9/15/2016

CentrifugalPumpPipingDesignLayout

CentrifugalPumpPipingDesignLayout
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LayoutarrangementforCentrifugalPumpPiping
1.GENERAL

Thedesignofapipingsystemcanhaveanimportanteffectonthesuccessfuloperationofacentrifugal
pump.Suchitemsaspumpdesign,suctionpipingdesign,suctionanddischargepipesizeandpipe
supportsmustallbecarefullyconsidered.Atypicalhorizontalcentrifugalpumpinstallationisillustrated
inFig.CPP1,CPP2,CPP3.
Selectionofthedischargepipesizeisprimarilyamatterofeconomics.Thecostofvariouspipesizesmust
becomparedtothepumpsizeandpowercostrequiredtoovercometheresultingfrictionhead.
1.1Thesuctionpipingsizeanddesignisfarmoreimportant.Manycentrifugalpumptroublesarecaused
bypoorsuctionconditions.
1.2Thesuctionpipeshouldneverbesmallerthanthesuctionnozzleofthepumpandinmostcasesit
shouldbeatleastonesizelarger.Suctionpipesshouldbeasshortandasstraightaspossible.
Suctionpipevelocitiesshouldbeinthe1.01.5metrepersecondrange,unlesssuctionconditionsare
unusuallygood.Highervelocitieswillincreasethefrictionlossandcanresultintroublesomeairandvapour
separation.Thisisfurthercomplicatedwhenelbowsorteesarelocatedadjacenttothepumpsuction
nozzle.Inthatcaseunevenflowpatternsorvapourseparationkeepstheliquidfromevenlyfillingthe
impeller.Thisupsetshydraulicbalanceleadingtonoise,vibration,possible
cavitationandexcessiveshaftdeflection.Cavitation,erosiondamage,shaftbreakageor
permaturebearingfailureetc.mayresult.
1.3Onpumpinstallationsinvolvingsuctionlift,airpocketsinthesuctionlinecanbeasourceoftrouble.The
suctionpipeshouldbeexactlyhorizontalorwithauniformslopeupwardfromthesumptothepumpas
illustratedinFig.CPP7.Thereshouldbenohighspotswhereaircancollectandcausethepumptoloseits
prime.Eccentricratherthanconcentricreducerswithflatsidetopshouldalwaysbeused.
1.4Ifanelbowisrequiredatthesuctionofadoublesuctionpump,itshouldbeinaverticalpositionifatall
possible.Whereitisnecessaryforsomereasontouseahorizontalelbow,itshouldbealongradiuselbow
andthereshouldbeaminimumoffivediametersofstraightpipebetweenelbowandthepumpsuctionas
illustratedinFig.CPP9.
2.LOCATION

2.1Commonlocationofpumpsinchemicalandpetrochemicalplantisunderthepiperackatgrade.
Pumpsaretobeplacedclosetoandbelowthevesselsfromwhichtheytaketheirsuctioninordertohave
netpositivesuctionhead(NPSH)requiredbythepump.

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2.2Anyreductioninsuctionlinesizerequiredatpumpsshouldbemadewitheccentricreducers,withflat
sideuptoavoidaccumulationofvapourpocket.Changesindirectionofsuctionlinesshouldbeatleast
600mmawayfromthepumpsuction.
2.3Pumpsshouldbearrangedinlinewithdriversfacingtheaccessgangway.Clearancesandpiping
shouldprovidefreeaccesstoonesideofthedriverandpump.Theremustbegoodaccesstogland/seal
andcouplingwheremostofthemaintenanceandadjustmentsaredone.
2.4Withnormalpiperackcolumnspacingof6m,itisgenerallyfoundthatonlytwopumpsofaveragesize
canbearrangedbetweenthecolumns,withapreferredclearanceof1mbetweenthepumps.
Theclearancebetweenanystructure/steelworkandthepumpdischargelineshallbe0.75mminimum.For
smallpumpsupto18KW,clearancebetweenpumpsshouldbe0.9mminimum.Aspaceof22.5m
shouldbeprovidedforworkingaisle.
AtypicalarrangementofpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP4,CPP5,CPP6.
2.5Meansofliftingshouldbeprovidedforpumpsormotorweighingmorethan25Kg.
3.StepstodoPumpPiping

Step1:CollecttheP&IDandthepumpdatasheet.
Step2:Studythepumpdatasheetandcollectthesimilar(capacity/head)pumpdimensions/nozzle
position.
Step3:Analysethelocationandthespaceprovidedintheunitplotplanw.r.t.suctionanddischargeline
routing.
Step4:Reviewthemaintenance/operationspacearoundandliftingfacility.
Step5:Locatethecontrolstation,Electricalpushbuttonstation,Electricaltrench,processfluiddrain,
flushing/coolingconnectionasrequiredforthepumpmodel.
Step6:Checkelevationsofallvalvehandwheelsonsuctionaswellasdischargelineandprovidecommon
platformforvalveoperation,ifrequired.
Step7:MakeIsosketchforsuctionanddischargelinewithalltheitemsasperP&IDanddiscusswith
processengineerforanychange.
Step8:Finalisesupportsofthelineandissueforstressanalysis,ifrequired.
Step9:GetthestressanalysisreportforNozzleloads.Comparetheallowableloadswiththeactualloadfor
anychange&finalisation.
Step10:Finaliselocationofpump/drainortrench/Electricalcablerouteandissuecivilinformationtocivil
forfoundationdesign.
Step11:Keepnecessaryinsertplateonthefoundationblockforsupportofpushbuttonswitch,smalllines
forflushing/coolingmanifold.
4.PUMPPIPING:

4.1HORIZONTALCENTRIFUGALPUMP:
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AtypicalhorizontalcentrifugalpumpsuctionanddischargepipingarrangementsisillustratedinFig.CPP7.
4.2Pumpsuctionpipingshallbeasshortaspossibleandshallbearrangedsothatvapourpocketsare
avoided.
4.3Reducersimmediatelyconnectedtothepumpsuctionshallbeeccentrictypeflatsideuptoavoid
accumulationofgaspocket.
4.4Forendsuctionpumps,elbowsshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtothesuctionflange.Astraightpiece3
timesthelinesizeshallhavetobeprovidedatthesuctionnozzle.ThisisillustratedinFig.CPP8.
TheeffectofelbowdirectlyonsuctionisillustratedinFig.CPP9.
4.5Fortopsuction,pumpelbowshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtosuctionflange.Astraightpieceof
minimum5timesthenozzlesizeshallhavetobeprovidedatthesuctionnozzle.
4.6Ttypestrainersaretobeusedforpermanentaswellastemporarytoavoiddisassemblyofsuction
pipingforstrainercleaning.
4.7Pipingshallbesoarrangedthatforcesandmomentsimposedonthepumpnozzlesdonotexceedthe
allowablevaluesspecifiedbythevendor.
4.8Whenasuctionvesseloperatesundervacuumtheventconnectionofthepumphastobepermanently
connectedtovapourspaceofthesuctionvesseltoallowpossiblefillingofthepumpwithliquidbeforeitis
started.
4.9Forpumpshandlinghotfluid,thefirstfactorconcernsthesupportofpumppipingwhichoftenincludes
largeexpansionloopsforflexibility.Whenthepumpsarelocatedbelowthepiperack(toreducepossibilityof
hydrogenleakageovermotor),supportbecomeseasyotherwisethedesignershouldconsultstress
engineerforbestlocationofstopsandhanger.Withtheoptimumlayoutandsupport,itistobeensuredthat
theloadingsonthepumpnozzlesarenotexceededbeyondtheallowablelimits.
4.10Pipingconfigurationforagroupofpumpsofsimilarsizeshallfollowidenticalpatternandthestress
analysisofonepumppipingshouldbeapplicabletotheotherpumps.
4.11AuxiliaryPumpPipingArrangements:
TheAuxiliarypipingareusuallycoolingwatertomechanicalseals,bearings,stuffingboxes,glandquench
andlanternringflush.
Whenpumpfluidisused,alineisattachedtotheventconnectiononthepumpcase.Thecirculatedseal
fluidhastobesentbacktopumpstreamorreferredthroughthesealtopumpinternalclearances.
Inviscousorhightemperaturehydrocarbonliquids,thesealfluidmediumcirculatesfromexternalsource
throughconnectionsonthepumpseal.
VariousAuxiliarypipingplanisrecommendedinAPI610forproperselectionaccordingtodesign
requirements.
4.12PumpvendorsusuallysupplytheAuxiliarypipingandtheneatarrangementsofthesepipingand
itssupportaretobeensuredbythedesignerwhilereviewingthevendordocument.Fig.CPP10illustrates
onetypicalAuxiliarypipingarrangementonthepumpbaseplate.
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4.13AtypicalarrangementforpipingandvalvesoperationisillustratedinFig.CPP11withmaintenance
andoperationaccess.
4.14Atypicalsuctionanddischargepipingarrangementwithcommonplatformforoperationofvalves
connectedtotwoadjacentpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP12andCPP13.
5.SUCTIONBASINOFPUMP

5.1Thebasinfortheintakeofcentrifugalpumpshallbedesignedandsizedproperlyforsmoothfunctionof
thepump.TherecommendationsofhydraulicinstituteareillustratedinFig.CPP14.
5.2Theflowoffluidtothesuctionbellshouldbeeven,smoothandstreamlinedwithoutanyvortices.
5.3Atypicalsumpwiththecomponentsandrelativedimensionsofclearanceandsubmergenceis
illustratedinFig.CPP15.
5.4Formultiplepumpinstallationswithhighcapacitypumps,theanalysisofaproposedintakedesignare
oftenmadebyuseofascalemodeloftheintakebasinwithallpartssuchasbaffles,screens,gates,
separatingwallsetc.
Thelargebasinisrequiredtoensurelowinletvelocity(approx.2ft.persec.)andtoeliminatevortexingat
thebellmouth.
5.5AtypicalsumppitwithpumpisillustratedinFigCPP16.Thissumpisthecollectionpitofwastematerial
comingthroughapipeline.Ascreenatthemouthofthepumpavoidschoking/foulingofthepumpduring
operation.Thedischargeofthepumpmaygotoaslopetank/pond/wasteremovaltanker.
FigCPP1:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Type1)

FigCPP2:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Type2)

FigCPP3:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Impeller)

FigCPP4:Typicalpumplocationplan

FigCPP5:TypicalaccessforMaintenance

FigCPP6:TypicalpumplocationsElevation

FigCPP7:Airpocketsinsuctionpiping

FigCPP8:Typicalpumpsuction&dischargepiping

FigCPP9:Elbowatpumpsuction

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FigCPP10:Typicalauxiliarypumppiping

FigCPP11:Maintenance&operationaccessrequirements

FigCPP12:Typicalsuction/dischargepiping,plan&elevation

FigCPP13:Typicalsuction/dischargepiping,frontview

FigCPP14:Multiplepumpinstallation(Verticalpumps)

FigCPP15:Sumpdimensions,planview,wetpittypepumps

FigCPP16:Typicalsumpwithpump

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