NEET Biology: Medical Entrance Biology Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions on Nucleic Acid (DNA)

1. Who introduced the term Nucleic Acid?
a) Meisher
b) Robert Brown
c) Lipmann
d) Altmann
2. Hereditary information is indicated by
a) Sequence of nucleic acids
b) Position of nucleic acid
c) Number of nucleic acid
d) All of these
3. The strongest evidence that DNA is the genetic material comes from
a) The finding DNA is not present in the cytoplasm
b) The fact that chromosome are made of DNA
c) Studies of Bacterial transformation
d) The knowledge that DNA is present in the nucleus
4. Who among the following scientists developed cytochemical technique for the
detection of DNA?
a) Feulgen and Rossenbeck
b) Watson and Crick
c) Beadle and Tatum
d) Knoll and Ruska
5. Which of the following scientists demonstrated that DNA A=T and G=C?
a) Griffth
b) Meselson and Stahl
c) Hershey and Chase
d) Chargaff
6. Which ratio is constant for DNA?
a) A+G / T+C
b) A + T / G+ C
c) A+ C/ U+G
d) A+ U/ C+G
7. The dye involved in Feulgen reaction to stain DNA is
a) Janus green B
b) Basic Fuchsin
c) Neutral Red
d) Haemoxylin
8. If 30% of an organisms DNA is thymine, then
a) 70% guanine
b) 20% is guanine
c) 30% adenine
d) both b and c

9. Hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine are

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
10. Nucleotide arrangement in DNA can be seen by
a) Light microscope
b) Electron microscope
c) X-Ray crystallography
d) Ultracentrifuge

Answers
1. d) Altmann
2. a) Sequence of nucleic acids
3. c) Studies of Bacterial transformation
4. a) Feulgen and Rossenbeck
5. d) Chargaff
6. a) A+G / T+C
7. b) Basic Fuchsin
8. d) both b and c
9. c) 3
10. c) X-Ray crystallography
MCQ on Biochemistry - Nucleic acids (RNA)
1. RNA is the genetic material in
a) Viruses only
b) In some viruses and some prokaryotes
c) In some viruses and some prokaryotes and rarely in eukaryotes
d) Only in some viruses
2. RNA is
a) Single stranded
b) Double stranded
c) Triple stranded
d) Both a and b
3. The sugar in RNA is
a) Deoxyribose
b) Ribose
c) Hexose
d) Fructose
4. Nucleotides in RNA are joined by
a) 35 phosphodiester bond
b) 34 phosphodiester bond
c) 32 phosphodiester bond
d) 36 phosphodiester bond
5. Thymine in DNA is replaced by
a) Guanine in RNA
b) Adenine in RNA
c) Cytosine in RNA
d) Uracil in RNA
6. The most abundant type of RNA in the cell is
a) rRNA
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) hnRNA
7. Which of the following RNA serves as adaptor molecule during protein synthesis
a) rRNA
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) hnRNA
8. rRNA is synthesised in
a) nucleus
b) Cytoplasm
c) RER
d) Nucleolus
9. cDNA is
a) complementary to mRNA
b) complementary to rRNA
c) complementary to tRNA
d) complementary to hnRNA
10. Amino acids are attached to the
a) acceptor arm of tRNA
b) anti-codon arm of tRNA
c) codon arm of tRNA
d) none of these

11. Ribozymes are

a) enzymes with catalytic activity
b) RNAs with catalytic activity
c) proteins with catalytic activity
d) nucleic acids with catalytic activity
12. RNA is primarily seen in
a) nucleus
b) Cytoplasm
c) RER
d) SER
13. Ribose sugar in RNA is
a) D-ribose
b) L-ribose
c) Both L and D form
d) None of these
14. Which of the virus has double stranded RNA as genetic material?
a) Tobacco mosaic virus
b) Influenza virus
c) Rous Sarcoma virus
d) Reoviruses
15. Ribosomes are composed of
a) DNA and RNA
b) RNA and proteins
c) DNA and Proteins
d) RNA only
1-d
6-a
11-b

Answers
2-a
7-c
12-b

3-b
8-d
13-a

4-a
9-a
14-d

5-d
10-a
15-b

MCQ on Cytology - Cell and Cell organelles

1. The term cell was coined by a) Schwann
b) Robert Hooke
c) de Bary
d) Tatum
2. Cell theory was proposed by
a) Beadle and Tatum
b) Robert Hooke
c) Schleiden and Schwann
d) Leenuwenhoeck
3. The cell theory is not applicable to
a) Bacteria
b) algae
c) Virus
d) fungi
4. Semiautonomous organelle in the cell is
a) Peroxisomes
b) Chloroplast
c) Endoplasmic reticulam
d) Golgibodies
5. The membrane around the vacuole is called
a) cytoplast
b) tonoplast
c) amyloplast
d) elaioplast
6. Identify the non -membraneous organelle from the following
a) Ribosome
b) Endoplasmic reticulam
c) Nucleus

d) Chloroplast
7. Microfilaments are composed mainly of a protein called
a) actin
b)tubulin
c) myosin
d) chitin
8. Experiments demonstrating the importance of the nucleus in controlling the
growth of the cell was performed in
a) Starfish
b) Acetabularia
c) Neurospora
d) Leucocytes
9. Which of the following is associated with the structure of Golgicomplex?
a) Cristae
b) Cisternae
c) Annuli
d) Quatasomes
10. The subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes are
a) 60 S+40 S
b) 70 S+30 S
c) 60 S+30 S
d) 50 S+30 S
11. Plant cell wall mainly composed of
a) cellulose
b) starch
c) protein
d) lipid
12. Smooth endoplasmic reticulam is the site of
a) protein synthesis
b) carbohydrate synthesis
c) amino acid synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
13. In higher plants, the shape of the chloroplast is
a) Discoid
b) cup shaped
c) girdle shaped
d) ribbon shaped
14. The main function of Centrosome is
a) Secretion
b) osmoregulation
c) Protein synthesis
d) Formation of spindle fibre
15. Assembly of two subunits 40 S and 60 S of the ribosome is
a) 100 S unit
b) 80 S unit
c) 70 S unit
d) 90 S unit
Answers:
1- b
6-a
11-a

2- c
7-a
12-d

3-c
8-b
13-a

4-b
9-b
14-d

5-b
10-d
15-b

MCQ on Cell and Cell Organelle

1. The main difference between animal and plant cell is that
a) Animal cell lack rigid cell wall
b) Animal cells have vacuoles
c) Plant cell lack rigid cell wall
d) Plant cells have small vacuoles
2. Extra nuclear DNA is found in
a) Chloroplast
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Ribosomes
d) Nucleus

3. Cell theory states that

a) All cell have nuclei
b) All cells are living
c) Cell reproduce by mitosis and meiosis
d) Cells are fundamental structural units of plants and animals
4. Mitochondria have first seen by
a) Robert Hooke
b) Robert Brown
c) Lipmann
d) Altmann
5. Prokaryotic cell does not possess
a) Cell wall
b) Nuclear membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Plasma membrane
6. Plasma membrane is composed of
a) Protein
b) Lipids
c) Cellulose
d) Protein and Lipids
7. Cellular organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes are called
a) Peroxisomes
b) Lysosomes
c) Ribosomes
d) Mesosomes
8. The sedimentation constant of ribosome is generally 70S . Its breaks up into two
subunits whose sedimentation constants are
a) 50 S and 20S
b) 40 S and 30 S
c) 60 S and 10 S
d) 50 S and 30 S
9. Ribosomes help in
a) Photosyntheis
b) Protein synthesis
c) Lipid Synthesis
d) Respiration
10. Food is converted to energy in
a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Chloroplast
d) Mitochondria
Answers:
1. a) Animal cell lack rigid cell wall
2. a) Chloroplast
3. d) Cells are fundamental structural units of plants and animals
4. d) Altmann
5. b) Nuclear membrane
6. d) Protein and Lipids
7. b) Lysosomes
8. d) 50 S and 30 S
9. b) Protein synthesis
10. d) Mitochondria
Multiple Choice Questions on Mitochondria (Mitochondrion)
1. Which of the following is a semi-autonomous organelle?
a) mitochondrion
b) chloroplast
c) both a and b
d) mitochondrion, chloroplast and ribosomes
2. Who coined the term mitochondria
a) Kolliker
b) Flemming

c) Altman
d) Benda
3. Myocardial muscle cells have numerous large mitochondria called as
a) myocardial mitochondrions
b) mitosomes
c) myosomes
d) sarcosomes
4. The number of mitochondria in a cell depends on
a) pH of the cell
b) shape of the cell
c) both a and b
d) functional state of the cell
5. Which of the following statements are true about mitochondria

HYPERLINK "http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/02/mitochondriastructure-and-function.html"
a) Mitochondria has two envelopes
b) Outer membrane has porin protein channels
b) Inner membrane is not permeable
c) all of these
6. Cristae are
a) The membraneous infoldings of the outer membrane of mitochondria
b) the jelly like central matrix of mitochondria
c) The membraneous infoldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria
d) enzymes located on the inner mitochondrial membrane
7. F0-F1 particles meant for ATP synthesis are present on
a) outer mitochondrial membrane attached to the cytosolic or C face
b) outer mitochondrial membrane attached to the Matrix or M face
c) inner mitochondrial membrane attached to the Matrix or M face
d) inner mitochondrial membrane attached to the cytosolic or C face
8. Which of the following stain is used to visualise mitochondrion
a) Janus green
b) Acetocarmine
c) Haematoxylin
d) Orange G
9. Which of the following is the histochemical marker for mitochondrial inner membrane
a) monoamine oxidase
b) cytochrome oxidase
c) malate dehydogenase
d) adenylate kinase
10. Mitoplast are
a) mitochondria without membranes
b) mitochondria without outer membrane
c) mitochondria without inner membrane
d) mitochondrial plastids
Answers
1. c) both a and b
2. d) Benda
3. d) sarcosomes
4. d) functional state of the cell
5. c) all of these
6. c) The membraneous infoldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria
7. c) inner mitochondrial membrane attached to the Matrix or M face
8. a) Janus green
9. b) cytochrome oxidase
10. b) mitochondria without outer membrane

Multiple Choice Questions on Plasma Membrane

11. Lipid bi layer is
a) hydrophilic
b) hydrophobic
c) hydrophilic and hydrophobic
d) depends on the surrounding medium
12. Which of the following membrane has the largest amount of proteins
a) erythrocyte membrane
b) myelin sheath membrane
c) inner mitochondrial membrane
d) outer mitochondrial membrane
13. High lipid content is a characteristic of
a) erythrocyte membrane
b) myelin sheath membrane
c) inner mitochondrial membrane
d) outer mitochondrial membrane
14. The distribution of intrinsic proteins in the cell membrane is
a) symmetrical
b)assymetrical
c) random
d)uniform
15. In cell membrane, carbohydrates in glycoproteins or glycolipids are oriented
a) towards outside
b)towards inside
c) towards outside and inside
d)randomly distributed
16. The plasma membrane is impermeable to all molecules except
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c)rea
d)K+
17. The erythrocyte glucose transporter is an example of
a)simple diffusion
b)active transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) ion driven active transport
18. Which of the following transport induces conformational change in protein
a) simple diffusion
b) active transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) ion driven active transport
19. Na+ glucose transporter is an example of
a) facilitated diffusion
b) ATP driven active transport
c) Symport
d) antiport
20. Clathrin coated pits are associated with
a) phagocytosis
b) pinocytosis
c) receptor mediated endocytosis
d) exocytosis
Answers
11.c) hydrophilic and hydrophobic
12.c) inner mitochondrial membrane
13. b) myelin sheath membrane
14. b)assymetrical
15. a) towards outside
16. c) urea
17. c) facilitated diffusion
18. c) facilitated diffusion
19. c) Symport
20. c)receptor mediated endocytosis

Multiple Choice Questions on Cell wall

1. Which of the following groups has cell wall

a) Bacteria, plant and animals

b) Bacteria, fungi and plants
c) Bacteria, fungi, plants and animals
d) Bacteria and plants only
2. Bacterial cell wall is made up of
a) N-acetyl glucosamine
b) N-acetyl muramic acid
c) Both a and b
d) N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and amino acids
3. Which of the following statements are not true regarding cell wall
a) Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose
b) Plant cell wall is a non-living structure
c) Cell wall provides mechanical support to the cell
d) Cell was is semi-permeable
4. Plant cell wall is made up of
a) Cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin
b) Cellulose and chitin
c) Cellulose, hemicelluloses and chitin
d) Cellulose only
5. Chitinous cell wall is present in
a) Plants
b) Bacteria
c) Protists
d) Fungi
6. Pectin is stained using
a) Sudan III
b) acetocrmine
c) Ruthenium red
d) Iodine
7. Cellulose is a polymer of D-glucose units joined by
a) 1-4 linkage
b) 1-6 linkage
c) 1-4 linkage
d) 1-6 linkage
8. Chlorzinc Iodide is used to stain
a) Cellulose
b) Hemicellulose
c) Pectin
d) Lignin
9. Middle lamella is made up of pectin. Pectin is chemically
a) N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid
b) Heteropolymer of xylose, mannose and arabinose
c) Glucoronic and galacturonic acid
d) Polymer of D-glucose units
10. Which of the following is a aromatic polymer of phenols
a) Pectin
b) Chitin
c) Lignin
d) Cutin
11. Fine cytoplasmic connections between neighbouring cells through the cell wall for
cell to cell communication is called

a) Plasmosome
b) Plasmodesmata
c) Mesosome
d) All of these
12. Which of the following organelle is involved in cell wall synthesis
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Golgi apparatus
d) lysosome
13. Which of the following statements are true regarding cellulose synthesis
a) Cellulose is synthesized on the external surface of the cell
b) The enzyme involved is a plasma membrane bound complex called
cellulose synthetase
c) UDP glucose is the precursor of cellulose
d) All of these
14. Secondary cell wall of plants is
a) Located outside the primary wall
b) Located inside the plasma membrane
c) Located inside the primary wall
d) Located just beneath middle lamellae
15. Which of the statements are incorrect regarding plant cell wall
a) Primary and secondary walls are present in meristamatic cells
b) Secondary cell wall consists of three concentric layers (S1, S2 and S3)
one after the other
c) In certain plants, tertiary cell wall is also present which has xylan beside
cellulose
d) Middle lamella is made up of pectin and lignin
Answers:
1. b) Bacteria, fungi and plants
2. d) N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and amino acids
3. d) Cell was is semi-permeable
4. a) Cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin
5. d) Fungi
6. c) Ruthenium red
7. c) 1-4 linkage
8. a) Cellulose
9. c) Glucoronic and galacturonic acid
10. c) Lignin
11. b) Plasmodesmata
12. c) Golgi apparatus
13. d) All of these
14. c) Located inside the primary wall
15. a) Primary and secondary walls are present in meristamatic cells

MCQ on Cell organelles- Endoplasmic reticulum

1. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding ER?

a) The adipose tissue has both SER and RER

b) Plasma cells has RER only

c) RBC lacks both RER and SER

d) Hepatocytes has both RER and SER
2. The term endoplasmic reticulum was coined by
a) Reinert
b) Porter
c) Pomaret
d) Johnson
3. Which of the following organelles has a continuous connection with nuclear
membrane
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Lysosome
c) RER
d) SER
4. In RER, ribosomes are located on
a) the cytoplasmic side
b) on the luminal side
c) both a and b
d) all through out

5. SER is involved in
a) Phospholipid biosynthesis and detoxification reaction
b) Phospholipid biosynthesis and protein synthesis
c) Protein synthesis
d) Phospholipid biosynthesis
6. SER in the retinal cells are called as
a) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
b) Retinal reticulam
c) Myeloid bodies
d) Amyloid bodies
7. The functions of RER include
a) Protein synthesis and detoxification
b) Protein synthesis and post translational modification
c) Protein synthesis and phospholipid biosynthesis
d) Protein synthesis only
8. Which of the following statements are true regarding endoplasmic reticulum
a) ER provides structural framework to the cell
b) ER acts as an intracellular transporting system
c) SER is involved in synthesis of lipids
d) All of these
9. The transport of secretory proteins takes place trough organelles in the order
a) RER->SER->golgi-> secretory vescicles
b) SER->RER->golgi-> secretory vescicles
c) RER->SER-> secretory vescicles -> golgi
d) RER->golgi->SER-> secretory vescicles
10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is called rough because
a) rough texture of the surface
b) surface is studded with membrane proteins
c) surface is studded with ribosomes
d) All of these
11. RER is involved in the synthesis of
a) Membrane proteins and secretory proteins
b) Different proteins of the cell
c) Membrane proteins, secretory proteins and lysosomal proteins
d) Membrane proteins and secretory proteins and nuclear proteins
12. Which of the following organelle is involved in xenobiotic detoxification
a) Golgi
b) Lysosome

c) SER
d) RER
13. Protein glycosylation occurs in the
a) lumen of mitochondria
b) lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) lumen of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) lumen of lysosomes
14. Which of the following sequence functions as signals for N-linked glycosylation
a) Asn-X-Ser and Asn-X-Thr
b) Asn-X-Ser and Asn-X-Pro
c) Asn-X-Thr and Asn-X-Gly
d) Asn-X-Gly
15. Ribophorins are
a) transmembrane glycoprotein on RER
b) transmembrane glycoprotein on SER
c) luminal proteins on RER
d) luminal proteins on SER
Answers
1. a) The adipose tissue has both SER and RER
2. b) Porter
3. c) RER
4. a) the cytoplasmic side
5. a) Phospholipid biosynthesis and detoxification reaction
6. c) Myeloid bodies
7. b) Protein synthesis and post translational modification
8. d) All of these
9. a) RER->SER->golgi-> secretory vescicles
10. c) surface is studded with ribosomes
11. a) Membrane proteins and secretory proteins
12. c) SER
13. b) lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum
14. a) Asn-X-Ser and Asn-X-Thr
15. a) transmembrane glycoprotein on RER

multiple Choice Questions on Golgi apparatus

1. Which of the following organelle is called as the traffic police of the cell?
a) Lysosome
b) SER
c) Golgi apparatus
d) RER
2. In 1873, Camillo Golgi discovered Golgi apparatus in Purkinje cells (nerve cells).
Which is the stain that he used to visualise Golgi apparatus?
a) Janus green
b) Silver stain
c) Orange G
d) Haematoxylin
3. Dictyosomes are
a) golgi apparatus of plant cells
b) golgi apparatus of plant cells and lower invertebrates
c) golgi apparatus of plant cells, lower invertebrates and animal cells
d) golgi apparatus like structure in prokaryotes
4. The simplest unit, the saucer-like closed compartments of Golgi apparatus is called
as
a) tubules
b) vescicles
c) cristae
d) cisternae
5. The region around Golgi apparatus where other organelles are absent is called as the

a) zone of inhibition
b) zone of exclusion
c) both a and b
d) organelle inhibition zone
6. GERL region is the
a) Golgi+RER+SER+lysosome+vescicles association involved in packaging
and sorting of cellular materials
b) Golgi+RER+SER+lumen of cytoplasm association involved in packaging
and sorting of cellular materials
c) Golgi+ER+lysosome association involved in packaging and sorting of
cellular materials
d) none of these
7. Histochemical localisation of Golgi is by staining with
a) Bismarck red
b) Fast green
c) Osmium tetroxide
d) acetocarmine
8. Which of the following organelle is involved in cell plate formation
a) SER
b) RER
c) lysosme
d) Golgi apparatus
9. The functions of Golgi apparatus include all except
a) GA is the sorting centre of the cell
b) GA is involved in post translational modification
c) GA is involved in secretory protein synthesis
d) GA is involved in cell plate formation
10. Which of the following statements are true regarding golgi apparatus
a) GA has polarity
b) cis-face is located close to either nucleus or transitional ER
c) trans-face is located near plasma membrane
d) all of these
Answers
1. c) Golgi apparatus
2. b) Silver stain
3. b) golgi apparatus of plant cells and lower invertebrates
4. d) cisternae
5. b) zone of exclusion
6. c) Golgi + ER + lysosome association involved in packaging and sorting of cellular
materials
7. c) Osmium tetroxide
8. d) Golgi apparatus
9. c) GA is involved in secretory protein synthesis
10. d) all of these
11. Which one of the following organelles is located near the nucleus and contains a
collection of flattened membrane bound cisternae?
a) Nucleus
b) Centriole
c) Mitochondrion
d) Golgi apparatus
12. Golgi complex was first recognised in
a) blood cell
b) root cell
c) nerve cell
d) root cell
13. Besides giving out secretary vesicles, the Golgi apparatus is also concerned with
the formation of
a) Nucleus
b) plastids
c) nucleus
d) Lysosomes
14. Zone of exclusion is associated with

a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Nucleoplasm
d) Golgi complex
15. Golgi apparatus is absent in
a) higher plants
b) yeast
c) bacteria and blue green algae
d) none
16. Acid phosphatase is the cytochemical marker for
a) cis-region of GA
b) trans region of GA
c) GERL region
d) median region of GA
17. After synthesis of secretory protein in RER, it moves through
a) RER->cis Golgi->median golgi->trans golgi-> secretory vesicle
b) RER->trans Golgi->median golgi->cis golgi-> secretory vescicel
c) RER-> secretory vescicels ->cis Golgi->median golgi->trans golgi->
secretory vescicel
d) all of these
18. Golgi apparatus is often seen associated with
a) mitochondria
b) RER
c) lysosome
d) none of these
19. Which of the following organelle is called as the sorting centre of the cell
a) RER
b) SER
c) GA
d) lysosome
20. Function ofGolgi apparatus (GA) in animal cells include
a) sorting and packaging
b) exocytosis of melanin granules
c) exocytosis of thyroxine hormone
d) all of these
Answers
11. d) Golgi apparatus
12. c) nerve cell
13. d) Lysosomes
14. d) Golgi complex
15. c) bacteria and blue green algae
16. c) GERL region
17. a) RER->cis Golgi->median golgi->trans golgi-> secretory vesicle
18. b) RER
19. c) GA
20. d) all of these

Multiple Choice Questions on Nucleus

1. Nuclei were first discovered by
a) Strasburger
b) Fonatana
c) Robert Brown
d) Robert Koch
2. Which of the following is the central commanding centre of the cell
a) nucleus
b) mitchondria
c) ER
d) ribosomes
3. The Grafting experiment of Hammerling established the role of nucleus in
heredity. The experimental material was
a) Chlorella
b) Acetabularia

c) Chara
d) Scendesmus
4. Nucleus are absent in
a) Red blood cells and bacterium
b) Red blood cells, sieve cells and bacterium
c) Red blood cells only
d) none of these
5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the size of nucleus?
a) The size of the nucleus is directly proportional to that of the cytoplasm
b) The size of the nucleus depends on the total cell volume
c) The size of the nucleus depends on the chromosome number or ploidy level of the
cell
d) all of these
6. Nucleus has
a) DNA only
b) DNA and protein only
c) DNA, RNA and proteins
d) none of these
7. Nuclear membrane is in continuous connection with
a) SER
b) RER
c) Golgi apparatus
d) lysosomes
8. The protein network that lines the inner side of nuclear membrane is called
a) Nucleolus
b) nuclear matrix
c) nuclear lamina
d) nuclear proteins
9. The number of nuclear pores depends on the
a) size of the cell
b) transcriptional activity of the cell
c) DNA content of the cell
d) all of these
10. The most important function of nuclear envelope is to
a) regulate nucleo cytoplasmic traffic
b) protect genetic material
c) prevent the entrance of active ribosomes into the nucleus
d) synthesis rRNAs
11. The DNA protein ratio in chromatin is
a) 3:1
b) 2:1
c) 1:1
d) 4:1
12. Nucleolus is a prominent acidophilic spherical bodies in the nucleus. The
function is
a) RNA synthesis
b) DNA synthesis
c) histone synthesis
d) ribosomal subunit synthesis
13. The basic proteins of the nucleus are
a) nucleohistones
b) nucleoprotamines
c) both a and b
d) none of these
14. The major amino acids in histones are
a) Gluatamate and aspartic acid
b) lysine and arginine
c) arginine, lysine and histidine
d) histidine
15. The light stained and diffused region of chromatin is known as
a) Heterochromatin
b) Euchromatin
c) chromatin

d) none of these

Answers
1. c) Robert Brown
2. a) nucleus
3. b) Acetabularia
4. b) Red blood cells, sieve cells and bacterium
5. d) all of these
6. c) DNA, RNA and proteins
7. b) RER
8. c) nuclear lamina
9. b) transcriptional activity of the cell
10. c) prevent the entrance of active ribosomes into the nucleus
11. c) 1:1
12. d) ribosomal subunit synthesis
13. c) both a and b
14. c) arginine, lysine and histidine
15. b) Euchromatin

Multiple Choice Questions on Cell Division - Mitosis

1. During mitosis, ER and nucleolus begin to disappear at
a) Late prophase
b) Early prophase
c) late metaphase
d) early metaphase
2. Mitosis is similar to
a) Meiosis I
b) Meiosis II
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
3. Which of the following represents the best stage to view the shape, size and number
of chromosomes
a) Interphase
b) Prophase
c) Metaphase
d) Telophase
4. During metaphase mitosis chromosomes
a) undergo coiling
b) line up at the equator
c) undergo coiling
d) break and disintegrate
5. Number of chromatids at metaphase is
a) two each in mitosis and meiosis
b) Two in mitosis and one in meiosis
c) Two in mitosis and four inn meiosis
d) One in mitosis and two in meiosis
6. During cell division in apical meristem, the nuclear membrane appears in
a) Metaphase
b) Telophase
c) Anaphase
d) Cytokinesis
7. Mitotic anaphase differs from metaphase in possessing
a) Same number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids
b) Half number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids
c) Half number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids
d) Same number of chromosome and half number of chromatids
8. How many mitotic divisions are needed for a single cell to make 128 cells?
a) 7
b) 14
c) 28
d) 32
9. Which aspect of mitosis is affected by colchicine in inducing polyploidy?
a) DNA replication

b) Spindle formation
c) Formation of cell plate
d) Chromosome doubling
10. If you are provided with root tips of onion in your class and are asked to count the
chromosomes, which of the following stages can you most conveniently look into?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Answers
1. b) Early prophase
2. b) Meiosis II
3. c) Metaphase
4. b) line up at the equator
5. a) two each in mitosis and meiosis
6. b) Telophase
7. d) Same number of chromosome and half number of chromatids
8. a) 7
Explanation: Each cell produces 2 daughter cells, therefore after 7 divisions one cell will
give 128 cells.
1 (I) >2 (II) > 4 (III) > 8 (IV) > 16 (V) > 32(VI) > 64 (VII) > 128
9. b) Spindle formation
10. b) Metaphase

Multiple Choice Questions on Cell Division - Meiosis

1. Which statements best explains the evolutionary advantage of meiosis?
a) Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction
b) Meiosis alternates with mitosis from generation to generation
c) The same genetic system is passed on from generation to generation
d) Genetic recombination are possible from generation to generation
2. Meiotic division occurs in
a) vegetative cells
b) meristematic cells
c) conductive cells
d) reproductive cells
3. Meiosis I is reductional division. Meiosis II is equational division due to
a) Crossing over
b) Separation of chromatids
c) Pairing of homologous chromosomes
d) Disjunction of homologous chromosomes
4. Meiosis II performs
a) Separation of sex chromosomes
b) Synthesis of DNA and centromere
c) Separation of homologous chromosomes
d) Separation of chromatids
5. Segregation of Mendelian factor (Aa) occurs during
a) Diplotene
b) Zygotene/ Pachytene
c) Anaphase I
d) Anaphase II
6. Synapsis occurs between
a) mRNA and ribosomes
b) Spindle fibres and cetromere
c) a male and a female gamete
d) Two homologous chromosomes
7. In Meiosis, the daughter cells differ from parent cell as well as amongst themselves
due to
a) Segregation, independent assortment and crossing over
b) Segregation and crossing over
c) Independent assortment and crossing over
d) Segregation and independent assortment

8. During which stage of prophase I of the crossing over takes place ?

a) Leptotene
b) Pachytene
c) Zygotene
d) Diplotene
9. Continuous variations are attributed to
a) Polyploidy
b) Mutation
c) Crossing over
d) Chromosomal aberrations
10. When parental and maternal chromosomes change their materials with
each other in cell division this event called
a) synapsis
b) Crossing over
c) Dyad forming
d) Bivalent forming
Answers
1. d) Genetic recombination are possible from generation to generation
2. d) reproductive cells
3. b) Separation of chromatids
4. d) Separation of chromatids
5. c) Anaphase I
6. d) Two homologous chromosomes
7. a) Segregation, independent assortment and crossing over
8. b) Pachytene
9. c) Crossing over
10. b) Crossing over
Multiple Choice Questions on Cell Cycle
1. DNA replication occurs in
a) S phase
b) G phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
2. The pairing of homologous chromosomes
a) Tetrads
b) Crossing over
c) Synapsis
d) Terminalisation
3. Which aspect of mitosis is affected by colchicine in inducing polyploidy?
a) DNA duplication
b) Spindle formation
c) Cell plate formation
d) Chromosome doubling
4. Pairing of homologous chromosomes can be seen during
a) Zygotene
b) leptotene
c) Diplotene
d) Pachytene
5. The cell cycle of a germinal cell has
a) two successive mitotic divisions
b) two successive reduction divisions
c) very short prophase in first division
d) one reduction division followed by one mitotic division
6. During cell division, sometimes there will be failure of separation of sister
chromatids. This event is called
a) interference
b) coincidence

c) fusion
d) Non disjunction
7. In the cell cycle DNA synthesis takes place during
a) G1 phase
b) G2 phase
c) S phase
d) Prophase
8. During metaphase mitosis chromosomes
a) undergo coiling
b) Move towards the poles
c) Line up at the equator
d) Break and disintegrate
9. A cell divides every one minute. At this rate of division it can fill a 100 ml of
beaker in one hour. How much time does it take to fill a 50 ml beaker?
a) 30 minutes
b) 60 minutes
c) 59 minutes
d) one minute
10. In how many cells the meiotic division has taken place, if the total number of
spermatids produced are 32?
a) 16
b) 8
c) 32
d) 4
11. Zygotic meiosis occurs in
a) Pteris
b) Marchantia
c) Puccinia
d) Chalmydomonas
12. Daughter cells are formed as a result of meiosis are not similar to that of parent
cell because
a) Meiosis is completed in two stages
b) Prophase is longest phase
c) Nucleus size increases in daughter cells
d) Crossing over takes place and chromosome number is halved
13. During meiosis chiasmata are observed at
a) Pachytene
b) Diplotene
c) Leptotene
d) Diakinesis
14. Number of mitotic divisions required to produce 128 cells from a single cell is
a) 7
b) 8
c) 16
d) 32
15. During which stage of prophase I the crossing over takes place?
a) Pachytene
b) Leptotene
c) Zygotene
d) Diplotene
Answers
1. a) S phase
2. c) Synapsis
3. b) Spindle formation
4. a) Zygotene
5. d) one reduction division followed by one mitotic division
6. d) Non disjunction
7. c) S phase
8. c) Line up at the equator
9. c) 59 minutes
10. b) 8
11. d) Chalmydomonas
12. d) Crossing over takes place and chromosome number is halved

13. a) Pachytene
14. a) 7
15. a) Pachytene

Multiple Choice Questions on Plastids

MCQ on Plastids
1. Which of the following is a double membrane bound organelle
a) mitochondria
b) chloroplast
c) nucleus
d) all of these
2. Plastids are absent in
a) animals and plants
b) fungi and animals
c) animals, bacterium and fungi
d) none of these
3. All are colourless plastids (leucoplasts) except
a) elaioplast
b) amyloplast
c) proteinoplast
d) rhodoplast
4. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding leucoplasts
a) leucoplasts contain thylakoids and photosynthetic pigments
b) Elaioplasts store lipids
c) proteinoplats store proteins
d) amyloplasts store starch
5. The organelle responsible for life on this planet is
a) mitochondria
b) chloroplast
c) nucleus
d) ribosomes
6. Which of the statements are true regarding chloroplast
a) It is a double membrane bound organelle
b) Chloroplasts are site of photosynthesis
c) Chloroplasts are responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates
d) all of these
7. Chloroplast is similar to mitochondria in having a
a) double layered membrane
b) Circular DNA
c) 70S ribosomes
d) all of these
8. The site of light reaction is
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
9. Photolysis or water splitting complex is present in
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
10. Calvin cycle or dark reaction occurs in the
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
11. Which of the following pigment is most abundant in green plants
a) chlorophyll a
b) chlorophyll b
c) carotene
d) xanthophyll

12. Photosynthetic Pigments are located on the

a) Inner membrane
b) thylakoid membrane
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
13. Which of the following is an accessory pigment
a) chl a
b) chl b
c) carotenoids
d) none of these
14. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding photosystems
a) The reaction of PS I is P 700 and Chl a is predominant pigment
b) The reaction centre of PS II is P680 and Chl b is predominant pigment
c) Both photosystems are located on the outer membrane
d) PSI is located on the thylakoid membrane
15. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding light reaction
a) light reaction is called as Hill reaction
b) light reaction takes place in the grana of the chloroplast
c) CO2 fixation to carbohydrate is the major event in light reaction
d) ATP and NADPH are produced in light reaction
Answers
1. d) all of these
2. c) animals, bacterium and fungi
3. d) rhodoplast
4. a) leucoplasts contain thylakoids and photosynthetic pigments
5. b) chloroplast
6. d) all of these
7. d) all of these
8. a) grana
9. b) stroma
10. b) stroma
11. a) chlorophyll a
12. b) thylakoid membrane
13. c) carotenoids
14. c) Both photosystems are located on the outer membrane
15. c) CO2 fixation to carbohydrate is the major event in light reaction
Multiple Choice Questions on Chloroplast
11.The plastid responsible for photosynthesis is
a) Leucoplast
b) Chromoplast
c) Chloroplast
d) All of these
12. Which of the following pigment is most abundant in green plants
a) chlorophyll a
b) chlorophyll b
c) carotene
d) xanthophyll
13. Photosynthetic Pigments are located on the
a) Inner membrane
b) thylakoid membrane
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
14. Which of the following is an accessory pigment
a) chl a
b) chl b
c) carotenoids
d) none of these

15. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding photosystems

a) The reaction of PS I is P 700 and Chl a is predominant pigment
b) The reaction centre of PS II is P680 and Chl b is predominant pigment
c) Both photosystems are located on the outer membrane
d) PSI is located on the thylakoid membrane
16. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding light reaction
a) lIght reaction is called as Hill reaction
b) light reaction takes place in the grana of the chloroplast
c) CO2 fixation to carbohydrate is the major event in light reaction
d) ATP and NADPH are produced in light reaction
17. All plastids have similar structure because they can
a) store starch, lipids and proteins
b) gets transformed from one type to another
c) be present together
d) perform some function
18. All types of plastids possess essentially the same structure because they
a) perform the same function
b) occur in aerial parts
c) store food materials like starch, fats and protein
d) can transform from one form to another
19. Chlorophyll in Chloroplast is located in
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoids
d) both grana and stroma
20. Chlorophyll consists of
a) 75% chlorophyll a and 25% chlorophyll b
b) 75% chlorophyll b and 25% chlorophyll a
c) 60% chlorophyll a and 40% chlorophyll b
d) 100% chlorophyll a
Answers
11. c) Chloroplast
12. a) chlorophyll a
13. b) thylakoid membrane
14. c) carotenoids
15. c) Both photosystems are located on the outer membrane
16. c) CO2 fixation to carbohydrate is the major event in light reaction
17. b) gets transformed from one type to another
18. d) can transform from one form to another
19. c) thylakoids
20. a) 75% chlorophyll a and 25% chlorophyll b
MCQ on Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
1. Steroid hormones have receptors predominantly on
a) cell surface
b) cytoplasm
c) both cell surface and cytoplasm
d) inside nucleus only
2. The major interaction responsible for stabilizing plasma membrane
a)hydrophilic interactions
b)covalent bonds
c)ionic bonds
d)hydrophobic interactions
3. The organelles involved in protein transport
a)ER and Golgi
b)ER and mitochondria
c)Golgi and mitochondria
d) lysosomes and golgi
4. The role of carbohydrates in cell membrane
a) cell adhesion
b) cell-cell recognition

c) assisting transport across cell membrane

d) cell storage reserve
5. All hormones can cross plasma membrane except
a) Estrogen
b) insulin
c) progesterone
d) thyroxine
6. The major biomolecule responsible for selective uptake of materials across plasma membrane
a)Carbohydrate
b) protein
c) lipids
d)phospholipids

7. All the following substance pass through cell membrane except

a) O2
b) H2O
c) CO2
d) H+
8. At physiological pH increase in cholesterol level
a) increases fluidity
b)decreases fluidity
c) no change in fluidity
d) none of the above
9) The longer the fatty acid chain, fluidity of the lipid bi layer
a) increases
b) decreases
c) no change in fluidity
d) none of the above
10. The inner leaflets of erythrocytes has
a) sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine
b) phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
c) sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine
d) phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidylcholine
Answers
1. b) cytoplasm
2. d) hydrophobic interactions
3. a) ER and Golgi
4. b) cell-cell recognition
5. b) insulin
6. b) protein
7. d) H+
8. b) decreases fluidity
9. b) decreases
10.b) phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine.