3.

0 Mass Balance

Palm oil= 522.02 kg/h

Soybean oil= 97.33 kg/h
Palm kernel oil= 88.48 kg/h
Monoglyceride= 4.42 kg/h
Lecithin=4.42 kg/h

Water= 141.57 kg/h

Skimmed Milk Powder= 17.70kg/h
Salt= 8.84 kg/h
Stream 2

Stream 1
Fat Phase Tank
Stream 3

Stream 4

713.09 kg/h

Water Phase
Tank

167.27 kg/h

Mixing Tank
Stream 5

875.95 kg/h

Emulsifying
Tank

SSHE
(Pasteurization)

SSHE

Pre-Crystallizing

0.5 % loss

Stream 8

SSHE
(Crystallizing)

0.5 % loss

Stream 9

Pin Rotor
Machine
854.27 kg/h

0.5 % loss

Stream 7

867.21 kg/h

858.56 kg/h

0.5 % loss

Stream 6

871.57 kg/h

862.87 kg/h

0.5 % loss

0.5 % loss

Stream 10

Filling and
Packaging

0.5 % loss

Stream 11
1
850 kg/h Margarine

Mass balance calculations

1. (a) Fat Phase Tank
Total mass flow rate in the fat phase tank
= 522.02+97.33+88.48+4.42+4.42
= 716.67 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the fat phase tank
= Total mass flow rate in the fat phase tank x 99.5%
= 716.67x 99.5%
= 713.09 kg/h
(b) Aqueous Phase Tank
Total mass flow rate in the aqueous phase tank
= 141.57+17.70+8.84
= 168.11 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the aqueous phase tank
= Total mass flow rate in the aqueous phase tank x 99.5%
=168.11x 99.5%
= 167.27 kg/h

2. Mixing Tank
Total mass flow rate in the mixing tank
= 713.09+167.27
= 880.35 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the mixing tank
= Total mass flow rate in the mixing tank x 99.5%
= 880.35 x 99.5%
= 875.95 kg/h

3. Emulsifying tank
Total mass flow rate in the emulsifying tank
= 875.95 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the emulsifying tank
2

= Total mass flow rate in the emulsifying tank x 99.5%

= 875.95 x 99.5%
= 871.57 kg/h
4. Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger, SSHE (Pasteurization)
Total mass flow rate in the scraped surface heat exchanger
= 871.57 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the scraped surface heat exchanger
= Total mass flow rate in the scraped surface heat exchanger x 99.5%
= 871.57 x 99.5%
= 867.21 kg/h
5. Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger, SSHE (Pre-Crystallizing)
Total mass flow rate in the scraped surface heat exchanger
= 867.21 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the scraped surface heat exchanger
= Total mass flow rate in the scraped surface heat exchanger x 99.5%
= 867.21 x 99.5%
= 862.87 kg/h
6. Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger, SSHE (Crystallizing)
Total mass flow rate in the scraped surface heat exchanger
= 862.87 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the scraped surface heat exchanger
= Total mass flow rate in the scraped surface heat exchanger x 99.5%
= 862.87x 99.5%
= 858.56 kg/h
7. Pin Rotor Machine (Kneading)
Total mass flow rate in the pin rotor machine
= 858.56 kg/h
3

Total mass flow rate out of the pin rotor machine

= Total mass flow rate in the pin rotor machine x 99.5%
= 858.56x 99.5%
= 854.27 kg/h
8. Filling and Packaging Machine
Total mass flow rate in the filling and packaging machine
= 854.27 kg/h
Total mass flow rate out of the filling and packaging machine
= Total mass flow rate in the filling and packaging machine x 99.5%
= 854.27x 99.5%
= 850 kg/h

4.0 Energy Balance

Fat phase

Aqueous phase

Palm oil
59%

Water

Soybean oil
11%

Skimmed milk powder

2%

Palm kernel oil

10 %

Salt

Monoglyceride

16%

4
1%

250C

250C

6.63 kW

13.51 kW
(Heat needed)

600C

(Heat needed)

13.74 kW
850C
Pre- crystallizing
55 0C

(Heat needed)
59.577 kW
(Heat released)
18.11 kW

22 0C

(Heat released)

4.1 Heating sections

250C fat phase raw materials heated to 600C

250C

Fat phase tank

600C

Mass flow rate,

Palm oil

= 522.02 kg/h
= 0.15kg/s

Soybean oil

= 97.33 kg/h
=0.03kg/s

Palm kernel oil

= 88.48 kg/h
=0.02kg/s

Specific heat capacity, CP

Palm oil

= 1.861 kJ/kg. oC

Soybean oil

= 1.650 kJ/kg. oC

Palm kernel oil

= 2.508 kJ/kg. oC

Temperature

Inlet

= 25 0C

Outlet

= 60 0C

Heat load, Q

= Cp T
= (0.15 x 1.861x 60-25) + (0.03 x 1.650 x 60-25) + (0.02 x
2.508 x 60-25)

= 9.77 + 1.98 + 1.76

=13.51 kW (heat needed)

250C aqueous phase raw materials heated to 600C

250C

Aqueous phase tank

600C

Mass flow rate,

Water

= 141.57 kg/h
=0.04kg/s

Skimmed milk powder

= 17.70 kg/h
3
= 4.92 x 10 kg/s

Salt

= 8.84 kg/h
3
= 2.46 x 10 kg/s

Specific heat capacity, CP

Water

= 4.186 kJ/kg. oC

Skimmed milk powder

Salt

= 4.000 kJ/kg. oC

= 0.880 kJ/kg. oC

Temperature
Inlet

= 25 0C

Outlet

= 60 0C

Heat load, Q

= Cp T
3
= (0.04 x 4.186 x 60-25) + ( 4.92 x 10

( 2.46 x 10

x 4 x 60-25) +

x 0.88 x 60-25)

= 5.86+ 0.69+0.08
= 6.63 kW (Heat needed)

600C margarine mix heated to 850C

600C

Scraped surface heat

exchanger

Mass flow rate,

871.57 kg/h =0.24kg/s

Specific heat capacity, CP

850C

(Pasteurization)

2.29 kJ/kg. oC

Temperature

Inlet

= 60 0C

Outlet

= 85 0C

Heat load, Q

= Cp T
= 0.24 x 2.29 x (85-60)
= 13.74 kW (Heat needed)

4.2 Cooling sections

850C margarine mix cooled to 550C
850C

Scraped surface heat

exchanger

Mass flow rate,

867.21 kg/h= 0.24kg/s

Specific heat capacity, CP

2.29 kJ/kg. oC

550C

(Pre-Crystallizing)

Temperature

Inlet

= 85 0C

Outlet

= 55 0C

Heat load, Q

= Cp T
= 0.24 x 2.29 x (85-55)
= 16.55 kW ( Heat released)

550C margarine mix cooled to 220C

550C

Scraped surface heat

exchanger

Mass flow rate,

862.87 kg/h = 0.24kg/s

Specific heat capacity, CP

2.29 kJ/kg. oC

220C

(Crystallizing)

Temperature

Inlet

= 55 0C

Outlet

= 22 0C

Heat load, Q

= Cp T
= 0.24 x 2.29 x (55-22)
= 18.11kW (Heat released)

10