Lovely institute of management

Assignment
Of
Research Methodology

Submitted to:

Submitted by:

Shukhwinder arora

Ravi Kant
A-15
11004837

Problem definition: - Empirical study of expenditure pattern of students of lovely professional university
Objective: - 1) Identify the expenditure pattern of the student.
2) Identify the factor which affects the expenditure pattern of the student.

Research Methodology
Research Design:
I am conducting research on the expenditure pattern of the LPU student in which problem and objectives are defined so this is a descriptive research
in which we to find out the relationship between the variables.
POPULATION:
The purpose of the research is to identify the expenditure pattern of the student and identify the factor which affects the expenditure of the students.
Because I am conducting research on expenditure patter of LPU students so the population of my research is the student of LPU.
SAMPLING METHOD
In this research, we will use the convenient sampling. The convenient sampling is one in which the researcher according to his convenience collects
the data regarding to his research from various respondent.
SAMPLING ELEMENT
The sampling elements are those who are the respondents of my research.

SAMPLE SIZE
Sampling size refers to the number of respondent to be selected from the population to constitute a sample. This is the major problem before the
researcher. The size of the sample should neither be excessively large nor too small; it should be and must be the true representatives of the
population. Thats why I take 100 respondents for my research.

AREA OF STUDY:
My research is regarding to the expenditure of the LPU student to the area of my study is whole campus of lovely Professional University.

Sources of data: - In this research I study the primary and secondary data.
Primary data:

Questionnaire

Secondary data:

Books

Journals/articles

Newspapers

Internet websites

Hypothesis: - In this technique we take the two assumptions null and alternative on following.
H0: - Factor does not affect the expenditure of student.
H1: - Factor is affecting the expenditure of student.

Data analysis technique: Factor analysis

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square

.702
775.487

df

325

Sig.

.000

Interpretation: - These item shows that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test. The KMO measures the sampling adequacy which
should be greater than 0.5 for a satisfactory factor analysis to proceed. Looking at the table below, the KMO measure is 0.702 it means my data is
educate for this research.

Communalities
Initial

Extraction

How much amount do you spend on the stationary

0.442

How much amount do you spend on the Cloths

0.707

How much amount do you spend on the Food

0.84

0.662

0.499

How much amount do you spend on the Cell phone bills

How much amount do you spend on the Travelling
How much amount do you spend on the Entertainment
1

0.677

How much amount do you spend on the Cosmetics

0.757

How much amount do you spend on the Health

0.499

0.682

0.759

How much amount do you spend on the Sports item

How much amount do you spend on the Personal expense
How much amount do you spend on the Smoking

0.824

How much amount do you spend on the Drinking

0.818

How much amount do you spend on room rent

0.682

How much amount do you spend on styling

0.632

0.659

How much amount do you spend on internet connection

How much amount do you spend academic purpose

0.558

My expenditure are influenced by latest market trends

0.499

My expenditure are influenced by my friends decisions

0.584

My expenditure are influenced by availability of money

0.623

My expenditure are influenced due to social status

0.768

My expenditure are influenced by advertisement of the products

1

0.642

My expenditure are influenced by the various occasions(like festival,

birthday of me and friends)

0.659

My expenditure are influenced due to girlfriend/boyfriend

0.576

My expenditure are influenced due to smoking

0.793

My expenditure are influenced due to cell phone

0.82

My expenditure are influenced due to drinking

0.76

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Interpretation: - this item shows from the output is a table of communalities which shows how much of the variance in the variables has been

accounted for by the extracted factors. For instance over 82.0% of the variance in expenditure of the student is accounted for while 76.0% of the
variance in availability of the money is accounted for.

Total Variance Explained

Initial Eigenvalues

Compon
ent

Total

% of Variance

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Cumulative %

Total

% of Variance

Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings

Cumulative %

Total

% of Variance

Cumulative %

4.801

18.466

18.466

4.801

18.466

18.466

2.737

10.526

10.526

2.896

11.137

29.604

2.896

11.137

29.604

2.329

8.958

19.484

1.980

7.615

37.219

1.980

7.615

37.219

2.163

8.320

27.804

1.742

6.698

43.917

1.742

6.698

43.917

2.155

8.287

36.091

1.405

5.406

49.323

1.405

5.406

49.323

2.125

8.173

44.264

1.214

4.668

53.991

1.214

4.668

53.991

1.655

6.365

50.629

1.201

4.620

58.610

1.201

4.620

58.610

1.528

5.877

56.506

1.161

4.464

63.074

1.161

4.464

63.074

1.498

5.761

62.267

1.022

3.930

67.004

1.022

3.930

67.004

1.232

4.737

67.004

10

.925

3.560

70.564

11

.814

3.133

73.696

12

.807

3.105

76.801

13

.738

2.838

79.639

14

.685

2.634

82.273

15

.626

2.407

84.680

16

.594

2.284

86.964

17

.533

2.048

89.012

18

.449

1.728

90.740

19

.425

1.636

92.377

20

.398

1.531

93.908

21

.353

1.358

95.266

22

.348

1.338

96.604

23

.269

1.036

97.640

24

.246

.945

98.585

25

.223

.859

99.444

26

.144

.556

100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Interpretation: - The these item shows all the factors extractable from the analysis along with their eigenvalues, the percent of variance

attributable to each factor, and the cumulative variance of the factor and the previous factors. Notice that the first factor accounts for 67.004of the
variance, the second 67.004and the third 67.004 All the remaining factors are not significant.

Interpretation: - The scree plot is a graph of the given values against all the factors. The graph is useful for determining how many factors to retain.
The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten. It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten due to change in the factor regularly. Note also
that factor has an given value value of less than 1, so all factors have been retained.

Component Matrixa
Component
1
How much amount do you
spend on the stationary
How much amount do you
spend on the Cloths
How much amount do you
spend on the Food
How much amount do you
spend on the Cell phone bills
How much amount do you
spend on the Travelling
How much amount do you
spend on the Entertainment
How much amount do you
spend on the Cosmetics
How much amount do
you spend on the Health
How much amount do you
spend on the Sports item

-.091

.537

.255

-.059

.256

-.072

.006

.049

.055

.112

.604

-.495

.207

-.002

.028

.187

-.056

-.058

.006

.390

-.386

-.254

.139

-.473

.374

.224

-.200

.439

.287

-.417

-.226

.012

.187

-.046

.287

-.208

.515

.186

.051

.062

-.307

-.099

-.116

.273

.011

.516

.436

-.156

-.038

-.289

-.049

-.305

-.071

-.109

.200

.630

-.080

.368

-.128

-.009

-.139

-.363

.108

.019

.436

.391

-.138

.285

-.186

.013

-.095

.108

.452

.195

.505

-.101

.030

.244

-.218

-.057

.250

.356

-.075

-.249

.247

.518

-.074

.104

.052

.466

.670

-.163

.401

.281

-.140

-.108

.140

.166

-.177

.637

-.073

.380

.324

-.184

-.122

.081

.164

-.274

.504

-.074

.155

-.008

-.178

.006

.540

-.166

.219

.576

.165

-.351

.120

-.112

.279

.052

-.197

.050

.676

.175

.066

.253

.140

-.023

.243

.046

.149

.226

.450

.419

-.155

.279

-.083

-.075

.120

-.014

-.382

.051

.282

.301

-.041

.322

.145

.168

-.163

-.420

.415

.194

-.081

-.026

.287

.174

.183

-.210

-.221

.095

-.002

.315

.580

.198

-.204

.100

-.198

-.074

.232

.203

-.304

.108

.254

.473

-.450

-.269

-.440

-.189

-.041

.250

-.092

.121

.365

.369

.237

-.287

.105

-.120

.690

.015

.212

.011

-.142

-.100

-.539

-.049

.125

.022

-.232

-.280

.054

-.353

.084

-.555

.562

.053

-.089

-.310

.128

-.027

.102

.186

-.480

.168

.112

.473

.011

-.529

-.037

-.100

-.184

-.505

.475

.074

.048

-.270

-.030

.023

.288

.339

How much amount do you

spend on the Personal
expense
How much amount do you
spend on the Smoking
How much amount do you
spend on the Drinking
How much amount do you
spend on room rent
How much amount do you
spend on styling
How much amount do you
spend on internet connection
How much amount do you
spend academic purpose
My expenditure are influenced
by latest market trends
My expenditure are influenced
by my friends decisions
My expenditure are influenced
by availability of money
My expenditure are influenced
due to social status
My expenditure are influenced
by advertisement of the
products
My expenditure are influenced
by the various occasions(like
festival, birthday of me and
friends)
My expenditure are influenced
due to girlfriend/boyfriend
My expenditure are influenced
due to smoking
My expenditure are influenced
due to cell phone
My expenditure are influenced
due to drinking

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

a. 9 components extracted.

Interpretation: - The table below shows the loadings of the eight variables on the three factors extracted. The higher the absolute value of the

loading, the more the factor contributes to the variable. The gap on the table represent loadings that are less because of changing the value of the
factor which affect the expenditure of the student this makes reading the table easier.

Rotated Component Matrixa

Component
1
How much amount do you
spend on the stationary
How much amount do you
spend on the Cloths
How much amount do you
spend on the Food
How much amount do you
spend on the Cell phone bills
How much amount do you
spend on the Travelling
How much amount do you
spend on the Entertainment
How much amount do you
spend on the Cosmetics
How much amount do
you spend on the Health
How much amount do you
spend on the Sports item

-.066

.105

.605

.184

-.031

.112

.007

.100

.054

-.069

.650

.011

.166

.160

.124

.140

.425

.100

-.062

.063

.182

.023

.089

-.139

.039

.876

.036

.058

.266

.006

-.084

.695

-.029

-.060

.298

-.068

.464

.253

.087

.027

.253

-.238

-.056

.015

-.295

.197

.616

.149

-.184

.280

-.204

-.209

.035

-.196

.052

.818

.224

.050

-.141

.064

.066

-.064

9.674E-5

-.007

.041

.682

.009

-.129

-.027

.056

.021

.104

.251

.115

.481

-.051

.233

-.161

.059

-.536

.013

.015

.051

.056

-.168

.128

.094

.823

.041

-.147

.878

-.024

.033

-.162

.068

-.070

.068

-.107

-.019

.883

.063

.044

-.149

.050

-.007

-.039

-.064

-.048

.444

.078

-.047

-.003

.033

-.447

.352

-.059

.386

.164

.558

-.187

-.163

.388

-.096

.223

-.067

.135

.524

.269

.182

-.090

.206

-.057

.469

.024

.066

.176

.023

.712

-.011

.135

.028

-.022

.007

.007

.102

-.136

-.040

.464

-.112

.402

-.169

-.142

.176

-.121

-.037

.236

.512

.071

.230

-.331

.094

.271

-.144

-.061

.169

-.032

.046

.745

.094

-.011

-.049

-.086

.035

.209

-.023

-.005

-.032

-.151

.046

.830

-.036

-.310

-.313

.605

-.132

.106

.217

.065

-.014

.011

.326

-.263

.242

-.285

.573

.076

-.084

.054

-.265

-.034

-.067

.119

-.652

-.142

-.178

-.016

.089

-.372

.216

.220

.674

-.112

-.069

-.296

.012

-.022

.025

.091

.089

.108

-.743

.329

-.133

.288

-.176

-.238

.113

.212

.742

-.176

-.088

-.093

.069

-.206

How much amount do you

spend on the Personal
expense
How much amount do you
spend on the Smoking
How much amount do you
spend on the Drinking
How much amount do you
spend on room rent
How much amount do you
spend on styling
How much amount do you
spend on internet connection
How much amount do you
spend academic purpose
My expenditure are influenced
by latest market trends
My expenditure are influenced
by my friends decisions
My expenditure are influenced
by availability of money
My expenditure are influenced
due to social status
My expenditure are influenced
by advertisement of the
products
My expenditure are influenced
by the various occasions(like
festival, birthday of me and
friends)
My expenditure are influenced
due to girlfriend/boyfriend
My expenditure are influenced
due to smoking
My expenditure are influenced
due to cell phone
My expenditure are influenced
due to drinking

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 19 iterations.

Interpretation: - The idea of rotation is to reduce the number factors on which the variables under investigation have high loadings. Rotation

does not actually change anything but makes the interpretation of the analysis easier. Looking at the table below, we can see that availability of the
money for expenditure of the student, are substantially loaded on Factor (Component) All the remaining variables are substantially loaded on Factor
1. These factors can be used as variables for further analysis.

Component Transformation Matrix

Compo
nent

.599

.282

.085

-.445

.460

-.261

.265

-.076

-.028

-.087

.630

.609

.352

.104

.056

-.122

.259

.066

.431

-.353

.548

.127

-.289

-.021

-.201

-.473

.158

.410

.341

-.264

.192

-.385

.571

.296

-.112

-.185

-.232

-.286

.422

-.346

.120

.539

.484

.131

.105

-.136

.072

-.200

.283

.569

.292

-.047

-.547

.383

.250

-.162

-.137

.329

-.072

-.181

.341

.411

.679

.261

-.410

.039

.474

.442

.108

-.007

.276

-.504

-.276

.037

.111

.305

-.086

-.427

.659

-.360

-.251

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Conclusion: - You should now be able to perform a factor analysis and interpret the result. Many other items are produce in the output, for the
purpose of this illustration they have been ignored. Note that the correlation matrix can used as input to factor analysis. In this case you have to use
SPSS command syntax which is outside the scope of this document.

Statistics
Statistics

gender of the

age of the

course of the

in present where

monthly

respondent

respondent

respondent

are you living

expenditure

Valid

98

98

98

98

98

Missing

gender of the respondent

Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

male

84

85.7

85.7

85.7

female

14

14.3

14.3

100.0

Total

98

100.0

100.0

Interpretation: - In this research I survey 100 respondent from my target population in which 85.71% were male respondent and the rest of 14.29%
respondent were female.

age of the respondent

Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

under 18

15

15.3

15.3

15.3

18-22

69

70.4

70.4

85.7

22-25

12

12.2

12.2

98.0

2.0

2.0

100.0

98

100.0

100.0

above 25
Total

Interpretation: - From my sampling population 15.31% respondent were the age of under 18, and 70.41% respondent were under the age of 18-22,
and 12.24% respondent were under the age of 22-25, and the rest of 2.04% respondent were above 25.

course of the respondent

Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

B. Tech

47

48.0

48.0

48.0

MBA

26

26.5

26.5

74.5

diploma

16

16.3

16.3

90.8

9.2

9.2

100.0

98

100.0

100.0

any other
Total

Interpretation: - From my sample population 47.96% respondent are in the course of B.Tech. and 26.53% respondent are in the course of MBA and
16.33% respondent are doing diploma and the rest of the 9.18% respondent are doing any other course in the lovely professional university.

in present where are you living

Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

hostel

57

58.2

58.2

58.2

PG

21

21.4

21.4

79.6

9.2

9.2

88.8

at your home

11

11.2

11.2

100.0

Total

98

100.0

100.0

on rent

Interpretation: - From my sample population 58.16% respondent are living in the hostel and 21.43% respondent are living in the PG and 9.18% respondent are
living on the rent and rest of the 11.22% respondent are living at their home.

monthly expenditure
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

1000-2000

27

27.6

27.6

27.6

2000-5000

47

48.0

48.0

75.5

5000-8000

14

14.3

14.3

89.8

above 8000

9.2

9.2

99.0

1.0

1.0

100.0

98

100.0

100.0

Total

Interpretation: - From my sample population the expenditure of 27.55% respondent are 1000-2000 and the expenditure of 48.98% respondent are 2000-5000 and
the expenditure of 14.29 respondent are 5000-8000 and the rest of the respondent are spending more than 8000 per month.
+