EE 555 Renewable Energy Systems

Assignment 1
Due Date: 21st September 2016, 5:00 pm
RA Room, Power Lab
Guidelines:

You must submit your assignment solution on A4 sheets.

Use Matlab/Excel to draw all graphs if required, properly label them too.
Use air density as 1.2 kg/m3 where required.

Problem 1
Wind is blowing at a speed of 5 m/s at standard atmospheric pressure. Calculate the following,
a)
b)
c)
d)

Total power density in wind stream.

Total power produced by an ideal turbine of 10m diameter.
Total power produced a real turbine of 10m diameter working at 30% efficiency.
What is tip speed ratio of the turbine if the rotor is moving at 40 rpm?

Problem 2
A 40 m, three bladed wind turbine produces 600 kW at a wind speed of 14 m/s. Under these conditions:
a) At what rpm does the rotor turn when it operates with a TSR of 4.0?
b) What is the tip speed of the rotor?
c) If the generator needs to turn at 1800 rpm, what gear ratio is needed to match the rotor speed to the
generator speed?
d) What is the efficiency of the complete wind turbine (blades, gear box, generator) under these
conditions?

Problem 3
Using the data given in Fig. 1:
a) Find the average wind speed.
b) Find the average power in the wind.

c) Compare the result with that which would be obtained if the average power were miscalculated using
just the average wind speed.
Wind Speed (m/s) Hours per Year
24
0
276
1
527
2
729
3
869
4
941
5
946
6
896
7
805
8
690
9
565
10
444
11
335
12
243
13
170
14
114
15
74
16
46
17
28
18
16
19
9
20
5
21
3
22
1
23
1
24
0
25
8760
Total Hours

Site Data
Hours per year of wind Speed

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Wind Speed

Fig 1

Problem 4
On a typical day in two location of Pakistan the wind speed is measured numerous times and the data is
summarized below:
Wind speed, v
(m/s)

Site A
Total number of wind speed recordings
in 24 hr interval
0
20
20
12
21
45
52
65
80
32
18
6
0
0
0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Site B
Total number of wind speed recordings
in 24 hr interval
10
30
52
63
85
65
54
10
50
10
0
0
0
0
0

Based on the data given in the table:

a) Calculate (in tabular form) the wind speed distribution for sites A and B.
Hint: For wind speed at each site divide the number of recordings by the total number of observations to get
the probabilities for each wind speed.
A mass produced wind Turbine is to be installed at both of these sites. The power curve values for the site is
given below.
V(m/s)
Power
output
(kW)

10

11

12

13

14

10

30

60

120

300

300

250

50

b) Calculate the energy production per hour for each wind speeds.
c) Calculate the cumulative energy production per day at both sites (A and B).

Problem 5
A 32.5 KW rated horizontal axis 3-blade wind turbine system has a rotor diameter of 10 m. The cut in, cutout
and rated speeds are 5m/s, 15m/s and 12m/s, respectively with power coefficient equal to 0.4. This turbine
system is to be installed in a location which has the wind power density profile shown in Fig 2.
a) Carefully sketch the wind turbine output for the system.
b) Shade the usable area on Fig 2 if the turbine system was to be installed at this site.

c) What would be the total daily electricity produced by this system?

1.0

Power Density
2

Power Density (kW/m )

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0

10

15

20

25

Duration (hrs/day)

Fig 2

Problem 6
Suppose the wind probability density function is just a constant over the 5 m/s to 20 m/s range of wind speeds,
Fig 3. The power curve for a small 1 kW windmill is also shown, Fig 4.
a) What is the probability that the wind is blowing between 5 m/s and 15 m/s?
b) What is the annual energy that the wind turbine would generate?
c) What is the average power in the wind?

f(V)

PDF

10

15

Wind Speed (m/s)

Fig 3

20

25

Power Curve for Windmill

1000
900

Power (W)

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0

10

12

14

16

Wind Speed (m/s)

Fig 4

Problem 7
The power coefficient is not a static value, it varies with the tip speed ratio of the turbine. Given that the
rotational speed of the turbine is 15 rpm, Calculate and fill it in the following table. Then read the
corresponding value of Cp using Fig 5. This Cp value can then be used to calculate the power at that wind
speed. Finally, calculate the energy.
The cut in speed of the turbine is 7 m/s and the cut off speed of the turbine in 25 m/s. The blade length is 52m.
Also mark correctly the regions on the table where the turbine will not operate.

Wind Speed (m/s)

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27

Time
(h)
531
1407
1831
1769
1386
913
524
249
105
39
12
3
1
0
Total

Cp

Power
(KW)

Energy
(KWh)

Fig 5.

Problem 8
The probability density functions of wind speed for two sites is given below. You are required to decide which
site is better to install a 2MW wind turbine for 20 years. Assume the power output of the turbine varies as the
cube of the velocity.
Site A
Rs 1.0 million
Rs 100,000 per year
Rs. 50 /MWhr
Rs 1.0 million

Cost of land
Operation and Maintenance
Price of Electricity sold
Cost of Turbine

Site B
Rs 2.0 million
Rs 100,000 per year
Rs. 50 /MWhr
Rs 1.0 million

f(V)

Site A

10

WindSpeed

15

20

Fig 6.

f(V)

Site B

10

WindSpeed

Fig 7.

15

20