
Inspect circuits 617 (Pink/Orange wire), 619 (Pink/White
wire), 624 (Yellow/White wire), and 625 (Yellow/Light Green wire). If
any problems are noted, repair and go to step 10). If not, go to next

1997 Ford Explorer
step.
9) Check Sensor
Inspect left impact sensor. Look for signs of corrosion. If
problems are noted, replace left impact sensor. If corrosion is noted,
go to step 10). If no problems are noted, re-examine fault code and
look for causes of intermittent faults. Go to step 10).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST N: LFC 44/DTC B1944 - CENTER IMPACT SENSOR NOT

NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 6).
diagnostic monitor. Use ohmmeter to measure resistance between
terminal No. C233-21 and ground. See Fig. 9. If resistance is more
than 3 ohms, go to next step. If resistance is less than 3 ohms, go to
step 5).
3) Check impact Sensor To Ground
Disconnect right impact sensor from harness. Zero multimeter
by touching leads together and record reading. Measure resistance
between ground and circuit 618 (Pink/Light Green wire) in sensor
connector C133F. Subtract recorded reading. If resistance is less than
3 ohms, repair open or high resistance in circuit 618 (Pink/Light
Green wire) between air bag diagnostic monitor and center impact
sensor. Inspect all connections. Reconnect system and go to step 10).
If resistance is not less than 3 ohms, remove screws retaining sensor.
Clean mounting surface of sensor and chassis. Install sensor. Tighten
screws to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Go next step.
4) Check Right Impact Sensor
Use ohmmeter connected to ground to measure resistance
between right impact sensor terminal C133F, circuit 618 (Pink/Light
Green wire). If resistance is less than 3 ohms, reconnect system and
go to step 10). If resistance is more than 3 ohms, replace right
impact sensor. Reconnect system. Go to step 10).

1997 Ford Explorer

Check ground connections and splices in circuit 570 (Black/
White wire) feeding air bag diagnostic monitor harness connector
terminal No. 10 and 18. If any poor connections are noted, correct
problem and if necessary add a ground strap from circuit 570 (Black/
White wire) to one of the diagnostic monitor mounting fasteners.
Connect air bag diagnostic monitor. Verify system and go to step 10).
If connections are okay, replace air bag diagnostic monitor. Reconnect
system. Verify system. Go to step 10).
B1944 is retrieved, go to step 7). If DTC 1944 is not retrieved, go to
step 10).
7) Check Wires
/Light Green wire) for signs of poor connection. Connect NGS to DLC.
Select IABM. Select Pid/Data Monitor and Record. Select Pid CRSHSN1.
Wiggle wires while watching PID. If reading goes greater than 3 ohms,
or other problems are noted, repair and go to step 10). If not, go to
next step.
8) Check Sensor
Inspect right impact sensor for signs of corrosion. Connect
NGS to DLC. Select IABM. Select Pid/Data Monitor and Record. Select
Pid CRSHSN1. Wiggle wires while watching PID. If PID goes greater than
3 ohms, or other problems are noted, replace center impact sensor.
Repair any other problems and go to step 10). If PID does not go
greater than 3 ohms and no other problems are noted, go to next step.
Inspect attachment of ground connections and splices in
circuit 570 (Black/White wire) feeding diagnostic monitor harness
connector terminal No. C232-10 and C232-18. See Fig. 9. If any
problems are noted, repair as necessary. If necessary add ground strap
from circuit 570 (Black/White wire) to one of the diagnostic monitor
mounting fasteners. Connect air bag diagnostic monitor. Go to step
10). If no problems are noted, remove retaining screws for center
impact sensor and clean mounting surface of sensor and chassis.
Install sensor. Tighten screws to specifications. Go to step 10).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST P: LFC 45DTC 1945 - LEFT IMPACT SENSOR NOT

1997 Ford Explorer
NOTE:

bag system.

go to step 6).
diagnostic monitor. Use ohmmeter to measure resistance between
terminal No. C233-20 and ground. See Fig. 9. If resistance is more
than 3 ohms, go to next step. If resistance is less than 3 ohms, go to
step 5).
3) Check Left Impact Sensor Ground
Disconnect left front impact sensor from harness. Zero
multimeter by touching leads together and record reading. Measure
resistance between circuit 620 (Pink/Light Blue wire) in sensor
connector to ground. Subtract recorded reading. If resistance is less
than 3 ohms, locate and repair open or high resistance in circuit 620
(Pink/Light Blue wire) between diagnostic monitor and left impact
sensor. Go to step 10). Check all terminal crimps and splices. Repair
as necessary. If resistance is more than 3 ohms, remove sensor. Clean
sensor mounting surfaces. Reinstall sensor. Go step 4.
4) Check PID CRSHSN2
Zero multimeter by touching leads together and record
reading. Measure resistance between left impact sensor terminal C132F
circuit 620 (Pink/Light Blue wire) and ground. Subtract recorded
reading. If resistance is less than 3 ohms, reconnect system and go to
step 10). If resistance is more than 3 ohms, replace left impact
sensor, reconnect system and go to step 10).
Check ground connection and splices in circuit 570 (Black/
White wire) feeding air bag diagnostic monitor harness connector
terminal No. C232-10 and C232-18. See Fig. 9. Correct poor ground
connections (if necessary) by adding ground strap from circuit 570 (
Black/White wire) to one of the air bag diagnostic monitor mounting
fasteners. Connect air bag diagnostic monitor. Verify system and go to
step 10). If no poor ground connections are found, replace air bag
diagnostic monitor. Reconnect system. Verify system and go to step
10).
B1945 is retrieved, go to step 7). If DTC 1945 not retrieved, go to

1997 Ford Explorer
step 10).
7) Check Wires
/Light Blue wire) for signs of poor connection. Connect NGS to DLC.
Select IABM. Select Pid/Data Monitor and Record. Select Pid CRSHSN2.
Wiggle wires while watching PID. If PID goes greater than 3 ohms, or
other problems are noted, repair and go to step 10). If not, go to
next step.
8) Check Sensor
Inspect left impact sensor for signs of corrosion. Connect
NGS to DLC. Select IABM. Select Pid/Data Monitor and Record. Select
Pid CRSHSN2. Wiggle wires while watching PID. If PID goes greater than
3 ohms, or other problems are noted, Repair any problems and go to
step 10). If does not go greater than 3 ohms, go to next step.
Inspect attachment of ground connections and splices in
circuit 570 (Black/White wire) feeding diagnostic monitor harness
connector terminal No. C232-10 and C232-18. If any problems are noted,
repair. If necessary add ground strap from circuit 570 (Black/White
wire) to one of the diagnostic monitor mounting fasteners. Connect air
bag diagnostic monitor. Go to step 10). If no problems are noted,
remove retaining screws for center impact sensor and clean mounting
surface of sensor and chassis. Install sensor. Tighten screws to
specifications. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Go to step 10).
all DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST Q: LFC24/DTC B1342, B1924 - INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC
MONITOR FAULT
NOTE:

bag system.

DTC B1342/B1924 is retrieved, go to step 2). If DTC B1342/B1924 is not
2) Check If Concern is Module Failure
If DTC B1342 retrieved, replace diagnostic monitor, reconnect
system, verify system, reactivate system and go to step 14.
3) Check Air Bag Sensor Feeds
Turn ignition off, deactivate system and disconnect

1997 Ford Explorer
diagnostic monitor. Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor

C232-18 circuit 570 (Black/White wire) and all of the following
*
*
*
*
C232-15
C232-15
C233-23
C233-24
circuit
circuit
circuit
circuit
619
617
625
624
(Pink/White wire)
(Pink/Orange wire)
(Yellow/Light Green wire)
(Yellow/White wire)
If resistance readings are infinite (open) go to step 6). If

readings are not infinite (open) go to step 4).
4) Check If Sensor Or Wire Is Shorted
Disconnect air bag sensor. Measure resistance between circuit
617 (Pink/Orange wire) and circuit 618 (Pink/Light Green wire)
terminal on right air bag sensor or between circuit 619 (Pink/White
wire) terminal and circuit 620 (Pink/Light Blue wire) on left air bag
sensor. If resistance is infinite (open) go to step 5). If resistance
not open, replace crash sensor and go to step 14).
5) Check For Shorted Sensor Circuit
Measure resistance between air bag diagnostic monitor C232-15
circuit 619 (Pink/white wire)of right crash sensor and ground, and
between diagnostic monitor C232-16 circuit 617 (Pink/Orange wire) of
right crash sensor and ground. If resistance is greater than 1M ohms,
repair circuit 625 of left air bag sensor or circuit 624 of right air
bag sensor. Reconnect system, verify system, reactivate system and go
to step 14). If resistance is not greater than 1M ohms, repair circuit
619 of left air bag sensor or circuit 617 of right air bag sensor.
Reconnect system, verify system, reactivate system and go to step 14).
6) Check For Incorrect Wiring
Examine diagnostic monitor C233-22. If a wire is connected,
correct incorrect wiring, reconnect diagnostic monitor connector and
go to step 14. If a wire is not connected, replace air bag diagnostic
monitor. Reconnect system, verify system, reactivate system and go to
step 14).
7) Check If repaired
Turn ignition off. Deactivate system. Run ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST
. If DTC B1342 is retrieved, go to step 8). If B1342 is not retrieved,
go to step 14).
8) Check Air Bag Sensor Feeds
Turn ignition off. Deactivate system. Disconnect diagnostic
monitor. Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor C232-18 circuit
570 (Black/White) and following diagnostic monitor connectors:
*
*
*
*
C232-15
C232-15
C233-23
C233-24
circuit
circuit
circuit
circuit
619
617
625
624
(Pink/White wire)
(Pink/Orange wire)
(Yellow/Light Green wire)
(Yellow/White wire)

1997 Ford Explorer
If resistances are infinite (open) go to step 11). If

resistances are not infinite (open) go to step 9).
9) Identify Short Circuit
Disconnect suspect air bag sensor. Measure resistance between
circuit 617 (Pink/Orange) terminal and circuit 618 (Pink/Light Green)
terminal on right air bag sensor; or between circuit 619 (Pink/White)
terminal and circuit 620 (Pink/Light Blue) terminal on left air bag
sensor. If resistance is infinite (open) to step 10). If resistance is
not infinite (open) replace air bag sensor. Reconnect system. Go to
step 14).
10) Check Sensor Circuit
Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor C232-15 circuit
619 (Pink/White) of left crash sensor and ground, and between
diagnostic monitor C232-16 circuit 617 (Pink/Orange) of right crash
sensor and ground. If resistance is greater than 1M ohm repair circuit
625 (yellow/Light Green) of left crash sensor or circuit 624
(Yellow/White) of right crash sensor. Reconnect system, verify system,
reactivate system and go to step 14). If resistance is not greater
than 1M ohm repair circuit 619 (Pink/White) of left crash sensor, or
circuit 617 (Pink/Orange) of right crash sensor. Reconnect system,
verify system, reactivate system and go to step 14).
11) Confirm Battery Connection
Measure voltage between diagnostic monitor C232-13 circuit
937 (Red/White) and C232-18 circuit 570 (Black/White). If voltage is
equal to battery voltage, go to step 12. If not, repair circuit 937
(Red/White). Reconnect diagnostic monitor and go to step 14).
12) Check Fuse 4 (10A)
Verify mini fuse 4 (10A) is 10A. If fuse is 10A go to step
13). If not replace fuse with correct value. Reconnect diagnostic
monitor connectors, go to step 14).
13) Check For Short to Battery Voltage
937 (Red/White) and C232-18 circuit 570 (Black/White). If voltage is
zero, replace mini fuse 4 (10A). Replace diagnostic monitor. Reconnect
diagnostic monitor connectors. Reconnect system, reactivate system and
go to step 14). If voltage is not zero, repair circuit 937
(Red/White). Reconnect diagnostic monitor connectors and go to step
14).
14) Check For Short to Battery Voltage
Retrieve continuous DTCs. If any DTCs retrieved, go to proper
test. If no other DTCs retrieved, do not clear DTCs until all DTCs are
resolved. Reactivate system, clear DTCs.
PINPOINT TEST R: MODULE COMMUNICATION ERROR
1) Check Circuit 649 (Black/Orange)For Open

1997 Ford Explorer
Turn ignition off. Deactivate system. Disconnect diagnostic

monitor connector, then turn ignition to RUN position. Measure voltage
between diagnostic monitor C232-6 circuit 364 (Black/Light Green) and
ground. If voltage is equal to battery voltage, go to step 2). If
voltage is not equal to battery voltage, repair circuit 364
(Black/Light Green). Replace fuse 6 (7.5A) if necessary. Go to step
6).
2) Check Circuit 649 (Black/Orange)For Open
Turn ignition off. Measure resistance between diagnostic
monitor C232-18 circuit 570 (Black/White) and ground. If resistance is
less than 3 ohms, go to step 3). If resistance is not less than 3
ohms, repair circuit 570 (Black/White) and go to step 6).
3) Check For Battery Voltage
937 (Red/White) and ground. If voltage equal to battery voltage go to
step 6). If voltage is not equal to battery voltage, go to step 4)
4) Check Battery Fuse
Deactivate system and check mini fuse 4 (10A). If fuse OK, go
to step 6). If fuse not OK, go to step 5).
5) Check For Short In Harness
Replace mini fuse 4 (10A). If fuse fails again, repair
circuit 937 (Red/White). Go to step 6). If fuse does not fail, go to
step 6).
5) Check Module Communications
Turn ignition off. Reconnect system components. Turn ignition
to RUN position. If diagnostic monitor communicates, reactivate
system. If monitor does not communicate, check module communications
network.
PINPOINT TEST S: INOPERATIVE INDICATOR CIRCUIT
1) Understand Function
If function of test is understood, go to step 2). If not,
examine wiring diagram for normal function and go to step 2).
2) Check Other Warning Indicators
Turn ignition off, then to RUN position. If other warning
indicators are inoperative, check electrical system for fault. If no
other warning indicators are inoperative, go to step 3).
3) Check Power Supply To Diagnostic Monitor
Turn ignition off and deactivate system. Remove plastic
locking wedge from diagnostic monitor connector. Turn ignition to RUN
position. Measure voltage between diagnostic monitor C233-11 circuit
608 (Black/Yellow) and C233-10 circuit 570 (Black/White). If voltage
is greater than 10 volts, go to step 6). If voltage is not greater
than 10 volts, to step 4).

1997 Ford Explorer
4) Check Circuit 570 (Black/White) For Open Battery Voltage

608 (Black/Yellow) and ground. If voltage is greater than 10 volts,
deactivate system, repair circuit 570 (Black/White), reconnect system,
reactivate system. If voltage is not greater than 10 volts, go to step
5).
5) Check Circuit 608 (Black/White) For Open
Turn ignition on. Disconnect instrument cluster connector.
Measure resistance between diagnostic monitor C233-11 circuit 608
(Black/Yellow) and instrument cluster C288-4 circuit 608
(Black/Yellow). If resistance is less than 5 ohms, check electrical
system for fault. If resistance is not less than 5 ohms, repair
circuit 608 (Black/Yellow). Reconnect system, reactivate system.
6) Check Bulb Operation
Connect jumper between diagnostic monitor C233-11 circuit 608
(Black/Yellow) and ground. If AIR BAG warning light comes on, replace
air bag diagnostic monitor, reconnect system. Reactivate system. If
warning light does not come on, repair circuit 608 (Black/Yellow).
Reactivate system.
PINPOINT TEST T: INDICATOR LIGHT ON AT ALL TIMES
1) Understand Function
If function of test is understood, go to step 2). If not,
examine wiring diagram for normal function and go to step 2).
2) Check Circuit 608 (Black/White) For Short To Ground
Turn ignition off. Disconnect diagnostic monitor. Remove
plastic locking wedge from diagnostic monitor connector. Turn ignition
on. If AIR BAG warning light comes on, repair circuit 608
(Black/Yellow). Reconnect system, reactivate system. If not, go to
step 3).
3) Check For Short To Battery Voltage
Turn ignition off. Measure voltage between diagnostic monitor
C232-6 circuit 364 (Black/Light Green) and ground. If voltage is less
than 1 volt, go to step 4). If voltage is not less than 1 volt, repair
circuit 364 (Black/Light Green). Reconnect system, reactivate system.
4) Inspect Shorting Bars
If shorting bars on plastic locking wedges are in good
condition, replace diagnostic monitor. Reconnect system, verify
system, reactivate system. If shorting bars are not in good condition,
replace plastic locking wedge. Reconnect system, verify system,
reactivate system.
PINPOINT TEST U: AIR BAG WARNING LIGHT FLASHING, NO DTC
1) Each sensor has 3 wires. The first wire is used for air

1997 Ford Explorer
bag deployment, the second is used to monitor season connector to

diagnostic monitor. The third wire is used to monitor mounting ground
of sensor. If function of test is understood, go to step 2). If not,
examine wiring diagram both air bag sensors are disconnected,
diagnostic monitor will flash AIR BAG warning light continuously at a
rapid rate.
2) If a fault exists in system, a lamp flash code will flash
on AIR BAG warning light but no DTCs will be stored in diagnostic
monitor. DTCs can be retrieved by running ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST but will
not appear when retrieving continuous DTCs. If both sensors are
connected, diagnostic monitor will store DTCs B1941, B1942, B1944 and
B1945. Refer to appropriate test for these DTCs.
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE

-----------------------------------------------------------Application
Ft. Lbs. (N.m)
Steering Wheel Bolt
........................
25-34 (34-46)
INCH Lbs. (N.m)

Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor
Bracket Screws .......................... 97-120 (11-14)
Driver-Side Air Bag Module
Retaining Screws ........................ 90-107 (10-12)
Left Front Sensor Screws .................. 97-120 (11-14)
Right Front Sensor Screws ................. 97-120 (11-14)
Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
Retaining Bolts ........................... 62-97 (7-11)
-----------------------------------------------------------WIRING DIAGRAM

1997 Ford Explorer
Fig. 10:
SRS Wiring Diagram
END OF ARTICLE

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AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

1997 ACCESSORIES/SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Vehicle is equipped with driver-side and passenger-side air

The Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) is designed to

A back-up power supply is used on all models and is located

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

The steering column contains a clockspring contact assembly

The diagnostic monitor is located at center of instrument

The driver-side air bag module is mounted on front face of

The passenger-side air bag module is mounted in right side of

SRS is powered directly from battery and can function with

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

Each impact sensor reacts to impacts according to direction

Fig. 1: Locating SRS Components

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

AIR BAG warning light is prime means of determining SRS

1) When checking SRS operation, and upon completion of each

These precautions should be observed when working with SRS:

Disable SRS before servicing any SRS or steering column

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

After deployment, air bag surface may contain deposits of

DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM

* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

WARNING: Wait one minute after disabling SRS before working on

Following procedure should be used for component replacement

Disconnect negative battery cable and then positive battery

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

Connect positive battery cable and then negative battery

WARNING: Back-up power supply will hold a deployment charge for

Complete system deactivation sequence is required

Vehicle was involved in a collision, air bags did not

1) Disconnect negative and positive battery cable Wait at

Fig. 2: Installing Driver-Side Air Bag Simulator

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

COMPLETE SYSTEM REACTIVATION

1) Disconnect negative and positive battery cables. Remove

* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

WARNING: Refer to SERVICE PRECAUTIONS before proceeding.

Scrapping vehicle with

deployed air bag.

AIR BAG DISPOSAL PROCEDURES TABLE

If an undeployed air bag module is diagnosed as faulty,

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

CAUTION: DO NOT dispose of undeployed air bag modules without first

When a vehicle has been involved in a collision, certain

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

WARNING: Failure to follow service precautions may result in air bag

1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable SRS.

Service replacement clockspring will contain a Red plastic

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

Fig. 3: Removing Clockspring From Steering Column

CAUTION: When replacing air bag diagnostic monitor, with blown

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

Fig. 4: Removing Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor

1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable SRS.

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

2) Remove 2 cover plugs from rear of steering wheel. Remove

Fig. 5: Removing Driver-Side Air Bag Module

1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable SRS.

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM

Fig. 6: Removing/Installing Passenger-Side Air Bag

AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM