Grammar

BE: PRESENT SIMPLE

(Be: ser, estar o tenir)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + (am/is/are)

Ex: Im from Moi.
Negatiu: Subjecte+ (am not/isnt/arent) Ex: She isnt in class. (No s a
clase)
Interrogatiu: (Am/Is/Are)+ subjecte
Ex: Is Rooney from Liverpool?
(En Rooney s de Liverppol?)
Respostes: Yes+subjecte+(Am,is,are) o No+subjecte+(am not/ isnt/
arent)
HAVE GOT: PRESENT SIMPLE

(Have: tenir )

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + (have got/ has got) + objecte directe.

Negatiu : Subjecte +( havent got/ hasnt got)
hasnt got any brothers
Interrogatiu: (Have/Has) + subjecte + got+ objecte directe.
got a sister?

Ex: Kelly
Ex: Has Anna

Respostes: Yes +subjecte+ (have/has) o No +subjecte+(havent/hasnt)

CAN/CANT

(Can: poder o saber)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + Can + infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: I

can play de guitar
Negatiu : Subjecte + Cant+ infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: I
cant help you
Interrogatiu: Can + subjecte +infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex:
Can you swim?
Respostes: Yes +subjecte+ Can o No +subjecte+ cant.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + present simple de be+ verb ing.

a chocolate cake.
Negatiu: Subjecte+ negatiu de be + verb-ing.
reading his email.
Interrogatiu: (Am/Is/Are) + subjecte+ verb-ing.
chatting?

Ex: Im eating
Ex: She isnt
Ex: Are you

Respostes: Yes+subjecte+(Am,is,are) o No+subjecte+(am not/ isnt/

arent)

PRESENT SIMPLE
Afirmatiu: Subjecte + Verb. (he/she/it +verb+s)
Ex: He plays
Chess.
Negatiu: Subjecte+ (dont/doesnt)+ infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: Anna doesnt
need any help.(sense -s)
Interrogatiu: (Do/Does)+ subjecte+infinitiu del verb sense to.
Ex: Does Anna like
jazz?(sense -s)
Respostes: Yes+subjecte+(do/does) o No+subjecte+(dont/doesnt)

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
[always-usually-often-sometimes-hardly ever-never] (Es col.loquen davant del verb!)
El PRESENT CONTINUOUS sutilitza tamb per plans de futur. Ex: What are you doing tomorrow?

PAST SIMPLE (El verb en( ed) en cas que sigui regular, si es iregular es la segona columna: past simp

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + infinitiu del verb sense to+ -ed.

Ex: I watched.
Negatiu : Subjecte + didnt+ infinitiu del verb sense to.
Ex: She didnt finish her dinner.
Interrogatiu: Did + subjecte +infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: Did Harry believe you? (believe:
Respostes: Yes +subjecte+Did o No +subjecte+ didnt.

COULD/COULDNT
( Could: poder o saber )
Afirmatiu: Subjecte + Could + infinitiu del verb sense to.
Ex: I could read
when I was three
Negatiu : Subjecte + Couldnt+ infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: She couldnt
go to the party.
Interrogatiu: Could + subjecte +infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: Could you talk
when you were two?
Respostes: Yes +subjecte+ Could o No +subjecte+ couldnt.
WAS/WERE

(Was/Were: era,estava)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte +( Was/Were).

party last night.
Negatiu : Subjecte + (Wasnt/Werent).
home
Interrogatiu: (Was/Were) + subjecte.
nervous?

Ex: I was at a
Ex: I wasnt at
Ex: Were you

Respostes: Yes +subjecte+ (Was/Were) o No +subjecte+(

Wasnt/Werent)

PAST CONTINUOUS (accions que estaves fent en un moment determinat del

pasat)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + (Was/Were)+ verb-ing

was watching TV.
Negatiu : Subjecte + (Wasnt/Werent)+ verb-ing.
listening.
Interrogatiu: Was/Were + subjecte+ verb-ing
listening to Txarango?

Ex: Last night I

Ex: I wasnt
Ex: Were you

Respostes: Yes +subjecte+ (Was/Were) o No +subjecte+

( Wasnt/Werent)
ADVERBS
La majoria dadverbis es formen amb ladjectiu ly . Ex: Quick: Quickly /
Funny: Funnily
Ladverbi derivat de good s well. Alguns adjectius com late/early/fast tenen
formes idntiques.
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Davant els contables sutilitza a/an i the o un numeral. Ex: an apple/ the apple/
two apples
Els incontables no tenen forma de plural .El verb sempre va en singular. Ex: The
bread is on the table.
Els incontables no poden anar amb a/an o the pero s podem utilitzar some o any.
SOME AND ANY ( per contables i incontables),( algun/alguna , gens de/una mica de)
Some sutilitza en les frases afirmatives . Ex: Ive got some biscuits.
En les oracions negatives i interogatives shi fa servir any. Ex: We havent got any
biscuits./ Is there any videos?
En les oracions interogatives quan sofareix o es demana alguna utilitzarem some. Ex: Do
you want some pears?
MUCH(gaire), MANY(gaires) ,A LOT OF(molt,molta,molts,moltes)
Much sutilitza en substantius incontables en negatives i interogatives. Ex: Is there
much juce?
Many sutilitza en substantius comptables en en negatives i interogatives en plural. Ex:
Are there many biscuits?A lot of s fa servir en comptables i incontables en afirmatiu.
Ex: There are a lot of dirty dishes.
HOW MUCH...?(Quant,quanta) HOW MANY..?(Quants,quantes)
How much es fa servir per substantius incontables. Ex: How much bread
have you got?
How many es fa servir per substantius contables en plural. Ex: How many
tickets did she buy?

HAVE GOT (obligaci o nececitat de fer alguna cosa)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + (Have to/Has to)+ infinitiu.

Ex: Sarah has to help her
mother.
Negatiu : Subjecte + (Dont/Doesnt)+Have to+ infinitiu. Ex: Kelly doesnt have to
do the cooking.
Interrogatiu: Do/Does + subjecte+ have to+infinitiu.
Ex: Do you have to help
witch the housework?

Respostes: Yes +subjecte+ (Do/Does) o No +subjecte+( dont/doesnt)

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Si un adjectiu te una sola sil.laba shi afegeix er.
Ex: tall-taller
Si acaba en una e muda shi afegeix r. Ex: wide-wider.
Si acaba en consonant i y , la y es transforma en i + -er. Ex: friendlyfriendlier.
Si acaba en una vocal i una consonant , la consonant es duplica i
safegeix er. Ex: big-bigger.Si te dues sil.labes o ms, es col.loca more
davant. Ex: expensive-more expensive
Formes Irregulars: good-better / bad-worse / far-further
Sutilitzen per comparar . Ex: Granada is big,but Sevilla es bigger.
O tamb per per comparar dues coses o persones. Ex: Ann is taller than
Beth.

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Si ladjectiu te una sil.laba shi afegeix est. Ex: Tall-tallest
Si acaba en una e muda ,shi afegeix st. Ex: Wide-widest
Si acaba en vocal i consonant , la consonant final es duplica i safegeix est. Ex: big-biggest.
Si acaba en consonant i y , la y es transforma en i + -est. Ex: friendly-friendliest
Si te dues sil.labes o ms es col.loca most davant. Ex: expensive- most expensive
Formes irregulars: good-best/bad-worst/far-furthest
El superlatiu es forma col.locant the davant ladjectiu . Ex: big- the biggest(per comparar tres
o ms i indicar que es superior a laltre).

PRESENT PERFECT( estat o acci que te inici en el pasat i continua en aquest moment,
descriure coses del pasat)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + (have/has)+ participi pasat del verb. Ex: Sarah has finihed
her homework
Negatiu : Subjecte + (havent/hasnt)+ participi pasat del verb. Ex: I havent
studied for this exam.
Interrogatiu: Have/has+ subjecte+ participi pasat del verb .
-Just: El present perfect amb just es fa servir per una acci que acaba de pasar .Ex: Ive just
sent him an email.
El verb en( ed) en cas que sigui regular, si es iregular es la tercera columna: past participle
. Ex: see-saw-seen

FOR AND SINCE (sutilitzen en el present perfect per parlar de la durada de la situaci o
acci)
For sutilitza per dir el temps que fa que dura lacci. Ex: Harry has known Sarah for six
months. (des de )
Since sutilitza per dir el moment en qu va comencar lacci. Ex: Harry has know Sarah
since September. (des del)
HOW LONG? ( per preguntar quant temps ha durat lacci en el pasat i que continua
ara) en present perfect.
Ex: How long have you lived here?
WILL/WONT (per parlar del futuro fer predici)

Afirmatiu: Subjecte + will+infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: Ill phone you later.
(et trucar mes tard)
Negatiu : Subjecte + wont+ infinitiu del verb sense to . Ex:She wont be at
school today.
Interrogatiu: Will+ subjecte+ infinitiu del verb sense to. Ex: Will you phone
before six oclock?

Respostes: (Yes+subjecte+will) o (No+subjecte+wont)

FIRST CONDITIONAL (per parlar duna situaci que es pot esdevenir i es probable que
sesdevingui en lara o futur)

Afirmatiu: If+Subjecte+present simple,subjecte+will+ infinitiu del verb sense to.

Ex: If you give me the ball, Ill show you how to do it. (si emb dones la
pilota,tensayar com es fa)
Negatiu : If+Subjecte+present simple,subjecte+wont+ infinitiu del verb sense
to.
Ex: If I watch the film at 10:00pm, I wont go to bed early. ( si miro la pelicul.la ,
no anire el llit dora)

PRESENT PASIVE
Afirmatiu: Subjecte + verb be+participi pasat .Ex: Paella is made witch rice.( La
paella es fa amb arrs)
Negatiu : Subjecte + negatiu del verb be+participi pasat. Ex: Oranges arent
grown in Britain
Interrogatiu: Am/are/is+ subjecte+ participi pasat. Ex: Are the potatoes fried?
( frageixen)
Respostes: (Yes+subjecte+am/are/is) o (No+subjecte+am not/isnt/arent)

IRREGULAR VERBS

Base
Form
Be
become

Past
Simple
was/were
became

Base
Form
Read
ride

Past
Simple
read
rode

Past
Particip.
read
ridden

begin

began

bite
break
bring
build
burn
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw

bit
broke
brought
built
burned/bur
nt
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drew

ser/estar
esdeven
ir
begun
comen
ar
bitten
mosegar
broken
trencar
brought
portar
built
construir
burned/burn cremar
t
bought
comprar
caught
agafar
chosen
escollir
come
venir
cost
costar
cut
tallar
done
fer
drawn
dibuixar

ring

rang

rung

llegeir
monta
r
so,truc

run
say
see
sell
send

ran
said
saw
sold
sent

run
said
seen
sold
sent

corre
dir
veure
vendre
enviar

shine
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand

shone
shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke
spent
stood

shone
shut
sung
sat
slept
spoken
spent
stood

somniar
beure
conduir

steal
swim
swing

stole
swam
swung

stolen
swum
swung

eaten
fallen

menjar
caure

take
teach

took
taught

taken
taught

fed

fed

tell

told

told

feel
fight
find

felt
fought
found

felt
fought
found

alimenta
r
sentir
lluitar
trobar

think
throw
wake

thought
threw
woke

thought
thrown
woken

fly
forget

flew
forgot

flown
forgotten

volar
oblidar

wear
win

wore
won

worn
won

freeze

froze

frozen

conjelar

write

wrote

written

brillar
trencar
cantar
seure
dormir
parlar
gastar
estar
drt
robar
nadar
gronxa
r
agafar
enseny
a
explica
r
pensar
llenar
desper
t
posat
guany
ar
escriur
e

dream
drink
drive

dreamt
drank
drove

dreamt
drunk
driven

eat
fall

ate
fell

feed

get
give
go
grow
have
hear
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
learn

got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
learnt/learn
ed
left
lent
let
lost
made

got
given
gone
grown
had
heard
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
learnt/learn
ed
left
lent
let
lost
made

aconseguir
donar
anar
creixer
tenir
sentir oda
golpejar
subjectar
fer mal
guardar
saber
apendre

leave
lend
let
lose
make

Past
Participle
been
become

marxar
deixar
permetre
perdre
fer

meet
pay
put

met
paid
put

met
paid
put

coneixer
pagar
posar