Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ch 3
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 3-25)
1 D
2
D
6 B
7
B
11 C
3
8
B
A
4
9
B
C
5
10
D
A
13
14
Water has a higher water potential than the cell contents. It moves across the differentially
permeable membrane into the cells by osmosis. (1)
As the cell membranes of red blood cells are thin and not surrounded by cell walls, (1) the cells
burst when more and more / too much water enters. (1) Therefore no blood cells can be observed
under the microscope.
15
The vacuoles of the cells in distilled water are bigger than the ones in sugar solution. (1)
The cell membranes are pulled away from the cell walls in the cells in sugar solution /
cells in sugar become flaccid / cells become plasmolysed. (1)
Contents of the cells push against the cell walls in the cells in distilled water / cells in distilled water
become turgid. (1)
16
17
a
III should show two arms of membrane surrounding particle and meeting / almost
meeting.(1)
IV should show restored membrane surface and vesicle enclosed in cell. (1)
Label vesicle vacuole OR cell membrane (1)
b
18
a
iii
A glycoprotein (1)
B phospholipid (1)
ii
()
Therefore the proteins will have a new rearrangement in the fused cell. ()
19
= 3.8 (1)
solution beaker A
c
beaker C
dilute sugar
The water potential of the water in beaker is higher than that of the dilute sugar solution
inside the bag. ()
Water moves into the bag ()
by osmosis ()
through the differentially permeable membrane of the Visking tubing bag. ()
The water potential inside the bag and in the beaker is the same. ()
No
In test tube A, distilled water had a higher water potential than the red blood cells. (1)
Water entered red blood cells by osmosis. (1)
All red blood cells burst and haemoglobin was released into the water. (1)
In test tube C, concentrated saline had a lower water potential than the red blood cells.(1)
Water did not enter the cells and they did not burst. (1)
b
Dilute saline had a higher water potential than some of the red blood cells. ()
Water entered these red blood cells by osmosis. ()
Since only some red blood cells burst, a smaller amount of haemoglobin was released.(1)
c
I would take some fluid from tube A and some solid matter from the bottom of tube B and
observe them under a microscope. (1)
The fluid from tube A should contain no intact cells while the solid matter from tube B
should contain some. (1)
d
Sea water has a lower water potential than that of the cytoplasm. (1)
Too much water may leave the cells and the animals die. (1)
22
ii
0.3 M (1)
iii
Water potential outside the cells is the same as inside / no water potential gradient /
isotonic (1)
No net movement of water into and out of the cells (1)
by osmosis. (1)
i Active transport requires energy ()
The structure of the cell membrane can be explained by the fluid mosaic model. ()
The cell membrane is mainly made up of phospholipids and proteins. (1)
The phospholipid molecules are arranged in a bilayer. ()
Their water-loving heads face the water based environment inside and outside of the cell.()
Some protein molecules embed half-way through the phospholipid bilayer, ()
while
Lipid-soluble molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer by diffusion. (1)
Small molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can also diffuse through the bilayer freely.
(1)
Water molecules enter the cell by osmosis through channel protein. (1)
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules 2m from a region of high water potential to a
region of low water potential (1) across a differentially membrane. (1)
It is important to living organisms in many ways. For example, it gives
The water potential of distilled water is higher than that of normal cells or the contact lens. ()
When it is in contact with the cells or the contact lens, water enters the cells or the contact lens
by osmosis which may cause damage to them. ()
Since normal saline is isotonic to the cells or the contact lens, ()
no
osmosis occurs and the cells or the contact lens would not be damaged. ()
2
Patients who cannot take fluids orally and have developed or are in danger of developing
dehydration. (1)
This helps to maintain the normal blood circulation of the patients. (1)
If the normal saline is hypotonic or hypertonic to the body cells, water will enter or leave the
cells
(1) by osmosis (1) when it is in contact with the cells.
As a result, the cells burst or shrink. This highly affects the normal functioning of the cells. (1)