TUTORIAL 4B

1.

Which represent the higher pressure in each of the following pairs:

a. 534 mm Hg or 0.754 bar
b. 534 mm Hg or 650 kPa
c. 1.34 bar or 934 kPa

(0.754 bar)
(650 kPa)
(934 kPa)

2.

You have sample of CO2 in a flask (A) with a volume of 25 mL. At 20.5 0C, the pressure of
the gas is 436.5 mm Hg. To find the volume of another flask (B), you move the CO 2 to that
flask and find that its pressure is now 94.3 mm Hg at 24.5 0C. What is the volume of flask
(B)?
(117.3 mL)

3.

A sample of gas has an initial volume of 2.8 L at pressure of 755 mm Hg. If the volume of
the gas is increased to 3.7 L, what will the pressure be?
(571.35 mm Hg)

4.

A 48.3mL sample of gas in a cylinder is warmed from 220C to 870C. What is the volume at
the final temperature?
(58.94 mL)

5.

An automobile tire has a maximum rating of 38.0 psi (gauge pressure). The tire is inflated
(while cold) to a volume of 11.8 L and a gauge pressure of 36.0 psi at a temperature of
120C. While driving on a hot day, the tire warms to 650C and its volume expands to 12.2L.
Does the pressure in the tire exceed its maximum rating?
(Yes with 41.307 psi)

6.

A weather balloon is inflated to a volume of 28.5 L at a pressure of 748 mm Hg and a

temperature of 280C. The balloon rises in the atmosphere to an altitude approximately
25,000 feet where the pressure is 385 mm Hg and the temperature is -150C. Assuming the
balloon can freely expand, calculate the volume of this balloon at this altitude. (47.4 L)

7.

A piece of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) with a mass of 28.8 g is allowed to sublime
(convert from solid to gas) into a large balloon. Assuming that all of the carbon dioxide
ends up in the balloon, what will be the volume of the balloon at the temperature of 220C
and a pressure of 742 mm Hg?
(16.25 L)

8.

You have a 22 L cylinder of helium at a pressure of 150 atm and at 31 0C. How many
balloons can you fill each with a volume of 5 L, on a day when the atmospheric pressure
is 755 mm Hg and the temperature is 22 0C?
(645 balloons)

9.

A sample of gas has a mass of 38.8 mg. Its volume is 224 mL at a temperature of 55 0C
and a pressure of 886 torr. Find the molar mass of the gas.
(3.98 g/mol)

10.

A steel cylinder holds 1.5 g of ethanol C2H2OH. What is the pressure of the ethanol vapor
if the cylinder has a volume of 251 cm3 and the temperature is 250 0C?
(5.58 atm)

11.

Automobile airbags inflate following a serious impact. The impact triggers the following
chemical reaction:
2NaN3 (s) 2Na (s) + 3N2 (g)
1

12.

If an automobile airbag (N2) has a volume of 11.8 L, what was the mass of NaN 3 (in g) is
required to fully inflate the airbag upon impact? Assume STP conditions
(22.84 g NaN3)
A new boron hydride, BxHy has been isolated. To find its molar mass, you measure the
pressure of the gas in a known volume at a known temperature. The experimental data
collected are:
Mass of gas = 12.5 mg
Pressure of gas = 24.8 mm Hg
Temperature = 25 0C
Volume of flask = 125 mL
Which formula corresponds to the calculated molar mass?
a. B2H6
d. B6H10
b. B4H10
e. B10H14
c. B5H9

(B 6H10)

13.

a. 0.100 g of a gaseous compound occupies a volume of 22.1 cm3 at 22oC and 1.02
atmosphere. Calculate the relative molecular mass.
(107.4)
b. A 1.58 g sample of C2H3X3(g) has a volume of 297 mL at 769 torr and 35 oC. Identify the
element X.
(Cl)

14.

Chloroform is a common liquid used in the lab. It vaporizes readily. If the pressure of the
chloroform vapor in a flask is 195 mm Hg at 25 0C and the density of the vapor is 1.25 g/L.
What is the molar mass of chloroform?
(118.4 g/mol)

15.

A gas mixture contains each of the following gases at indicated partial pressures: N2 = 325
torr; O2 = 124 torr and He = 209 torr. What is the total pressure of the mixture? What mass
of each gas is present in a 1.05 L sample of this mixture at 250C?
(Ptotal = 0.877 atm; N2 = 0.51 g; O2 = 0.22 g; He = 0.047g)

16.

Use a molar volume of a gas at STP to determine the volume (in L) occupied by 10 g of
neon at STP.
(11.2 L)

17.

A 118 mL flask is evacuated and found to have a mass of 97.129 g. When the flask is filled
with 768 torr of helium gas at 35 0C, it is found to have a mass of 97.171 g. Was the helium
gas pure?
(No)

18.

What is the density (in g/L) of hydrogen gas at 200C and a pressure of 1655 psi?
(9.37 g/L)

19.

A sample of N2O gas has a density of 2.85 g/L at 298 K. What must be the pressure of the
gas (in mm Hg)?
(1200.8 mm Hg)

20.

Hydrogen gas (a potential future fuel) can be formed by the reaction of methane with
water according to the following equation:
2

CH4 (g) + H2O (g) CO (g) + 3H2 (g)

In a particular reaction, 25.5 L of methane gas (measured at a pressure of 732 torr and a
temperature of 250C) is mixed with 22.8 L of water vapor (measured at a pressure of 702
torr and a temperature of 1250C). The reaction produces 26.2 L of hydrogen gas
measured at STP. What is the percent yield of the reaction?
(60.47%)
21.

A gaseous hydrogen and carbon containing compound is decomposed and found to

contain 82.66 % carbon and 17.34 % hydrogen by mass. The mass of 158 mL of the gas,
measured at 556 mm Hg and 250C was found to be 0.275 g. what is the molecular formula
for the compound?
(C4H10)

22.

Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide

2 NO (g) + O2 (g) 2NO2 (g)
a. If you mix NO and O2 in the correct stoichiometric ratio and NO has a volume of 150
mL. What volume of O2 is required (at the same temperature and pressure)?
(75 mL)
b. After reaction is complete between 150 mL of NO and the stoichiometric volume of O 2,
what is the volume of NO2?
(150 mL)

23.

Consider the following reaction:

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g)
a. If 285.5 mL of SO 2 is allowed to react with 158.9 mL of O 2 (both measured at 315 K
and 50 mm Hg), what is the limiting reactant and the theoretical yield of SO3?
(0.058128 g SO 3)
b. If 187.2 mL of SO3 is collected (measured at 315 K and 50 mm Hg), what is the percent
yield for the reaction?
(65.6 %)

24.

Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce iron (II) chloride and hydrogen gas
Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
The H2 gas from the reaction of 2.2 g of iron with excess acid is collected in a 10 L flask at
25 0C. What is the pressure of the H2 gas in the flask?
(0.095 atm)

25.

Consider the following chemical reaction:

2H2O (l) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
What mass of H2O is required to form 1.4 L of O 2 at a temperature of 315 K and a
pressure of 0.957 atm?
(1.872 g H2O)

26.

The hydrogen gas formed in a chemical reaction is collected over water at 300C at a total
3

pressure of 732 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas collected in this
way? If the total volume of gas collected is 722 mL, what mass of hydrogen gas is
collected?
(0.054 g H 2)
27.

Helium is collected over water at 25oC and 1.00 atm total pressure. What total volume of
the gas must be collected in order to obtain 0.586 g of helium? Vapour pressure of water
at 25oC is 23.8 torr
(3.69 L)

28.

How many litres of H2 gas are collected over water at 18oC and 725 mmHg when 0.84 g of
lithium (Li) reacts with water? Aqueous LiOH also formed. Vapour pressure of water at
18oC is 15.5 mmHg.
(1.5 L)

29.

Uranium-235 can be separated from U-238 by fluorinating the uranium to form UF6 (which
is a gas) and then taking advantage of the different rates of effusion and diffusion of
compounds containing two isotopes. Calculate the ratio of effusion rates for 238UF6 and
236
UF6. The atomic mass of U-235 is 235.054 amu and U-238 is 238.051 amu.
(1.006)

30.

In each of the following pairs of gases. Tell which will effuse faster
a. CO2 or F2
b. O2 or N2
c. C2H4 or C2H6

(CO2 < F2)

(O2 < N2)
(C2H4 > C2H6)

31.

Equal masses of N2(g) and CO2(g) are placed in separate containers of equal volume and at
the same temperature. Which gas will exert a higher pressure?

32.

Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain that, for a given mass of gas,
a. An increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in pressure at constant
volume.
b. A decrease in volume causes an increase in pressure at constant temperature.

33.

Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.00 mol of Cl 2 in a volume of 5.00 L at a temperature

of 273 K, using:
a. the ideal gas equation. (R = 0.08206 L atm/mol.K)
(4.48 atm)
(4.480 atm)
b. the van der Waals equation (For Cl2, a = 6.49 atm L2/mol2, b = 0.0562 L/mol.)
(4.27 atm)

34.

State whether each of the following statements is true or false for an ideal gas.
a. There are no attractive forces between the gas molecules.
b. There are strong repulsive forces between the gas molecules.
c. The volume occupied by the molecules is negligible compared to the container volume.
d. The gas behaves according to the ideal gas equation.
e. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the size of the
molecules

35.

What is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent if the vapor pressure of a solution of 10 g
of sucrose (C6H12O6) in 100 g of ethanol (C2H6O) is 55 mmHg?
(56.4 mmHg)
4

36.

A student needs to prepare an aqueous solution of sucrose at a temperature of 20o C with

a vapor pressure of 15.0 mm Hg. How many grams of sucrose (mm = 342 g/mol) does
she need if she uses 375 g H2O? (The vapor pressure of water at 20o C is 17.5 mm Hg.)
(1189 g)

37.

The vapor pressure of pure benzene (C6H6) is 100 torr at 26.1oC. Calculate the vapor
pressure of a solution containing 24.6 g of camphor (C10H16O) dissolved in 100 mL of
benzene. The density of benzene is 0.877 g/mL.
(87.4 torr)

38.

What is the freezing point of a solution of 645 g of urea, H2NCONH2, dissolved in 980 g of
water? [Kf = 1.86oC/mole]
(-20.4C)

39.

A solution of 3.39 g of an unknown compound in 10.00 g of water has a freezing point of

7.31C. What is the molar mass of the compound? [Kf = 1.86oC/mole]
(86.3 g/mol)

40.

A water solution containing 2.00 g of an unknown molecular substance dissolved in 10.00

g of water has a freezing point of 4.0C.
a. Calculate the molality of the solution. [Kf = 1.86oC/mole]
(2.15 m)
b. When 2.00 g of the substance is dissolved in acetone instead of in water, the boiling
point of the solution is 58.9C. The normal boiling point of acetone is 56.00C, and its Kb is
1.71C/m. Calculate the molality of the solution from this data.
(1.69 m)

41.

What is the freezing point of a solution of 1.17 g of 1-naphthol, C10H8O, dissolved in 2.00
mL of benzene at 20C? The density of benzene at 20C is 0.876 g/mL. Kf for benzene is
5.12C/m and benzenes normal freezing point is 5.53C.
(-18.2 C)

42.

An unknown organic compound has the empirical formula C2H2O. A solution of 3.775 g of
the unknown compound dissolved in 12.00 g of water is cooled until it freezes at a
temperature of 4.72C. Determine the molar mass and the molecular formula of the
compound. [Kf = 1.86oC/mole]
(124 g/mol; C6H6O3)

43.

How many grams of a solute having a molar mass of 41.9 g/mol must be added to 1000.0
ml of water to produce a boiling point elevation of 0.84oC? [Kb = 0.51oC/mole]
(69 g)

44.

A 7.85 g sample of a compound with empirical formula C5H4 is dissolved in 301 g of

benzene. The freezing point of the solution is 1.05 oC below that of the pure benzene.
What are the molar mass and molecular formula of this compound? Kf for benzene is
5.12 oC/m.
(127 g/mol; C10H8)

45.

Albuquerque is 5,500feet above sea level, which means the normal atmospheric pressure
is less than 1 atm.
a. Will water freeze at a lower temperature or a higher temperature than at 1 atm?
b. Will water boil at a higher or lower temperature, than at1 atm?
46.

a. Which section represents the solid phase?

b. What section represents the liquid phase?
c. What section represents the gas phase?
d. What letter represents the triple point? In your own words, what is the definition of a
triple point?
e. What is this substances normal melting point, at 1 atm of pressure?
f. What is this substances normal boiling point, at 1 atm of pressure?
g. Above what temperature is it impossible to liquefy this substance, no
matter what the pressure?
h. At what temperature and pressure do all three phases coexist?
i. At a constant temperature, what would you do to cause this substance to change from
the liquid phase to the solid phase?
j. What does sublimation mean?

47.

a. At 1 atmosphere and room temperature (25C), would you expect solid carbon dioxide
to melt to the liquid phase, or sublime to the gas phase?
b. Some industrial processes require carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is stored on-site
in large tanks as liquid carbon dioxide. Assuming we lived at sea level (1 atm), how could
carbon dioxide be liquefied?