fn two aliferent static
‘cen fom
seme, ad tis here at
rete On te oter bandit
atthe tena res a he vertex of
‘th tunne changes rapilly into wcompressive stress tad
adiance of diameter he coats othe
‘gut, the uncured stress condition pre
"fhe ext reronsieconition surat be atti
sal proprio the terol pears op we!
scoring the reasoning Sve
Sha ‘By uing a Slowabie Yenaie tiers ofthe ToC,
‘Sudeep he tabs anche
Polson’ ao? and including an adequate safe
The rock cover wea
fone arms fet caned
‘tayo sey
"Tie inormation Fined fm invengations and
sus by tok pce an ols oft
iron plemure ome tne Tegay bet
Tere ig sts hier ows nae
ste faring rene tn snd
EEEE tam Clieen acd Ngee pet many
get ding he i Yas
thes ning scab Smensoned to unin tbeteal
Internal presse witout suppor by the rock, perhaps
‘than facreased allowable stress forthe set
‘The case of small rock cover
Inthe cave af sal Fock cover the ability of the rock
‘vetburden to share testes may be checked by using
‘he fomae for tk walled hes
circular tensile stress at r=1,
BrP)
‘ceca tone sree at r=
‘exer fI0°—7)
Je sso that he dafernce becom the iner end
‘tsi ene srens ae wih afl wel ek
‘prs. We can therefore check te thickness ofthe rock
‘over by entaohing the diferesce between!
er BOLO PNP)
and p, this erence jst being the tensile stress ofthe
‘oe beat the surface,
“tsgeme remonable io keep this value below 0.5
‘ple, coresponting to the ler compressive sess
See marines sae firack 33
‘mea we iad of hundred of ters: We
‘hi ineefore formule te condifon as flows
BeBP<0S lem?
°
Be Pe ie onc terion Ya
eas settee Ya Pa stand
Modern trends in selecting and
designing
Kaplan turbines
PART ONE
ByF.
de
jervo and F. de Leva*
Results of an extensive investigation catied out on more than 130 Kaplan turbines manufactured
allover the world aro presented in tho form, of statisti
agrams providing engineers with the
fates information for preliminary design of hydro powerplants,
‘rs rape pret he fut of tay on the preset
ato th aren the doug of Syralic macs of
‘uch toe fe prt conser Feat pe aries as
‘ubbhedin Anput eae of ta magn!
"or simply consderation at ae common to both
eancs nd Ripion tortie ae not repeated tb
spars the auhotrsoget therfore ta een othe
boa fe wil pe «fete wean oe
‘rfienever it ba teen dumed advil, compusisons
have been made’ betwes Frcs and” Kaplan
‘ites and dimensions, parcial Tor thew machine
‘Shuponets arse salar from te yerae post
‘few: such tte es sales andthe raf abe
Wiser Pos & Dem Consucton December 167
“The data colected show tha he ted towed gener
capaci em propeunet or Rep tan for Pence
{Be comeqeence. of the competitiveness a France
‘Srbiner with re lee eevee fr lw end he
‘oper auc nt ty the a neo ot
‘Beperiog beers 96D and 176 aoe
bbe I ges tbe main features of he lastlatons
Jgvestgnted ay aken fom the tefrencs, wile te