PWC 1010 WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION

TRIMESTER 2, 2014/15 SESSION

FORMAL REPORT
TITLE: THE SMARTPHONE USE IN WORKPLACE
PREPARED BY:
STUDENT NAME
NG TIONG SIK
TAY WAN ROU
LAI SENG YAO
TEE WEI SHAN
WAN FUAD AIZAT
NEO ZHI YIENG
NURAININ SUFIA BT MD. NOORDIN
GHAYATHIRI A/P ARASAKUMARAN

STUDENT ID
1102203555
1121118786
1121118798
1102703493
1101108348
1131119998
1122702376
1131119790

SECTION: FOE 2
PREPARED FOR:
MDM. DAHLIA SYAHRANI MD YUSOF
REPORT SUBMISSION DATE:
5TH JANUARY 2014

Table of Contents
Abstract/Summary...........................................................................................................................3
Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................................4

1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................5
1.2 Terms of Reference................................................................................................................6
1.3 Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................................7
1.4 Methodology..........................................................................................................................7
2.0 Findings (List of Tables and Figures)........................................................................................9
3.0 Discussion and Conclusion......................................................................................................23
4.0 Recommendations....................................................................................................................24
List of References..........................................................................................................................26
Appendices....................................................................................................................................27

List of Figures
Figure 1 : Gender Analysis in Smartphone Usage.........................................................................10
Figure 2 : Age Analysis in Smartphone Usage..............................................................................11
Figure 3 : Type of Smartphone brand used....................................................................................12

Figure 4 : The Frequency of OTS Employees Check their Smartphones in the Workplace..........13
Figure 5 : Permission to use Smartphone in workplace................................................................14
Figure 6 : Work Productivity of using Smartphone (Increase/Decrease)......................................15
Figure 7 : The Use of Smartphone for Work Matters....................................................................16
Figure 8 : The Use of Smartphone for Non-Work Matters............................................................18
Figure 9 : Disadvantages of the use of Smartphones in Workplace..............................................19
Figure 10 : The Usage of Smartphones for Communication at the Workplace.............................20
Figure 11 : The Effects of Smartphone in Work Productivity.......................................................21
List of Table
Table 1 : Gender Analysis in Smartphone Usage..........................................................................10
Table 2 : Age Analysis in Smartphone Usage................................................................................11
Table 3 : Type of Smartphone Brand used.....................................................................................12
Table 4 : The Frequency of OTS Employees Check their Smartphones in the Workplace...........13
Table 5 : Permission to use Smartphone in workplace..................................................................14
Table 6 : Work Productivity of using Smartphone in the workplace (Increase/Decrease)............15
Table 7 : The Use of Smartphone for Work Matters......................................................................16
Table 8 : The Use of Smartphone for Non-Work Matters.............................................................17
Table 9 : Disadvantages of the Use of Smartphones in Workplace...............................................18
Table 10 : The Usage of Smartphones for Communication at the Workplace...............................20
Table 11 : The Effects of Smartphone in Work Productivity.........................................................21

Abstract/Summary
With the advancement of technology and lowering material cost, Smartphone has become
more powerful and affordable to the masses. This report investigates the effects of Smartphone

usage in workplace among employees in Opportunity To Succeed (OTS) Insurance Company at

Petaling Jaya. Areas of investigation include gender, age, brands, usage purposes etc. A survey
among OTS employees has been conducted on 100 respondents by conducting an online survey
and distributing forms to the workers.
In summary, a majority of the respondents check their Smartphone often during their
working hours. This is due to the reason that most of them have the permission to use their
Smartphone for work. Despite that, a majority of the respondents decided to be neutral whether
the usage of Smartphone actually increases or decreases general work productivity. Most of the
respondents support the usage of Smartphone for work matters, and also for non-work related
matters during their working hours. However, most of the respondents are neutral about whether
the usage of Smartphone is actually an advantage or disadvantage to the working environment.
Although most of them are being neutral about it, most of the respondents decided that they
usage of Smartphone as a communication tool was necessary, as they are an important asset in
their workplace. The majority of the respondents however that in their company, the work
productivity was actually decreasing with the usage of Smartphone.

Acknowledgement

We would like to express our deepest appreciation to Mdm. Dahlia Syahrani, for guiding
us in the preparation of this report. From the beginning of the class, she gave us plenty of
briefing, and guidance for our report. Her sacrifice of time and sincerity in teaching has
motivated us to work zealously.
Furthermore, we would also like to thank the Manager of OTS, Samuel Wong, for his
guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding our
report. Besides that, we appreciate him for allowing us to visit his company and pass around the
survey questionnaires to the employees.
Moreover, we would like to express our gratitude and thanks to our families and friends
who are there to help us out in giving suggestions and provide us mentally support. With their
guidance and support, we are able to complete our report on time.

Lastly, we would like to thank our teammates which had put in a lot of efforts in
completing this assignment and submitting it on time. We were able to divide our jobs with
everyones consensus and managed to finish our respective tasks successfully. In the process of
completing this assignment, we have also learnt about tolerance. Although our backgrounds
differ and we do not have the same time schedule, we could compromise with one another and
are able to assemble all the divided tasks to finish this report together.

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
Malaysian Companies have a growing trend of using smartphones as part of their business
operations. Several companies have begun to utilize Smartphone (iPhone, Samsung, Blackberry,
HTC) as an essential platform for internal and external communication in both social and
business contexts (Osman, Sabudin, Osman, & Tan, 2014). Market research and analysis firms
from technology companies recently has revealed that the Smartphones have hit the market at a
milestone in 2013 with more than a billion devices shipped worldwide (Ronnie Teo, 2014). PC
Magazine Encyclopedia defined Smartphone as a mobile phone that could perform several
functions of a computer, typically having a touch screen interface, an operating system that is
capable of running downloaded apps, and access the internet.
According to the current statistic, compared with 54% globally, 76% of Malaysian
Companies reported that the majority of their employees using Smartphones for basic work tasks
such as online documents, checking e-mail, accessing digital media, capturing important
documents, and surfing website (Tanu Pandey, 2014). According to the survey, technology
researchers have proven that smartphones have gained a large amount of popularity as a
communication tools in the workplace environment globally (Osman, Sabudin, Osman, & Tan,
2014).
In Malaysia, since market and technology trend has gradually increases with the use of
modern technologies and gadgets. Social trends have also change, with the large population of
employees using Smartphones during working hours. Therefore, companies have formulated a
policy with the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) which is known as Bring Your Own
Technology (BYOT) This policy basically permits employees to bring their personal owned

mobile devices (Smartphones and Tablets) to their workplace. The advantage of having personal
devices in companies is that, it could be used to access privileged company information and
applications. According to the department of statistics, Bring you own device (BYOD) is making
a significant inroad in the business world, with about 75% of employees in high growth markets.
Moreover, 44% in developed markets already using their own technology at work (Department
of Statistics, 2014)
Established companies that are applying BYOD concept have proven successfully by
helping employees to be more productive and flexibility in their work. Also, it has increases
employee morale, convenience of using their own devices, and accomplishes tasks efficiently.
With the increased popularity of the Smartphone for personal communication uses in workplace,
employees are performing well in their work. The firm profitability has been gradually
increasing over time.

1.2 Terms of Reference

This report is mainly regarding the issue on work performance that has now come into
spotlight. There is a significant motivation in conducting a study on determinants of employee
performance using Smartphones in workplace in Malaysia companies. In this study, we intend to
identify the influence of motivation, organizational structure, amount, intensity and job
efficiency on the work performance of employees in the OTS Group Company, which is the
largest Life Insurance Agencies in the Financial Industry. This report was requested on the 1st
week of the trimester 2 which falls on the 20 th October 2014. This report was requested by our
PWC1010 Workplace Communication lecturer, Mdm. Dahlia Syahrani Md Yusof.

Those who took part in preparing this report are:

o
o
o
o

NG TIONG SIK
TAY WAN ROU
LAI SENG YAO
TEE WEI SHAN

o
o
o
o

WAN FUAD AIZAT

NEO ZHI YIENG
NURAININ SUFIA BT MD. NOORDIN
GHAYATHIRI A/P ARASAKUMARAN

The report are requested to be submitted on the 11 th week of the trimester which is 5 th January
2014 (Monday)
1.3 Purpose and Scope
The purpose of this report is:

To investigate how the Smartphone affects the job efficiency of employees in work.
To explore the purpose of the usage of Smartphone among employees in the workplace.
To study the attitude and behaviour of employees using Smartphone in the workplace.
To investigate the pros and cons of using Smartphone in the workplace.
To study addiction of Smartphones usage among employees at the workplace.
In this report, the study covered selected male and female sales personnel in OTS group

at two branches of the company, which is situated at Damansara Uptown and Damansara
Perdana. Throughout the survey process, the respondents were randomly chosen at OTS group
during lunch hour to take part in the questionnaire that we have prepared and apply the result as
our findings.

1.4 Methodology
The background information for this report was obtained mostly from secondary sources
(MMU library, Internet research, online journals and articles). However, the main resources were
obtained from OTS group. This study was based on a questionnaire survey done on 50
employees from OTS Group, Petaling Jaya. Before conducting the survey, the manager was
briefing us their company cultures and policies. Then, we were given an opportunity to interview
and question the managers. We were allowed to distribute the questionnaires to the employees
personally during lunch hour. At the meantime, we were observing the attitude and behaviour of

the use of Smartphone among the employees. The employees data information was collected
from online survey form by using IPad.
The respondents were required to answer three sections from the questionnaire:
Section A : Demographic 9 questions
Section B : Survey of Smartphone usage in workplace 3 questions
Section C : Smartphone usage in workplace, rating scale 28 questions
The primary data collected from the questionnaire survey form was analyzed by using
statistical analysis. Frequency counts and percentages of the data were shown in the form of
charts and tables. The findings that we obtained were summarized in the later part of the report.

2.0 Findings (List of Tables and Figures)

Background information for this report was obtained from the OTS Group records. The
study was based on the observation of employees from various departments in the company,
which are Human Resources, Finance, Marketing, Accounting, and Information Technology.
The study adopted the time-task observational technique (Goodrich, 2001). Eight of us which
represent the trained observers recorded the work activities of the selected subjects at regular
time intervals, using a pre-designed form.

According to the analysis and interpretation of the data below, we could observe that the
usage of Smartphone is very common in workplace. More than half of the OTS employees which
are 51% of the workers make use of Smartphone over 15 times at their workplace each day.
Majority of the employees assuming that by applying Smartphone has increases the productivity
of their work and has lead them to work efficiently and effectively. Besides that, Smartphone
allows instant access of information, conduct research and communicate with others easily. This
has led the employees to keep in contact amongst them even though they are in distant to work
overseas. For instance, manager of OTS group could still managed to supervise the other workers
via Skype or Teamviewer even though he is working overseas. Continuous internet access makes
these more convenient, which will positively impact the productivity. However, there is still a
minority of workers assuming that the usage of Smartphone negatively affects the productivity at
workplace. Workers tend to use their Smartphone for personal use during working hours which
could lead them to procrastinate with their work.
Several employees agree that they should work with Smartphone for communication
purposes at the workplace. The user can be connected to a network, anywhere and anytime,
which enables the user to communicate with colleagues efficiently. Malaysian citizens started to
buy Smartphones because it enables a broader sphere of communication which ultimately
allowing them to interact with each other conveniently, share ideas, and have online conferences
or meetings at any time. There are also minority of employees disagree the use of smartphones
for communication at workplace. Employees could use Smartphone for the other uses that are
not relating to work. For examples of mobile activities are Facebook social networking, tweeting,
watching video entertainment (YouTube), listening to music and etc. The capability of
Smartphone to process the above applications could distract employees and prevent them from
doing their work.
However, most of the employees are neutral with the disadvantages of using Smartphone
at workplace which is 40%. There are pros and cons by utilizing Smartphone at the workplace. It
is depending on the individual to make an assumption regarding the advantage and disadvantage
of the use of Smartphone. Almost similar number of them agreed and disagreed that there is a
disadvantage to use Smartphone at the workplace. Smartphone have enormous advantages and
potential in communication and productivity in the workplace. Smartphone also increases ones

ability to communicate socially. The disadvantages of Smartphone seem insignificant when

comparing them to the advantages.
Table 1 : Gender Analysis in Smartphone Usage
Gender
Female
Male

Quantity
34
66

Gender

Female

34%

Male

66%

Figure 1 : Gender Analysis in Smartphone Usage

The table 1 and figure 1 above show that the gender variables affect the Smartphone usage in
the workplace. The male respondents (66%) are more than the female respondents (34%) who
participated and cooperate in this survey activity. This has proved that male workers use
Smartphone regularly compared to female workers during working hours.

Table 2 : Age Analysis in Smartphone Usage

Age Range (years old)
<20
20-30
30-40
>40

Quantity
2
86
7
5

Percentage

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
%
20%
10%
0%

of Respondents
Below 20

20-30

30-40

Over 40

Age
Figure 2 : Age Analysis in Smartphone Usage
The table 2 and figure 2 above show that the age variables affect the Smartphone usage in
workplace. Throughout the findings, most of the Smartphone users are the age of 20-30 year old
respondents, which is 85%. This has proved that most of the employees who are in generation Y
prefer to use Smartphone during working hours. Besides that, the findings have proved that the
new technology have changed and spread at a fast pace. However, 8 % of the respondents are
employees within the age ranging from 30 to 40. And only 5% of the senior employees prefer the
use of Smartphone in the workplace.

Table 3 : Type of Smartphone Brand used

Smartphone Brand Used
HTC
One Plus
Lenovo
Apple
Samsung
Asus
Nokia

Quantity
5
3
7
18
46
6
1

Xiaomi
Blackberry
LG
Sony
Oppo

2
4
1
5
2

Type of Smartphone Brands Used

5% 2% 2% 5% 3%
7%
1%
4%
1%

18%

6%
46%

HTC
Lenovo
Samsung
Nokia
LG
Oppo

One Plus
Apple
Asus
Blackberry
Sony
Xiaomi

Figure 3 : Type of Smartphone brand used

The table 3 and figure 3 shows the type of Smartphone brand used by the OTS employees. The
most commonly used brands are Samsung (46%) followed by Apple (18%), Lenovo (7%) and
Asus (6%). Other brands such as HTC (5%), One Plus (3%), Nokia (2%), Blackberry (1%), are
used less than 5%
One of the reasons why Samsung is the most commonly used Smartphone brand followed
by Apple is due to successful brand marketing and promotion. Besides that, there is some
feedback from the surveyee who claimed that they are required to use a specific brand as they
were given a Smartphone from their company for their job purpose.

Table 4 : The Frequency of OTS Employees Check their Smartphones in the Workplace
Frequency
<5
5-10
10-15
>15

Quantity
14
22
13
51

The Frequency of OTS Employees Check their Smartphones in the Workplace

Below 5 times 5-10 times
10-15 times
Over 15 times

51%

14%
22%
13%

Figure 4 : The Frequency of OTS Employees Check their Smartphones in the Workplace

The table 4 and figure 4 shows the number of times of the employees check their
Smartphones in the workplace. It shows that 51% of the employees use their Smartphone more
than 15 times during working hours. 13% of the employees use their Smartphone 10-15 times
and 22% use their Smartphone 5-10 times while the remaining 14% use their Smartphone below
5 times. More than half of the employees accounted to using their Smartphone for a considerable
number of times in their workplace. This could be due to the necessity of the usage of
Smartphone for their job which includes e-mailing and searching for information that are related
to their jobs.

Table 5: Permission to use Smartphone in workplace

Permission
Yes
No

Quantity
87
13

Permission to use smart phone in workplace

13%

Yes
No
87%

Figure 5 : Permission to use Smartphone in workplace

The table 5 and figure 5 shows if the respondents are allowed to use Smartphones in their
workplace. 87% of the workers are allowed to use personal Smartphone in their workplace
while the other 13% are not allowed to use Smartphone during working time.
A majority of the respondents are allowed to use their Smartphone during working hours
as it was necessary for their jobs. Some of their usage would include sending reports, contacting
the clients and manager, searching for information and keeping in contact with other colleagues.
A minority of the respondents are not allowed to use their Smartphone in their workplace.
This could be due to the job nature of the employees and the policies that are set by the different
departments of the company. Some of the respondents are not required to use their Smartphone
for their jobs, and therefore are not allowed to use their Smartphones as they are deemed
unnecessary and might affect the efficiency of the workers, which in turn affects the productivity
of the company.
Table 6 : Work Productivity of using Smartphone in the workplace (Increase/Decrease)
Work Productivity
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

Quantity
91
68
130
72
39

10%

23%

18%
Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

17%
33%

Figure 6 : Work Productivity of using Smartphone (Increase/Decrease)

The table 6 and figure 6 shows how Smartphone affect the employees productivity. It shows
that only 10% of the respondents strongly agree the use of Smartphone in workplace could
increase their work productivity. However, a majority of 32% of the respondents neither support
nor disagree with the statement of the Smartphones use in the workplace. Moreover, only 28% of
respondents disagree and strongly disagree of the statement, and declared that the usage
smartphones do not contribute to work productivity.
The majority of the respondents chose to be neutral with their answers as how the
workers use their Smartphone properly for their jobs and how they increase the work
productivity in the end depends on the discipline of the individual who is using it and how often
do they need to use it for work compared to their actual usage time.
Table 7: The Use of Smartphone for Work Matters
Work Matters

Quantity

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

200
196
195
101
108

14%
25%
13%

Strongly Agree

Agree

24%

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

25%

Figure 7 : The Use of Smartphone for Work Matters

The table 7 and figure 7 show that the majority of the employees agree that the Smartphones
should be allowed at their working place. A majority of 49% of the respondents agree with the
usage of Smartphone for working purposes. However, 27% of the minority respondents do not
support the use of Smartphone in their workplace and 24% of the respondents neither agree nor
disagree with the rule of using smartphones in their workplace to accomplish their task.
The majority agreeing with the use of Smartphone for work is due to the nature of the
respondents. Most of the respondents are Generation Y respondents aged from 20-30 and need
the help of the technology to finish their task. The minority of the respondents who do not

support the use of Smartphone for work might think that they could accomplish their jobs
without the need to rely on technology.
Table 8: The Use of Smartphone for Non-Work Matters
Non-Work Matters
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

Quantity
130
141
163
87
78

13%

Strongly Agree

15%
Agree

Neutral

22%
Disagree

Strongly Disagree

24%
27%

Figure 8 : The Use of Smartphone for Non-Work Matters

The figure 8 and table 8 shows that 46% of the respondents totally agree that it is necessary to
have non-work matters in their workplace. They feel that they should be allowed to use
Smartphone for entertainment purposes. In their perception, they use Smartphone to reduce the
stress in work in order to perform their tasks effectively and efficiently. 27% of the respondents
just feel that it is okay to tolerate with the usage of smartphones for the non-workings matter at
the workplace. However, 27% of the respondents totally disagree that it is essential for the
workers to involve the use of Smartphone for non-working matters. This could be due to the

usage of Smartphone affecting the productivity of work by allowing non-work related matters to
be carried out in a working environment.
Table 9 : Disadvantages of the Use of Smartphones in Workplace
Disadvantages
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

Quantity
46
86
158
66
44

11%

12%

17%
Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

22%
Disagree

Strongly Disagree

40%

Figure 9 : Disadvantages of the use of Smartphones in Workplace

The figure 7 and table 7 shows that 32% of the respondents totally agree that there are more
disadvantages of using smartphones than the advantages. There is only a slight difference in
percentage where 28% of respondents declare that it provides more advantages to them.
However, a great percentage of 40% of respondents decided to be neutral about the usage of
Smartphone. To them, it depends on how the individuals use the Smartphones with regards to
their work and how they discipline themselves with the usage in the workplace.

Table 10 : The Usage of Smartphones for Communication at the Workplace

Usage of smartphones for communication at

Quantity

the workplace
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

87
100
104
62
47

12%

Strongly Agree

16%
Agree
Neutral
26%

22%
Disagree

Strongly Disagree

25%

Figure 10 : The Usage of Smartphones for Communication at the Workplace

The table 10 and figure 10 shows that most of the respondents (47%) agree that Smartphones are
crucial for communication with their colleagues at the workplace while (26%) of the respondents
are not affected with the usage of the smartphones as a communication medium. However, 27%
of respondents feel that with the use of smartphones as communication tools are absolutely
unimportant at the workplace.
The majority of the respondents agreeing to the usage of Smartphone for communication
purposes could be due to the importance of discussing jobs with their colleagues often and the
workers need to be able to contact each other with a faster response, especially with the help of
applications that do not require money to send messages.
Table 11 : The Effects of Smartphone in Work Productivity
Effects of Smartphone in Work

Increase

Decrease

Productivity
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

91
68
130
72
39

46
158
158
66
44

The Effects of Smartphone in Work Productivity

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Increase
Decrease

Figure 11 : The Effects of Smartphone in Work Productivity

180
160
140
120
100
80
60

Increases

40

Decreases

20
0

Figure 12: The Effects of Smartphone in Work Productivity

The table 11 and figure 11 shows that the effect of the usage of Smartphone on work
productivity. Based on figure 12, the ratio of respondents who agree that the usage of
Smartphone in work causes work productivity to decrease are more than the ratios of respondents
who agree that the usage of Smartphone causes work productivity to increase.
The cause of this data could be due to the inability of the workers to properly manage
their time for work. Workers spend more time being distracted when using their Smartphone
instead of actually working. Besides that, the usage of Smartphone would cause them to be
overly dependent on technology and inevitably causes them to procrastinate as the job might
have been easily accomplished with the help of technology.

3.0 Discussion and Conclusion

With the existence of modern technology, the world has changes rapidly. Smartphone
have become the most popular communication tools in the workplace. Smartphone is a device
that gives an edge to employers and employees in this business world. Besides that, Smartphones
could give benefits to the employers and employees to succeed in their working life. Throughout
the survey, it is proven that it is an indispensable tools for the sales insurance department. OTS
employees could use Smartphone to contact dealers or customers conveniently. In addition,
according to several researcher studies, it is proven that managers utilize Smartphone by
integrating Smartphone usage to workflow in order to enhance their work performance and also
develop their business skills more effectively in the future.
The main purpose of this study is to conduct a sample survey among the employee in
OTS Group, Petaling Jaya to study the feasibility of using Smartphone as part of their business
operations. It can be concluded from most of our respondents reaction towards the usage of
Smartphone as part of their business operations is positive from the findings of the survey.
According to the technology researchers, it has been proven that Smartphone have gained
a large amount of popularity as a communication tools in the workplace environment globally.
Based on the survey study, a large number of the respondents admitted to spend an average of
over 15 times a day using Smartphone.
Majority respondents declare that most of the organizations would allow employees to
use Smartphone in workplace. Besides that, most of the respondents that we gathered in the
questionnaires are aged between 20 to 30 years old and they prefer to use Smartphone in
workplace because it could improve their work performance. Meanwhile, for those aged above
40 years old, they prefer face-to-face communication. They feel inconvenient by using
Smartphone to communicate and sometimes it may cause unnecessary conflicts with others.
When the survey questionnaires are asked, Will the attitudes and behaviours of
employees affect the work productivity by using the Smartphone? Most of them responded
neutrally, followed by strongly disagree for the usage of Smartphone as the part of their business
operation that will increase the work productivity.

Based on the study, a large proportion of the respondents usage of Smartphone in

workplace, most of the respondents answer neutrally followed by agree and strongly agree with
24% and 22 % respectively.
In a nutshell, a huge percentage of the respondents think that disadvantages of using
Smartphone in workplace may reduce their working performance such as making them
procrastinate during working hours. They believe that the use of Smartphone applications could
make them addicted to games and social media that lead them to perform badly in workplace.

4.0 Recommendations
From the result of the finding, we believe that the usage of Smartphone could be introduced as a
part of business operation as it brings many benefits to the company such as ease of access to
company network and resources, faster communications, email etc.
Based on what we have concluded as above, we recommend that,
1. Users could make use of Smartphone through the social network application to promote
themselves to the social for their career development.
2. Users could record all hours worked when using Smartphone to perform the particular
work tasks.
3. Organizations could provide Smartphone to employees, so that they are able to work
more efficiently and effectively.
4. Organizations could save costs by using Smartphone in workplace by providing
technicians instant access to drawings they need through a handheld device.
5. Organizations could provide employees with Smartphone, so that it could help them
conduct their business. To protect productivity, they could establish an agreement that
Smartphone are the property of company and it is only permitted for business purpose
and not allowed for personal usage.
6. Organizations could allow their employees to use Smartphone during breaks, lunch time,
in the event of an emergency, or with authorization.

List of References

1. Haejung Yun, William J. Kettinger, and Choong C. Lee. (2012). A New Open Door : The
Smartphones Impact on Work-to-Life Conflict, Stress, and Resistance.
http://www.ijec-web.org/past-issues/volume-16-number-4-summer-2012/a-new-opendoor-the-smartphones-impact-on-work-to-life-conflict-stress-and-resistance/
2. David C. Long. (2009). Impact of Cell Phones in the Workplace
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/pdf/efop/efo45133.pdf
3. Pitichat, Thiraput. (2013). Smartphones in the workplace: Changing organizational
behavior, transforming the future, LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and
Research from Claremont Graduate University: Vol. 3: Iss. 1, Article 13.
http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=lux
4. Amrita Thakur. (2011). Mobile Phones and Information Capture in the Workplace
http://rii.ricoh.com/sites/default/files/chi2011.pdf
5. Bjrn Niehaves. (2013). The Effect of Private IT Use on Work Performance Towards an
IT Consumerization Theory
http://www.wi2013.de/proceedings/WI2013%20-%20Track%201%20-%20Niehaves.pdf
6. Chen-Chi Chang. (2014). The Influence of Bring Your Own Device on the Psychological
Climate at Workplace
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2617850
7. Robert W. Wendover. (2012, September 19) Managing Smartphone Use in Todays
Workplace : A Five-Step Process
http://www.hrvoice.org/managing-smart-phone-use-in-todays-workplace-a-five-stepprocess-part-one/

Appendices