Ship Design Solutions - Grain Tutorial

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http://shipdesign.co.uk/dja/tutorial_grain.php

Grain Tutorial
Introduction
When grain cargo is carried in a ship, it must meet the requirements of the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk, which is published by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) as Chapter VI of the SOLAS Convention 1992.
These rules require heeling curves to be calculated based on an assumed shift of grain. Even for full compartments, the calculations must take account of the settlement of the cargo and the voids, which form between hatch coamings and at the sides of the hatches. As the vessel heels, the grain shifts thus causing a heeling moment.
After taking into account the heeling moments due to grain shift, the ship must meet the following criteria at all times:
the angle of heel due to grain shift shall not exceed 12 or a lesser figure, if required by the Administration;
the residual dynamic stability up to 40 or the angle of flooding, if this is less, shall not be less than 0.075 m-radians;
the GM after allowance of liquid free surface shall not be less than 0.30 m.
The remainder of this document, describes how the necessary calculations can be performed using Calc (Build 37). There are three different types of calculation that are relevant:
Grain Calibration, where tables of capacities and heeling moments, are prepared for each grain hold;
Tables of Allowable Grain Heeling Moments for a range of drafts and vertical centres of gravity (VCG's);
Grain Loading Conditions, where different loading scenarios are checked for compliance with the stability criteria, taking into account the heeling moment due to an assumed shift of cargo.

General Considerations
A grain hold, plus any 'tween decks, is just one compartment in Calc. Any decks must be modelled by deck surfaces, either defined within a Facet (.fct) file, or imported from a CMP file. The decks must extend over the whole length and width of the compartment.
A grain compartment must be modelled to include the hatch up to the top of the coaming, but exclude the hatch itself. For filled hold calculations, sections through the compartment, are required. These will be generated when setting up the calibration data, however, generating a closed curve from facet data, is not without problems, and from GDS portion data, is practically impossible. For this reason, Calc provides a facility for exporting and importing section data as
Britfair files, which can be edited in Digit, or a simple text editor. This procedure will be further described below. Calc will generate 7 sections through the compartment:
At the aft and forward ends of the compartment,
At the aft and forward ends of the hatch,
A further 3 sections midway between others.
When Calc requires a section it will take the nearest one, thus often only 3 sections will be necessary: midway between the hatch ends, and midway between the hatch and the ends of the compartment.
The steps needed to carry out grain calculations using Calc, are as follows:
1. Having prepared the geometry for the ship including compartments and any required decks, the user should start Calc, create a new project and import the geometry.
2. Edit the Ship Data node and select GRAIN from the list of stability criteria.

Grain Calibrations
The next step is to calibrate the grain compartments:

1. Create a new node under the Ship node. Select Grain Calibrations from the dialog. A new folder node is created.

2. Edit this new node, and select the compartments that are used to carry grain.
3. Set up data that will be common to all holds, e.g. coaming height, cargo heights, filled hold options, etc., and select OK. This will generate a calculation node for each grain compartment.

4. Edit each grain compartment node to change any data that is specific to the compartment.
5. Select any 'tween deck from the list. (Only decks that span the compartment, will be listed.)

6. Check that the sections are properly defined, by exporting them as a Britfair (bri) file, and viewing/editing them in Digit. When the sections are deemed to be OK, they can be read back into Calc from the same dialog page. It is very important to have properly defined sections, otherwise the results will be inaccurate.

7. Perform the calculations. This will generate grain calibration tables for each hold, and details of filled hold calculations, including diagrams showing the voids and level of the grain when shifted.

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Ship Design Solutions - Grain Tutorial

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http://shipdesign.co.uk/dja/tutorial_grain.php

Permissible Grain Heeling Moments

To calculate allowable grain heeling moments, use is made of the Deterministic calculation node:
1. Either create a new Deterministic node or use an existing one. It is recommended that the node is renamed to identify it appropriately.
2. Edit the node and check the Grain Heeling Moments check box, and enter an appropriate range of VCG's in the KGf list box. Also select the Intact radio button, as grain calculations only apply to the intact condition.

3. Run the calculation. A Permissible Grain Heeling table will be added to the report.

Grain Loading Conditions

1. Before carrying out grain loading conditions, all grain compartments should be calibrated (see section 3 above). This ensures that the heeling moments for filled holds will be applied properly. If a hold is not calibrated, then the heeling moment when it is filled, will be set to zero.
2. Also the cargo type must be defined as being GRAIN or UNTRIMMED. The difference is that for filled holds, trimmed or untrimmed moments, are used respectively. Cargo types are defined when editing the Tankplan node.

3. After calculating the condition, it will be seen that the grain heeling moments are indicated by square brackets [] in the condition table, and summed to give a total grain heeling moment. This moment is drawn on the GZ diagram, and used to check the stability criteria.

Questions or problems regarding this web site should be directed to mail@shipdesign.co.uk.

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2006 Ship Design Solutions Limited. All rights reserved.

8/21/2016 3:26 PM