Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12. What was the most harmful effect of the 19th century religious
reform movements?
13. Write short notes on:
Raja Rammohun Roy, Debendranath Tagore, Keshub Chandra
Sen, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Akshay Kumar Dutt, Jyotiba Phule,
Gopal Hari Deshmukh Lokahitwadi, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Sri
Narayan Guru, Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Narendranath Dutta,
Dayanand Saraswati, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, E.V.
Ramaswamy Naicker, Sri Narayan Guru, M. Malabari, Sri Narayan
Guru, Raghunath Rao, Syed Ahemd Raibarelvi, Syed Ahmed
Khan, Dudu Mian
Summary of various social reform movements:
Nu
m
Name
Year/
Place
HINDU
Radhakant Deb
1.
2.
Dharma Sabha
Paramhans
Mandali
3.
Prarthana Samaj
4.
Satyashodhak
Samaj
5.
Arya Samaj
(Publication:
Satyarth
Prakash)
Seva Sadan
1875
Dayanand
Saraswati
1885
M. Malabari
7.
Ramakrishna
Movement
1897/
Calcutta
Narendranath
Dutt
(Vivekananda)
8.
Bharat Dharma
Mahamandala
1902
9.
Servants of India
Society
1905
10
1902/
Kerala
Madan Mohan
Malviya (didnt
found it, but
important figure)
Gopal Krishna
Gokhale
LOWER CASTE
Narayan Guru
Justice
Movement
(political party)
Self-respect
movement
1917/
Madras
CN Mulaidar/ T.
Nair/ P. Tyagaraja
1920s
EV Ramaswami
Naicker
6.
11
12
13
14
Temple entry
1830
1849/
Maharasht
ra
1863/
Bombay
Founder
1873/
Maharasht
ra
Keshub Chandra
Sen/ Ranade
Jyotiba Phule
Narayan Guru
Vaikom: KV
Key idea(s)
Orthodox Hindu; status-quoist
Believed in one God, caste
removal, women
empowerment etc.
Social reform, but dont come
into conflict with orthodox
Hindus (unlike Brahmo Samaj)
Caste consciousness; first
movement with leadership
from low castes; Raja Bali
used as symbol
Back to the Vedas, end
priestly domination, promote
inter-caste and widow
marriages, no idol worship
Parsi; take care of
marginalized women
Spread the universal message
of Vedanta, love all religions,
service of humans = service
of god
Orthodox Hindu; status-quoist;
formed by combination of
several state units
Non-religious, aimed at raising
cadres for nation-building
Started among Ezvahas of
Kerala (toddy-trappers,
untouchables); urged them to
join schools, administration
SNG installed Shiva idol at a
temple in Kerala
(Aravippuram) despite being
lower caste as a protest
measure
Secure jobs for non-Brahmins
in legislature
Rejection of Brahminical
religion; formalizing weddings
without priests
1924: Vaikom satyagraha;
movement
Keshav
K. Kelappan
1931: After CDM, in
Travancore; in 1936, Maharaja
said okay, enter
15
16
17
Wahabi/
Walliullah
movement
Faraizi
movement
Ahmadiya
movement
18
Aligarh
movement
19
Deoband School
20
Rahnumai Mazda
Yasnan Sabha
21
Singh Sabha
movement
22
Akali movement
23
Theosophical
movement
1840s
(initially
against
Sikhs,
later
Brits);
fizzled out
by 1870s
under Brit
repression
1840s
1889
MUSLIM
Sayyed Ahmed
Raibarelvi,
influenced by
Shah Waliullah
Later, also:
* Shah Abdul Aziz
* Tithu Mir
Haji Shariat
Allah/ Dudu Mian
Mirza Ghulam
Ahmed
Syed Ahmed
Khan
PARSI
1851
1873/
Amritsar
WESTERN HINDU
1875 (US); Madam
1882
Blavatsky/ Annie
(Adyar,
Besant
Tamil
Nadu)
Name
Year
Place
Founders / Aims
1.
British Indian
Association
1851
Bengal
2.
East India
Association
Poona
Sarvajanik
Sabha
Indian
Association of
Calcutta
Bombay
Presidency
Association
1866
London
1867
Poona
1876
Calcutta
1885
Bombay
3.
4.
5.
Name
1.
Anushilan Samiti;
journal: Yugantar
Year/
Place
1902/
Bengal
Bengal
Founder/
Others
Promotha Mitter/
Rashbehari Bose,
Sachin Sanyal,
Prafulla Chaki,
Key idea(s)
Limited to giving physical and
moral training to supporters;
not very significant till 190708; in 1906, members
Khudiram Bose
2.
Journals: Keshari,
Mahratta
1890s/
Maharasht
ra
3.
1897;
merge in
1904/
Maharasht
ra
Punjab
4.
5.
Anjurnan-iMohisban-iWatan; journal:
Bharat Mata
Lahore
6.
Indian Home
Rule Society
London,
1905
7.
Journal: Bande
Mataram
8.
Paris
Berlin
Bal Gangadhar
Tilak/ Chapekar
brothers
(murdered
Plague
commissioner of
Poona, Rand)
Savarkar
Ajit Singh
(Bhagat Singhs
uncle)
Shyamji
Krishnavarma
Madam Bhikaji
Cama
Virendranath
Chattopadhyay
31.
List two important events in 1906 that preceded and directly
contributed to the final shape of the Minto-Morley reforms (Page
69)
32.
List the key features of the Minto-Morley reforms, with
regards to: (a) composition of the Imperial Legislative Council,
(b) power of the council regarding legislation, and (c) one key
difference between the provisions at the central and provincial
level.
33.
Who was Satyendranath Sinha?
34.
What was the response of the moderates, the extremists,
and the revolutionaries to the First World War? (Check)
35.
Mention some pre-Ghadar Party nationalists actions in
foreign lands (end of Page 68) (3 points)
36.
When was the Ghadar party established?
37.
What were the ex-professions of Ghadrites?
38.
Name some of the prominent Ghadrites.
39.
Which Act was passed to curb Ghadrite activity?
40.
Describe the area, pattern, and leaders of revolutionary
activity during the First World War.
41.
What were some of the key features of the overall action
plan of the Ghadarites?
42.
What was the Komagata Maru incident, and when did it take
place?
43.
What effect did it have on the Ghadar movement?
44.
Critically evaluate the Ghadar movement (strengths and
weaknesses)
45.
List 3 reasons why there was a temporary respite in
revolutionary activity after the First World War. (Page 73)
46.
After having been imprisoned in 1908 for 6 years, upon his
return, what were the tactics employed by Tilak to gain re-entry
into the Congress and get back onto the nationalist scene?
47.
Describe the key features of the Home Rule Movement
(backdrop, leaders, demands, role of Congress, social base)
48.
What was the main programme of action adopted by the
Home Rule Leagues?
49.
What was the main demand of the HRLs?
50.
Why did the masses readily participate? (P. 74)
51.
Name 2 newspapers ran by Annie Besant.
52.
What were the geographies where Tilak/ Besant operated?
53.
What was the Muslim Leagues stand?
54.
What was the impact of Gandhis arrival on the HRLs?
55.
What was the response of the Government to the HRLs?
56.
Why did the HRL agitation fade out by 1919?
57.
What were the two most enduring contributions of the HRL
movement? (Page 76)
58.
What were the 2 very significant developments at the 1916
Congress session?
59.
Write key points of the Lucknow Pact.
60.
Why did moderates and extremists decide to come together
again?
61.
What were the reasons for the shift in Muslim leagues
stance around 1916? (4)
62.
What was the importance of Montagues 1917 statement?
Chapter 05: National Movement, 1919-39
Era of Mass Nationalism
1. List the 3 main reasons for the nationalist resurgence after the
end of the First World War.
2. List the key provisions of the Government of India Act, 1919,
with regards to the changes It brought in the legislature and the
executive arrangements at the provincial and central levels.
(Page 85)
3. What were the major drawbacks of the GoI Act of 1919?
4. What was the Rowlatt Act? When and why was it passed?
5. Who was the Viceroy then?
Name
Year/
Place
1917/
Bihar
1.
Champaran
Satyagraha
2.
Ahmedabad Mill
Strike
1918/
Gujarat
3.
Kheda
Satyagraha
1918/
Gujarat
Key idea(s)
European planters used the tinkathia
system, which forced peasants to grow indigo
on 3/20th of their total land. Indigo prices
were dropping due to synthetic substitutes,
but planters were demanding high rents and
illegal dues before allowing peasants to shift
to other crops. Gandhi convinced
government to abolish tinkathia, and as a
compromise, agreed that the planters will
only pay back 25% of the illegal dues that
were taken so far
Discontinuation of plague bonus; Gandhi
asked workers to strike and demand a 35%
wage hike. Fast unto death; mill owners
agreed
Crop failure, but government didnt follow its
own revenue code (that said that if produce
is less than 25% of normal, no taxes); Gandhi
protested, authorities said only those could
afford to pay should do so
2. What was the response of Gandhi, Bose, and Nehru to the war
question?
3. What was the governments response to Congress demands?
4. When did the Muslim League issue the Pakistan Resolution?
5. What was the August Offer?
6. Why did Gandhi launch individual satyagrahas towards the end
of 1940s? Who was the first person to offer such satyagraha?
7. What was to be the demand of the satyagrahis? (Page 148)
8. What was the Dilli Chalo movement?
9. When and why was the Cripps mission sent?
10. What were its main recommendations? (4)
11. Outline the objections of the Congress and the Muslim League
to the Cripps recommendations.
12. List 2 main reasons why Gandhi thought that the time was
ripe to launch the QIM.
13. What was the governments response?
14. What was the popular response to this? (Underground
movements, parallel governments in Ballia, Midnapore, Satara
etc.; covered almost every section of Indian society)
15. Describe the causes of the 1943 famine. (3)
16. Describe the Rajagopalachari formula.
17. Describe the Desai-Liaqat pact.
18. Describe the Wavell Plan, and Congress and Leagues
reactions to it.
19. Describe the 1945 elections (why then?), campaign strategy,
INA issue.
20. Describe the 3 upsurges in 1945 and 1946. What common
features did they share?
21. What was the potential of these upsurges? (Page 162)
22. Why did the Congress not support these upsurges?
23. What were the results of the 1945 elections? What was their
significance? (Page 163)
24. What were the 2 main reasons for voting along strict
communal lines? (P. 163)
25. Describe the Cabinet Mission Plan. (Page 165)
26. Describe Attlees statement on February 20, 1947.
27. What was the Mountbatten Plan?
28. Acceptance of partition by the Congress was only a final act
of the process of step-by-step concessions to the Leagues
championing of a separate Muslim state. Explain. (Page 173)
N.
1.
Name
August Offer
Year
1940
Key idea(s)
Reason: Hitlers astounding success made Brits
afraid
Offer: Dominion status, Constituent Assemble after
the war (mainly in Indian hands), no constitution
to be adopted without consent of minorities
2.
Cripps Mission
1942
(Blueprint
for Indias
partition)
3.
Rajagopalacha
ri formula
1944
4.
Desai-Liaqat
Pact
1945
5.
Wavell Plan/
Shimla Plan
1945
(May;
after the
war)
6.
7.
Sept.
1945
Cabinet
Mission
(Separate
Grouping)
Feb
1946
8.
Attlees
statement
Feb.
1947
9.
Mountbatten
Plan
June
1947
Name
Time
Causes
1.
Sanyasi
revolt
1770s
2.
Chuar
uprising
Midnapore
3.
Ho rising
4.
Kol Mutiny
17661772;
then
17951816
182037
1831
5.
Kandh
uprising
183756
Patna
Chakra
Bisoi
6.
Santhal
Hool
1854
onward
s
Rajmahal
hills
Sido and
Kanhu
7.
Ahom
Revolt
1828
Assam
Gomdhar
Konwar
8.
Khasi
uprising
1830s
Northeaste
rn states
9.
Pagal
Panthis
18251840s
Bengal to
Garo hills
10.
Faraizi
revolt
183857
Eastern
Bengal
11.
Munda
revolt
1890s
(Birsa
was
killed in
1900)
S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
S.No.
1.
Chotanagp
ur
Chotanagp
ur
Chotanagp
ur
Time
181746
1819
Waghera
rising
Koli rising
Ramosi
1820
Baroda
1830s
Gujarat
SataraWestern
Ghats (hill
tribes)
Gujarat
1844
Name
Revolt of
Raja of
Time
1765
1844
Dadu Mian
(son of Haji
Shariat
Allah)
Birsa
Munda
Western India
Area
Leaders
Khandesh
Sewaram
Name
Bhil
uprising
Cutch
rebellion
Surat salt
agitations
Kolhapur/
Savantvadi
revolts
Cutch,
Gujarat
Maharasht
ra
Rao
Bharamal
Chittur
Singh
Government withdrew duty
Gadkaris
South India
Area
Leaders
Northern
Sarkars
2.
3.
4.
Vizianagar
am
Poligars
revolt
Divan Velu
Tampis
revolt
Rampa
revolt
revolt
1856
Malabar
1810s
Travancore
1879
Coastal
Andhra
North India
Area
Leaders
Syed
Ahmed of
Rai Bareilly
S.No.
1.
Name
Wahabi
movement
Time
1830s
2.
Kuka
revolt/
Namdhari
revolt
1870s
Punjab
Baba Ram
Singh/
Bhagat
Jawahar
Mal/ Baba
Balak Singh
Name
Indigo
revolt
Tim
e
1859
-60
Peasant Movements
Area
Leaders
Causes
Bengal
Digambar
Biswas,
Bishnu
Biswas
2.
Pabna
Agrarian
Leagues
1879
Eastern
Bengal
3.
Deccan
Riots
1874
Poona,
Ahmednag
ar,
Sholapur,
Satara
4.
Kisan
Sabha
Moveme
nt
1920
s
Awadh (Rai
Bareilly,
Faizabad,
Sultanpur)
5.
Eka
(Unity)
Moveme
nt
1921
United
Provinces
6.
Mapilla
Revolt
1921
Malabar
7.
Bardoli
Satyagra
ha
1926
Surat
Gauri
Shankar
Mishra,
Indra
Dwivedi
Madari Pasi,
and other
lowercaste
leaders
9.
10.
Indian
Kisan
Congress
Sabha
Tebhaga
Moveme
nt
1936
Lucknow
1946
North
Bengal
Telangan
a
Moveme
nt
1946
Hyderabad
State
Swami
Sahajanand
Saraswati,
NG Ranga
Principally
among
Rajbanshis
, a low
caste of
tribal origins