CSC-121 Breaker Protection IED Technical Application Manual (0SF.455.058E) - V1.011

CSC-121
Breaker Protection IED

Technical Application Manual
VersionV1.01
Doc. Code: 0SF.455.058 (E)
Issued Date2012.8
Copyright owner: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd
Note: the company keeps the right to perfect the instruction. If equipments do not
agree with the instruction at anywhere, please contact our company in time. We will
provide you with corresponding service.
is registered trademark of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.

We reserve all rights to this document, even in the event that a patent is issued and a different
commercial proprietary right is registered. Improper use, in particular reproduction and
dissemination to third parties, is not permitted.
This document has been carefully checked. If the user nevertheless detects any errors, he is
asked to notify us as soon as possible.
The data contained in this manual is intended solely for the IED description and is not to be
deemed to be a statement of guaranteed properties. In the interests of our customers, we
constantly seek to ensure that our products are developed to the latest technological standards
as a result it is possible that there may be some differences between the hardware/software
product and this information product.
Manufacturer:
Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
Tel: +86 10 62962554, +86 10 62961515 ext. 8998
Fax: +86 10 82783625
Email: sf_sales@sf-auto.com
Website: http://www.sf-auto.com
Add: No.9, Shangdi 4th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C.100085
Preface
Purpose of this manual
This manual describes the functions, operation, installation, and placing into
service of IED CSC-121. In particular, one will find:
Information on how to configure the IED scope and a description of the

IED functions and setting options;
Instructions for mounting and commissioning;
Compilation of the technical specifications;
A compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the

Appendix.
Target Audience
Protection engineers, commissioning engineers, personnel concerned with
adjustment, checking, and service of selective protective equipment,
automatic and control facilities, and personnel of electrical facilities and power
plants.
Applicability of this Manual

This manual is valid for SIFANG Breaker Protection IED CSC-121; firmware
version V1.00 and higher
Indication of Conformity
Additional Support
In case of further questions concerning IED CSC-121 system, please contact
SIFANG representative.
Safety information
Strictly follow the company and international safety regulations.

Working in a high voltage environment requires serious approch to
aviod human injuries and damage to equipment
Do not touch any circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal

voltages and currents are present
Avoid to touching the circuitry when covers are removed. The IED
contains electirc circuits which can be damaged if exposed to static
electricity. Lethal high voltage circuits are also exposed when covers
are removed
Using the isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present
Never connect or disconnect wire and/or connector to or from IED

during normal operation. Dangerous voltages and currents are
present. Operation may be interrupted and IED and measuring
circuitry may be damaged
Always connect the IED to protective earth regardless of the

operating conditions. Operating the IED without proper earthing may
damage both IED and measuring circuitry and may cause injuries in
case of an accident.
Do not disconnect the secondary connection of current transformer

without short-circuiting the transformers secondary winding.
Operating a current transformer with the secondary winding open will
cause a high voltage that may damage the transformer and may
cause injuries to humans.
Do not remove the screw from a powered IED or from an IED

connected to power circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents
are present
Using the certified conductive bags to transport PCBs (modules).

Handling modules with a conductive wrist strap connected to
protective earth and on an antistatic surface. Electrostatic discharge
may cause damage to the module due to electronic circuits are
sensitive to this phenomenon
4
Do not connect live wires to the IED, internal circuitry may be

damaged
When replacing modules using a conductive wrist strap connected to

protective earth. Electrostatic discharge may damage the modules
and IED circuitry
When installing and commissioning, take care to avoid electrical

shock if accessing wiring and connection IEDs
Changing the setting value group will inevitably change the IEDs
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the
change
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Features .................................................................................................................................... 3
3 Functions ................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1
Protection functions..................................................................................................... 5
3.2
Monitoring functions ................................................................................................... 6
3.3
Station communication ................................................................................................ 6
3.4
IED software tools ....................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 2
General IED application .............................................................................................. 9
1 Display information ................................................................................................................ 10
1.1
LCD screen display function ..................................................................................... 10
1.2
Analog display function ............................................................................................ 10
1.3
Report display function ............................................................................................. 10
1.4
Menu dispaly function ............................................................................................... 10
2 Report record ...........................................................................................................................11
3 Disturbance recorder ............................................................................................................. 12
3.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 12
3.2
Setting........................................................................................................................ 12
4 Self supervision function ....................................................................................................... 14
4.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 14
4.2
Self supervision principle .......................................................................................... 14
4.3
Self supervision report............................................................................................... 14
5 Time synchronization............................................................................................................. 16
5.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 16
5.2
Synchronization principle.......................................................................................... 16
5.2.1
Synchronization from IRIG ....................................................................................... 17
5.2.2
Synchronization via PPS or PPM .............................................................................. 17
5.2.3
Synchronization via SNTP ........................................................................................ 17
6 Setting ...................................................................................................................................... 18
6.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 18
6.2
Operation principle .................................................................................................... 18
7 Authorization ........................................................................................................................... 19
7.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 3
Overcurrent protection .............................................................................................. 21
1 Overcurrent protection .......................................................................................................... 22
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 22
1.2
Protection principle ................................................................................................... 22
1.2.1
Time characteristic .......................................................................................... 22
1.2.2
Inrush restraint feature ................................................................................... 23
1.2.3
Direciton determination feature ..................................................................... 24
1.2.4
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 25
1.3
Input and output signals ............................................................................................ 26
6
1.4
Setting parameters ..................................................................................................... 27

1.4.1
Setting list ......................................................................................................... 27
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 29
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 29
Chapter 4
Earth fault protection ................................................................................................. 31
1 Earth fault protection ............................................................................................................. 32
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 32
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
Direction determination feature ..................................................................... 34
1.2.4
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 36
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 40
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 42
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 42
Chapter 5
Neutral earth fault protection .................................................................................... 45
1 Neutral earth fault protection ................................................................................................ 46
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 46
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
Direction determination .................................................................................. 48
1.2.4
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 49
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 50
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 51
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 51
Chapter 6
Sensitive earth fault protection .................................................................................. 55
1 Sensitive earth fault protection ............................................................................................ 56
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 56
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
Direction determination feature ..................................................................... 57
1.2.3
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 60
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting list ......................................................................................................... 62
1.5
IED report .................................................................................................................. 64
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 64
Chapter 7
Negative sequence overcurrent protection ................................................................ 67
1 Negative sequence overcurrent protection ........................................................................ 68
1.1
1.2
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 68
1.2.1
Protection function description ...................................................................... 68
1.2.2
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 69
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 71
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 72
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 72
Chapter 8
Thermal overload protection ..................................................................................... 75
1 Thermal overload protection ................................................................................................ 76
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 76
1.2
Function principle...................................................................................................... 76
1.2.1
Function description........................................................................................ 76
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 78
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 79
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 79
Chapter 9
Overload protection ................................................................................................... 81
1 Overload protection ............................................................................................................... 82
1.1
1.1.1
Function description........................................................................................ 82
1.1.2
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 82
1.2
1.3
1.3.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 83
1.4
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 10 Overvoltage protection .............................................................................................. 85
1 Overvoltage protection .......................................................................................................... 86
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 86
1.2
1.2.1
Phase to phase overvoltage protection ....................................................... 86
1.2.2
Phase to earth overvlotage protection ......................................................... 86
1.2.3
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 87
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 88
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 88
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 89
Chapter 11 Undervoltage protection ............................................................................................ 91
1 Undervoltage protection ........................................................................................................ 92
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 92
1.2
8
1.2.1
Phase to phase underovltage protection ..................................................... 92
1.2.2
Phase to earth undervoltage protection....................................................... 93
1.2.3
Depending on the VT location ....................................................................... 93
1.2.4
Logic diagram .................................................................................................. 94
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ....................................................................................................... 97
1.5
Reports ...................................................................................................................... 97
1.6
Technical data............................................................................................................ 98
Chapter 12 Displacement voltage protection ............................................................................... 99
1 Displacement voltage protection ....................................................................................... 100
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 100
1.2
Protection principle ................................................................................................. 100
1.2.1
Function description...................................................................................... 100
1.2.2
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 101
1.3
Input and output signals .......................................................................................... 101
1.4
Setting parameters ................................................................................................... 102
1.4.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 102
1.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 103
1.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 103
Chapter 13 Circuit breaker failure protection ............................................................................ 105
1 Circuit breaker failure protection........................................................................................ 106
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 106
1.2
Function Description ............................................................................................... 107
1.2.1
Current criterion evaluation ......................................................................... 107
1.2.2
Circuit breaker auxiliary contact evaluation .............................................. 107
1.2.3
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 108
1.3
Input and output signals ...........................................................................................113
1.4
Setting parameters ....................................................................................................114
1.4.1
Setting lists ......................................................................................................114
1.5
Reports .....................................................................................................................115
1.6
Technical data...........................................................................................................115
Chapter 14 Dead zone protection ................................................................................................117
1 Dead zone protection ...........................................................................................................118
1.1
Introduction ..............................................................................................................118
1.2
Protection principle ..................................................................................................118
1.2.1
Function description.......................................................................................118
1.2.2
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 121
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 123
1.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 123
1.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 15 STUB protection...................................................................................................... 125
STUB protection ................................................................................................................... 126

1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 126
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 127
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 128
1.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 128
1.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 128
Chapter 16 Poles discordance protection ................................................................................... 131
1 Poles discordance protection ............................................................................................. 132
1.1
Introdcution ............................................................................................................. 132
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 132
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 134
1.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 135
1.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 135
Chapter 17 Synchro-check and energizing check function ........................................................ 137
1 Synchro-check and energizing check function ................................................................ 138
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 138
1.2
Function principle.................................................................................................... 138
1.2.1
Synchro-check mode .................................................................................... 138
1.2.2
Energizing check mode ................................................................................ 139
1.2.3
Override mode ............................................................................................... 140
1.2.4
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 140
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 142
1.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 143
1.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 143
Chapter 18 Auto-reclosing function ........................................................................................... 145
1 Auto- reclosing...................................................................................................................... 146
1.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 146
1.2
1.2.1
Single-shot reclosing .................................................................................... 146
1.2.2
Multi-shot reclosing ....................................................................................... 148
1.2.3
AR coordination between tie CB and side CB .......................................... 150
1.2.4
Auto-reclosing operation mode ................................................................... 156
1.2.5
Auto-reclosing initiation ................................................................................ 157
1.2.6
Cooperating with external protection IED .................................................. 157
10
1.2.7
Auto-reclosing logic ...................................................................................... 157
1.2.8
AR blocked conditions .................................................................................. 159
1.2.9
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 160
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 164
1.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 165
1.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 166
Chapter 19 Secondary system supervision................................................................................. 168
1 Current circuit supervision .................................................................................................. 169
1.1
Function description ................................................................................................ 169
1.2
1.3
1.3.1
Setting lists ..................................................................................................... 170
1.4
Reports .................................................................................................................... 170
2 Fuse failure supervision ...................................................................................................... 171
2.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 171
2.2
2.2.1
Three phases (symmetrical) VT Fail .......................................................... 171
2.2.2
Single/two phases (asymmetrical) VT Fail ................................................ 172
2.2.3
Logic diagram ................................................................................................ 172
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
Setting list ....................................................................................................... 174
2.5
Reports .................................................................................................................... 175
2.6
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 175
Chapter 20 Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 176
1 Synchro-check reference voltage supervision................................................................. 177
2 Check auxiliary contact of circuit breaker......................................................................... 177
Chapter 21 Station communication ............................................................................................ 178
1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 179
1.1
Protocol ................................................................................................................... 179
1.1.1
IEC61850-8 communication protocol ......................................................... 179
1.1.2
IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol ................................................. 179
1.2
Communication port ................................................................................................ 180
1.2.1
Front communication port ............................................................................ 180
1.2.2
RS485 communication ports ....................................................................... 180
1.2.3
Ethernet communication ports .................................................................... 180
1.3
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 180
1.4
Typical substation communication scheme ............................................................. 183
1.5
Typical time synchronizing scheme ........................................................................ 183
Chapter 22 Hardware ................................................................................................................. 186
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 187
1.1
IED structure ........................................................................................................... 187
12
1.2
IED module arrangement ........................................................................................ 187
Local human-machine interface ........................................................................................ 188
2.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 188
2.2
Liquid crystal display (LCD) .................................................................................. 189
2.3
LED ......................................................................................................................... 189
2.4
Keyboard ................................................................................................................. 190
2.5
IED menu ................................................................................................................ 191
2.5.1
Menu construction ......................................................................................... 191
2.5.2
Operation status ............................................................................................ 193
2.5.3
Reports search .............................................................................................. 194
2.5.4
Set time........................................................................................................... 194
2.5.5
Contrast .......................................................................................................... 195
2.5.6
Settings ........................................................................................................... 195
2.5.7
IED setting ...................................................................................................... 195
2.5.8
Test binary output .......................................................................................... 196
2.5.9
Testing operation ........................................................................................... 196
Analog input module ............................................................................................................ 197
3.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 197
3.2
Terminals of analog input module ........................................................................... 197
3.3
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 200
Communication module ...................................................................................................... 201
4.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 201
4.2
Terminals of Communication module ..................................................................... 201
4.3
Substaion communication port ................................................................................ 202
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
Ethernet communication ports .................................................................... 202
4.3.4
Time synchronization port ............................................................................ 203
4.4
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 203
Binary input module ............................................................................................................. 205
5.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 205
5.2
Terminals of Binary Input Module .......................................................................... 205
5.3
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 206
Binary output module .......................................................................................................... 208
6.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 208
6.2
Terminals of Binary Output Module ....................................................................... 208
6.3
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 213
Power supply module .......................................................................................................... 214
7.1
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 214
7.2
Terminals of Power Supply Module........................................................................ 214
7.3
Technical data.......................................................................................................... 216
Techinical data ..................................................................................................................... 217
8.1
Type tests................................................................................................................. 217
8.1.1
Product safety-related tests ......................................................................... 217
8.1.2
Electromagnetic immunity tests .................................................................. 218
8.1.3
DC voltage interruption test ......................................................................... 220
8.1.4
Electromagnetic emission test .................................................................... 220
8.1.5
Mechanical tests............................................................................................ 220
8.1.6
Climatic tests.................................................................................................. 221
8.2
CE Certificate .......................................................................................................... 222
8.3
IED design ............................................................................................................... 222
Chapter 23 Appendix ................................................................................................................. 224
1 General setting list ............................................................................................................... 225
1.1
Function setting list ................................................................................................. 225
1.2
Binary setting list..................................................................................................... 230
2 General report list ................................................................................................................ 238
3 Typical connection ............................................................................................................... 244
4 Time inverse characteristic ................................................................................................. 247
4.1
11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves ................................ 247
4.2
User defined characteristic ...................................................................................... 247
4.3
Typical inverse curves ............................................................................................. 248
5 CT requirement .................................................................................................................... 261
5.1
Overview ................................................................................................................. 261
5.2
Current transformer classification ........................................................................... 261
5.3
Abbreviations (according to IEC 60044-1, -6, as defined)...................................... 262
5.4
General current transformer requirements............................................................... 263
5.4.1
Protective checking current ......................................................................... 263
5.4.2
CT class .......................................................................................................... 264
5.4.3
Accuracy class ............................................................................................... 265
5.4.4
Ratio of CT ..................................................................................................... 265
5.4.5
Rated secondary current.............................................................................. 266
5.4.6
Secondary burden ......................................................................................... 266
5.5
Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f requirements ...................................................... 267
5.5.1
Line differential protection ............................................................................ 267
5.5.2
Transformer differential protection .............................................................. 268
5.5.3
Busbar differential protection....................................................................... 269
5.5.4
Distance protection ....................................................................................... 269
5.5.5
Definite time overcurrent protection and earth fault protection .............. 270
5.5.6
Inverse time overcurrent protection and earth fault protection .............. 271
Chapter 1 Introduction
About this chapter

This chapter gives an overview of SIFANG Breaker Protection
IED CSC-121.
Overview
The CSC-121 is selective, reliable and high speed breaker management and
backup protection IED (Intelligent Electronic Device), which is used as
backup protection cooperating with main protection in different applications
such as overhead line, cable, transformer, reactor and busbar protection. It
can also work as a dedicated breaker management relay for circuit breaker.
The IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 1000kV
Applied to overhead lines and cables, as backup protection IED
Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network
Applied to transformer as backup protection IED
Breaker management protection for any substation arrangement such as

one and half breakers arrangement, double bus arrangement, etc.
Work as a dedicated breaker protection for single circuit breaker
Suitable for single pole/three poles tripping and closing conditions
Communication with station automation system
The IED provides a completely protection functions library, including current

protection, voltage protection, auto-reclosing, breaker failure protection,
thermal overload protection, etc., to cover most of the requirements of
different applications.
Features
Protection and monitoring IED with extensive functional library, user

configuration possibility and expandable hardware design to meet with
users special requirements
A complete protection functions library, include:
Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)
Earth fault protection (50N, 51N, 67N)
Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)
Sensitive earth fault protection (50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection (46)
Thermal overload protection (49)
Overload protection (50OL)
Overvoltage protection (59)
Undervoltage protection (27)
Displacement voltage protection (64)
Circuit breaker failure protection (50BF)
Poles discordance protection (50PD)
Dead zone protection (50SH-Z)
STUB protection (50STUB)
Synchro-check and energizing check (25)
Auto-recloser function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)
Voltage transformer secondary circuit supervision (97FF)
Current transformer secondary circuit supervision
Self-supervision to all modules in the IED
Complete information recording: tripping reports, alarm reports, startup

reports and general operation records. Any kind of reports can be stored
up to 2000 and be memorized in case of power disconnection
Up to three electric/optical Ethernet ports can be selected to

communicate with substation automation system by IEC61850 or
IEC60870-5-103 protocols
Up to two electric RS-485 ports can be selected to communicate with

3
substation automation system by IEC60870-5-103 protocol
Time synchronization via network(SNTP), pulse and IRIG-B mode
Configurable LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) and output relays satisfied

users requirement
Versatile human-machine interface
Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault

recording analysis, configuration, etc.
Functions
3.1
Protection functions
Description
ANSI Code
IEC 61850
IEC 60617
Logical Node
graphical
Name
symbol
Current protection
3IINV>
Overcurrent protection
50,51,67
PTOC
3I >>
3I >>>
I0INV>
Earth fault protection
50N, 51N, 67N
PEFM
I0>>
I0>>>
Neutral earth fault protection
50G, 51G, 67G
Sensitive earth fault protection

Negative-sequence overcurrent
50Ns, 51Ns,
3INE>
67Ns
3INE>>
46
protection
Thermal overload protection
49
PTTR
Ith
Overload protection
50OL
PTOC
3I >OL
Voltage protection
Overvoltage protection
59
PTOV
Undervoltage protection
27
PTUV
Displacement voltage protection
64
3U>
3U>>
3U<
3U<<
VE>
Breaker control function

3I> BF
Breaker failure protection
50BF
RBRF
I0>BF
I2>BF
Dead zone protection
50SH-Z
STUB protection
50STUB
PTOC
Poles discordance protection
50PD
RPLD
3I>STUB
3I< PD
I0>PD
I2>PD
Synchro-check and energizing check
25
RSYN
Auto-recloser
79
RREC
OI
5
Description
ANSI Code
Single- and/or three-pole tripping
94-1/3
IEC 61850
IEC 60617
Logical Node
graphical
Name
symbol
PTRC
Secondary system supervision

CT secondary circuit supervision
VT secondary circuit supervision
3.2
97FF
Monitoring functions
Description
Synchro-check reference voltage supervision

Auxiliary contacts of circuit breaker supervision
Self-supervision
Fault recorder
3.3
Station communication
Description
Front communication port
Isolated RS232 port

Rear communication port
0-2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports
0-3 Ethernet electrical/optical communication ports
Time synchronization port
Communication protocols
IEC 61850 protocol
IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
3.4
IED software tools

Functions
Functions
Reading measuring value
Reading IED report
Setting
IED testing
Disturbance recording analysis
IED configuration
Printing
Chapter 2 General IED application
About this chapter

This chapter describes the use of the included software
functions in the IED. The chapter discusses general application
possibilities.
Display information
1.1
LCD screen display function

The LCD screen displays measured analog, report ouputs and menu.
1.2
Analog display function

The analog display includes measured Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0, I5, Ua, Ub, Uc, U4
1.3
Report display function

The report display includes tripping, alarm and operation recording.
1.4
Menu dispaly function

The menu dispaly includes main menu and debugging menu, see chapter
Chapter 22 for detail.
10
Report record
The report record includes tripping, alarm and operation reports. See Chapter
23 General report list for detail.
11
Disturbance recorder
3.1
Introduction
To get fast, complete and reliable information about fault current, voltage,
binary signal and other disturbances in the power system is very important.
This is accomplished by the disturbance recorder function and facilitates a
better understanding of the behavior of the power system and related primary
and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. An analysis of the
recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to explain a
disturbance, basis for change of IED setting plan, improvement of existing
equipment etc.
The disturbance recorder, always included in the IED, acquires sampled data
from measured analogue quantities, calculated analogue quantity, binary
input and output signals.
The function is characterized by great flexibility and is not dependent on the
operation of protection functions. It can even record disturbances not tripped
by protection functions.
The disturbance recorder information is saved for each of the recorded
disturbances in the IED and the user may use the local human machine
interface or dedicated tool to get some general information about the
recordings. The disturbance recording information is included in the
disturbance recorder files. The information is also available on a station bus
according to IEC 61850 and IEC 60870-5-103.
Fault wave recorder with great capacity, can record full process of any fault,
and can save the corresponding records. Optional data format or wave format
is provided, and can be exported through serial port or Ethernet port by
COMTRADE format.
3.2
Setting
Abbr.
T_Pre Fault
T_Post Fault
DR_Sample Rate
12
Explanation
Time setting for recording time
before fault occurred
Time setting for recording time
after fault occurred
Sample rate for fault recording
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.05
0.05
0.3
0.50
4.50

Abbr.
Explanation
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
(0: 600 sample/cycle, 1:1200

sample/cycle)
13
Self supervision function
4.1
Introduction
The IED may test all hardware components itself, including loop out of the
relay coil. Watch can find whether or not the IED is in fault through warning
LED and warning characters which show in liquid crystal display and display
reports to tell fault type.
The method of fault elimination is replacing fault board or eliminating external
fault.
4.2
4.3
Self supervision principle
Measuring the resistance between analog circuits and ground
Measuring the output voltage in every class
Checking the zero drift and scale
Verifying alarm circuit
Verifying binary input
Checking actual live tripping including circuit breaker
Checking the setting values and parameters
Self supervision report

Table 1 Self supervision report
Abbr.(LCD Display)
14
Description
Sample Err
AI sampling data error
Soft Version Err
Soft Version error
EquipPara Err
Equipment parameter error
ROM Verify Err
CRC verification for ROM error
Setting Err
Setting value error
Set Group Err
Pointer of setting group error
BO No Response
Binary output (BO) no response

Abbr.(LCD Display)
Description
BO Breakdown
Binary output (BO) breakdown
SRAM Check Err
SRAM check error
FLASH Check Err
FLASH check error
BI Config Err
BI configuration error
BO Config Err
BO configuration error
BI Comm Fail
BI communication error
BO Comm Fail
BO communication error
Test BO Un_reset
Test BO unreset
BI Breakdown
BI breakdown
DI Input Err
BI input error
NO/NC Discord
NO/NC discordance
BI Check Err
BI check error
BI EEPROM Err
BI EEPROM error
BO EEPROM Err
BO EEPROM error
Sys Config Err
System Configuration Error
Battery Off
Battery Off
Meas Freq Alarm
Measurement Frequency Alarm
Not Used
Not used
Trip Fail
Trip fail
PhA CB Open Err
PhaseA CB position BI error
PhB CB Open Err
PhaseB CB position BI error
PhC CB Open Err
PhaseC CB position BI error
3Ph Seq Err
Three phase sequence error
AI Channel Err
AI channel error
3I0 Reverse
3I0 reverse
3I0 Imbalance
3I0 imbalance
15
Time synchronization
5.1
Introduction
Use the time synchronization source selector to select a common source of
absolute time for the IED when it is a part of a protection system. This makes
comparison of events and disturbance data between all IEDs in a SA system
possible.
5.2
Synchronization principle
Time definitions
The error of a clock is the difference between the actual time of the clock, and
the time the clock is intended to have. The rate accuracy of a clock is
normally called the clock accuracy and means how much the error increases,
i.e. how much the clock gains or loses time. A disciplined clock is a clock that
knows its own faults and tries to compensate for them, i.e. a trained clock.
Synchronization principle
From a general point of view synchronization can be seen as a hierarchical
structure. A module is synchronized from a higher level and provides
synchronization to lower levels.
A module is said to be synchronized when it periodically receives

synchronization messages from a higher level. As the level decreases, the
accuracy of the synchronization decreases as well. A module can have
16

several potential sources of synchronization, with different maximum errors,
which gives the module the possibility to choose the source with the best
quality, and to adjust its internal clock from this source. The maximum error of
a clock can be defined as a function of:
5.2.1
The maximum error of the last used synchronization message
The time since the last used synchronization message
The rate accuracy of the internal clock in the module.
Synchronization from IRIG

The built in GPS clock module receives and decodes time information from
the global positioning system. The module is located on the Communication
Module (MASTER). The GPS interfaces to the IED supply two possible
synchronization methods, IRIGB and PPS (or PPM).
5.2.2
Synchronization via PPS or PPM

The IED accepts PPS or PPM to the GPS interfaces on the Communication
Module. These pulses can be generated from e.g. station master clock. If the
station master clock is not synchronized from a world wide source, time will
be a relative time valid for the substation. Both positive and negative edges
on the signal can be accepted. This signal is also considered as a fine signal.
5.2.3
Synchronization via SNTP

SNTP provides a Ping-Pong method of synchronization. A message is sent
from an IED to an SNTP-server, and the SNTP-server returns the message
after filling in a reception time and a transmission time. SNTP operates via the
normal Ethernet network that connects IEDs together in an IEC61850
network. For SNTP to operate properly, there must be a SNTP-server present,
preferably in the same station. The SNTP synchronization provides an
accuracy that will give 1ms accuracy for binary inputs. The IED itself can be
set as a SNTP-time server.
17
Setting
6.1
Introduction
Settings are divided into separate lists according to different functions. The
printed setting sheet consists of two parts -setting list and communication
parameters.
6.2
Operation principle
The setting procedure can be ended at the time by the key SET or QUIT. If
the key SET is pressed, the display shows the question choose setting
zone. The range of setting zone is from 1 to 16. After confirming with the
setting zone-key SET, those new settings will be valid. If key QUIT is
pressed instead, all modification which have been changed will be ignored.
18
Authorization
7.1
Introduction
To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools that
are accessing the IED are protected, subject of authorization handling. The
concept of authorization, as it is implemented in the IED and the associated
tools is based on the following facts:
There are two types of points of access to the IED:
local, through the local HMI
remote, through the communication ports
There are different levels (or types) of guest, super user and protection
engineer that can access or operate different areas of the IED and tools
functionality.
19
20
Chapter 3 Overcurrent protection
About this chapter

This chapter describes the protection principle, input and output
signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for
overcurrent protection.
21
Overcurrent protection
1.1
Introduction
The directional/non-directional overcurrent protection function can be applied
as backup protection functions in various applications for transmission lines.
The directional overcurrent protection can be used based on both the
magnitude of the fault current and the direction of power flow to the fault
location such as parallel lines. Main features of the overcurrent protection are
as follows:
Two definite time stages
One inverse time stage
11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves as well as

optional user defined characteristic
Selectable directional element characteristic angle to satisfy the different

network conditions and applications
Each stage can be set individually as directional/non-directional,
Directional element can be set to be forward toward the protected object

or reverse toward system for all stages
Each stage can be set individually for inrush restraint
Cross blocking function for inrush detection
Settable maximum inrush current
VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection. Once VT

failure happens, the directional stage can be set to be blocked or to be
non-directional stage
1.2
Protection principle
1.2.1
Time characteristic
The IED is designed with three overcurrent protection stages of which two
22

stages operate as definite overcurrent stages and the other one operates with
inverse time-current characteristic. 11 kinds of inverse time characteristics
are available. It is also possible to create a user defined time characteristic.
Each stage can operate in conjunction with the integrated inrush restraint,
directional functions and operate based on measured phase current.
Furthermore, each stage is independent from each other and can be
combined as desired.
Pickup value for the definite stage can be set in setting value. Each phase
current is compared with the corresponding setting value with delay time. If
currents exceed the associated pickup value, after expiry of the time delay,
the trip command is issued.
The pickup value for inverse time stage can be set in setting value. The
measured phase currents are compared with corresponding setting value and
if any phase exceeds that setting, the protection will issue a trip command
with corresponding delay time.
The time delay of inverse time characteristic is calculated based on the type
of the set characteristic, the magnitude of the current and a time multiplier.
For the inverse time characteristic, both ANSI and IEC based standard curves
are available, and any user-defined characteristic can be defined using the
following equation:
t=
A_OC
p _OC
i
I_OC
+ B_OC K_OC
Equation 1
where:
A_OC: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_OC: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_OC: index for inverse time stage
K_OC: Time multiplier
1.2.2
Inrush restraint feature

The IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during transformer
energizing. Inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which
23

does not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, inrush current may affect
the protection functions which will operate based on the fundamental
component of the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is
provided to prevent overcurrent protection from maloperation.
The inrush restraint feature operates based on evaluation of the 2nd harmonic
content which is present in measured current. The inrush condition is
recognized when the ratio of second harmonic current to fundamental
component exceeds the corresponding setting value for each phase. The
setting value is applicable for both definite time stage and inverse time stage.
The inrush restraint feature will be performed as soon as the ration exceeds
the set threshold.
Furthermore, by recognition of the inrush current in one phase, it is possible
to set the protection in a way that not only the phase with the considerable
inrush current, but also the other phases are blocked for a certain time. This is
achieved by cross-blocking feature integrated in the IED.
The inrush restraint function has a maximum inrush current setting. Once the
measuring current exceeds the setting, the overcurrent protection will not be
blocked any longer.
1.2.3
Direciton determination feature

The direction detection is performed by determining the position of current
vector in directional characteristic. In other word, it is done by comparing
phase angle between the fault current and the reference voltage. Figure 1
illustrates the direction detection characteristic for phase A element.
Two operation areas are provided for direction determination, the forward
area toward the protected object and the reverse area toward the system,
which are shown in Figure 1.
Forward
90
IA
Ph_Char
U BC_Ref
IA
24
Reverse

Figure 1 Direction detection characteristic of overcurrent protection directional element
where:
Ph_Char: The settable characteristic angle
The assignment of the applied measuring values used in direction
determination shows in Table 2 for different types of faults.
Table 2 Assignment of current and reference voltage for directional element
Phase
Current
Voltage
Ia
U bc
Ib
U ca
Ic
U ab
For three-phase short-circuit fault, without any healthy phase, memory

voltage values are used to determine direction clearly if the measured voltage
values are not sufficient. The detected direction is based on the memory
voltage of previous power cycles.
If VT fail happen (a short circuit or broken wire in the voltage transformer's
secondary circuit or voltage transformer fuse), the protection can be set to be
blocked or to be applied as non-directional overcurrent protection.
1.2.4
Logic diagram
The following logic diagram is applicable for phase A. Phase B and phase C
logic diagrams are similar with the phase A logic.
25

Ia>I_OC1
OC Dir To Sys
AND
OC1 Direction Off

OC1 Direction On
AND
VT fail
OR
OC Dir To Equip
AND
VT fail
OC1 Inrush Block Off
0
<Imax_2H_UnBlk
OC1 Inrush Block On
AND
Ia2/Ia1>
T_OC1
Func_OC1
OC_Inrush Block Off
AND
Trip
OC_Inrush Block On
Cross blocking
Ia2/Ia1 >
OR
Ib2/Ib1 >
AND
Ic2/Ic1 >
Cross blocking
T2h_Cross_Blk<
Figure 2 Logic diagram for phase A of overcurrent protection
1.3
26
Input and output signals
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
Relay Startup
OC1_Trip
OC2_Trip
OC Inv Trip
Table 3 Analog input list

Signal
Description
IP1
Signal for current input 1
IP2
IP3
UP1
Signal for voltage input 1
UP2
UP3

Table 4 Binary output list
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
OC1_Trip
Overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
OC2_Trip
OC Inv Trip
Overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting list
Table 5 Overcurrent protection function setting list
Parameter
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
I_OC1
Current setting for stage 1
2In
0.05
100.0
T_OC1
Time setting for stage 1
0.1
0.00
60.00
I_OC2
Current setting for stage 2
1.2In
0.05
100.0
T_OC2
0.3
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100.0
Curve_OC Inv
I_OC Inv
Inverse time curve

Current setting for inverse time
1
1.2In
27

Parameter
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.05
999.0
stage
K_OC Inv
A_OC Inv
Time multiplier for inverse time
stage
Time factor for inverse time
stage
0.14
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
B_OC Inv
Delay time for inverse time stage
P_OC Inv
Index for inverse time stage
Angle_OC
Direction characteristic angle
60
Degree
0.00
90.00
Maximum inrush current setting
5In
0.10
100.0
0.07
0.50
0.00
60.00
Imax_2H_UnBlk
0.02
Ratio for second harmonic

Ratio_I2/I1
current to fundamental
0.2
component
T2h_Cross_Blk
Time for cross blocking
Table 6 Overcurrent protection binary setting list

Name
Func_OC1
OC1 Direction
OC1 Dir To Sys
Overcurrent stage 1 enabled or

disabled
Direction of overcurrent stage 1
enabled or disabled
Direction toward system (0) or toward
equipment (1) for stage 1
OC1 Inrush
Inrush restraint for overcurrent stage 1
Block
enabled or disabled
Func_OC2
OC2 Direction
OC2 Dir To Sys

disabled
enabled or disabled
equipment (1) for stage 2
OC2 Inrush
Inrush restraint for overcurrent stage 2
Block
enabled or disabled
Func_OC Inv
OC Inv Direction
28
Description
Inverse time stage for overcurrent

enabled or disabled
Direction of inverse time stage enabled
or disabled
OC Inv Dir To
Sys
equipment (1) for inverse time stage
OC Inv Inrush
Inrush restraint for inverse time stage
Block
enabled or disabled
Blk OC at VT
VT failure block overcurrent protection
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.

Name
Description
Fail
Unit
Min.
Max.
enabled or disabled
OC Init CBF
1.5
Default
Overcurrent protection initiate CBF

protection enabled or disabled
Reports
Table 7 Event report list
Information
Description
OC1 Trip
Overcurrent stage 1 trip
OC2 Trip
Overcurrent stage 2 trip
OC Inv Trip
Inverse time stage of overcurrent protection trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
In: nominal current of the reference side of transformer;
Table 8 Overcurrent protection technical data
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Definite time characteristics

Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3% setting or 0.02Ir
Time delay
0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
1% setting or +40ms, at
200% operating setting
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Reset ratio
Approx. 0.95 at I/In 0.5

Inverse time characteristics
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Very inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20, in accordance
Extremely inverse;
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
Short inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20, in
Long inverse;
accordance with ANSI/IEEE
Moderately inverse;
C37.112,
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
29

Definite inverse
user-defined characteristic
T=
A
i
(
)P 1
I_SET
+B k
with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time,
0.005 to 200.0s, step 0.001s
A
Delay of inverse time, B
0.000 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
Index of inverse time, P
0.005 to 10.00, step 0.005
set time Multiplier for step n:
0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
k
Minimum operating time
Maximum operating time
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms,
Directional element
Operating area range

Characteristic angle
170
0to 90, step 1
3, at phase to phase
voltage >1V
Table 9 Inrush restraint function
Item
Upper function limit
Range or value
0.25 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Max current for inrush
Tolerance
3% setting value or
0.02Ir
restraint
nd
Ratio of 2 harmonic current
0.10 to 0.45, step 0.01
to fundamental component
current
Cross-block (IL1, IL2, IL3)
(settable time)
30
0.00s to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
1% setting or +40ms
Chapter 4 Earth fault protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for earth
fault protection.
31
Earth fault protection
1.1
Introduction
The earth fault protection can be used to clear phase to earth faults as system
back-up protection. The earth fault protection is can also be applied for
coordination based on both magnitude of earth fault current and the direction
of power flow to the fault location.
The protection provides the following features:
32
11 kinds of the IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves as well
as optional user defined characteristic
Zero sequence directional element
Negative sequence directional element can be applied as a supplement

to zero sequence directional element. It can be enabled/disabled by
setting
Each stage can be set individually as directional/non-directional

or reverse toward system for all stages
Settable directional element characteristic angle to satisfy the different

Each stage can be set individually for inrush restraint
VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection function. Once

VT failure happens, the directional stage can be set to be blocked or to
be non-directional
Zero-sequence current is calculated using summation of 3 phase

currents or measured from 4th phase CT (selectable)
Zero-sequence voltage calculated by summation of 3 phase voltage or

measured from earth phase VT selectable
1.2
1.2.1
Time characteristic
The IED is designed with three earth fault protection stages of which two
stages operate as definite earth fault stages and the other one operates with
inverse time-current characteristic. All stages can operate in conjunction with
the integrated inrush restraint and directional functions. This protection
function can operate based on the zero-sequence current which is calculated
by summation of three phase currents or measured from earth phase CT
Furthermore, the stages are independent from each other and can be
combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled by dedicated binary
setting.
Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be defined in setting value.
By applying the settings, the measured zero sequence current is compared
separately with the setting value for each stage. If zero-sequence current
exceed the associated pickup value, after expiry of the time delay, the trip
command is issued.
following equation:
t=
A_EF
p _EF
i
1
I_EF
+ B_EF K_EF
Equation 2
where:
A_EF: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_EF: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_EF: index for inverse time stage
33

K_EF: Time multiplier
The time is set to count up for a user-defined time delay. The time delay can
be set for each definite stage individually through corresponding settings.
After the user-defined time delays elapsed, a trip command is issued.
1.2.2

The IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during transformer
energizing. Inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which
does not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, inrush current may affect
the protection functions which will operate based on the fundamental
component of the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is
provided to prevent earth fault protection from maloperation.
recognized when the ratio of second harmonic current to fundamental
component exceeds the corresponding setting value for each phase. The
condition for phase current inrush or zero sequence current inrush can be
selected by binary setting. The setting value is applicable for both definite
time stage and inverse time stage. The inrush restraint feature will be
performed as soon as the ratio exceeds the set threshold.
measuring current exceeds the setting, the earth fault protection will not be
blocked any longer.
1.2.3
Direction determination feature

The integrated directional function can be applied to each stage of earth fault
element via binary setting. There are two direction elements for direction
determination of earth faults. The first is based on zero sequence
components and the second is based on negative sequence components.
During direction determination by directional function (using zero or negative
sequence components), a VT fail condition may result in false or undesired
tripping by directional earth fault element. Therefore, under the VT failure
situation, it can be set to block directional earth fault protection or to apply
non-directional earth fault protection.
The following subsections go on to demonstrate basic principle of these two
direction element.
34

1.2.3.1
Zero sequence directional element

In this method, the direction determination is performed by comparing the
zero sequence quantities. In current path, the zero sequence current is
calculated from the sum of the three phase currents or measured from earth
CT. In the voltage path, the zero sequence voltage (3U0) is used as reference
voltage if it is connected. Otherwise, the zero sequence voltage, is calculated
from the sum of the three phase voltages.
In order to satisfy different network conditions and applications, the reference
voltage can be rotated by adjustable angle between 0and 90in clockwise
direction (negative sign). It should be noted that the settings affect all the
directional stages of earth fault element. In this way, the vector of rotated
reference voltage can be closely adjusted to the vector of fault current -3I0
which lags the fault voltage 3V0 by the fault angle 0_Char. This would
provide the best possible result for the direction determination. The rotated
reference voltage defines the forward and reverse area.
Figure 3 shows an example of direction determination.
Bisector
-3I 0
90
Reverse
0
3U 0_Ref
0_Char
Forward
-3I 0
Bisector
Figure 3 Direction detection characteristic of earth fault protection directional element
1.2.3.2
Negative sequence directional element

This method is particularly suitable in case of too low zero sequence voltage
due to some fault condition e.g. when a considerable zero sequence mutual
coupling exists between parallel lines or there is an unfavorable zero
sequence impedance. In such cases it may be desirable to determine
direction of fault current by using negative sequence components. To do so, it
is required to enable the negative sequence directional element in setting
35

value. By applying this setting, the default direction determination of earth
fault current is performed by the zero sequence element. However, when the
magnitude of zero sequence voltage falls below permissible threshold of 1V
and negative sequence voltage is larger than 2V, the negative sequence
element is in service for direction determination. On the contrary, if the
negative sequence directional element is disabled, the direction of earth fault
current is only determined by using the zero sequence element. In this regard,
if the zero sequence voltage has a magnitude larger than 1V, proper
determination of fault direction is performed. However, for the condition that
zero sequence voltages below 1V, no direction determination would be
possible. Thus, the fault is assumed to be in reverse direction. Accordingly, for
the negative sequence element, the direction determination is performed by
comparing the negative sequence system quantities. To do so, three times of
the calculated negative sequence current 3I2 (3I2=IA+a2IB+aIC) is compared
with three times of the calculated negative sequence voltage 3V2
(3V2=VA+a2VB+aVC) as reference voltage, where a is equal to ej120 .
The fault current -3I2 is opposite to the fault current 3I2 and lags from the
voltage 3V2 by the fault angle, which is a setting value defined in setting value.
In order to satisfy different applications, the reference voltage can be rotated
by adjustable angle between 0and 90in clockwise direction (negative sign)
to be closely adjusted to the vector of fault current -3I2. This would provide the
best possible result for the direction determination. The rotated reference
voltage defines the forward and reverse area. Figure 4 shows an example of
direction determination.
Bisector -3 I 2
90
Reverse
0
3 U 2_ Ref
2_Char
Forward
-3I 2
Bisector
Figure 4 Direction detection characteristic of negative sequence directional element
1.2.4
36
Logic diagram

Three stage tripping logics of earth fault protection are shown as following
figures. As shown, earth fault protection tripping will be affected individually
by inrush and direction criteria for each stage. Whenever the zero sequence
current exceeds the related setting value and other mentioned criteria is
satisfied, corresponding timer will be started and tripping command will be
generated by expiring the setting time.
1
1
3I0 measured
AND
Inrush Chk I02/I01
AND
I02/I01 > Ratio I02/I01
3I01 > 3I0max_2H_UNBLK
1
1
1
OR
3I0 calculated
3I0 measured
OR
Inrush BLK EF
AND
Inrush Chk I2/I1
Ia2/Ia1 > Ratio I2/I1

Ib2/Ib1 > Ratio I2/I1
OR
AND
Ic2/Ic1 > Ratio I2/I1

Ia1 > Imax_2H_UNBLK
Ib1 > Imax_2H_UNBLK
OR
Ic1 > Imax_2H_UNBLK
Figure 5 Logic diagram for inrush restraint
37

UnBlk EF at VT Fail
VT Fail
OR
Blk EF at VT Fail
AND
U0/I0-
OR
3U0>1V
Direction Meet
3U0 Calculated
EF U2/I2 Dir On
1
VT Fail
AND
Blk EF at VT Fail
U2/I2-
OR
AND
UnBlk EF at VT Fail
UnBlk EF at VT Fail
V1p VT Fail
OR
Blk EF at VT Fail
AND
U0/I0-
Direction Meet
OR
3U0>1V
3U0 Measured
EF U2/I2 Dir On
1
VT Fail
AND
Blk EF at VT Fail
U2/I2-
OR
AND
UnBlk EF at VT Fail
Figure 6 Logic diagram for direction determination
38

CT Fail
Blk EF at CT Fail
3I0 > 3I0_EF1

AND
Direction Meet
T_EF1
EF1 Trip
T_EF2
EF2 Trip
Func_EF1 On
EF1 Direction On
1
Inrush BLK EF
EF1 Inrush Block On
3I0 > 3I0_EF2

AND
Direction Meet
Func_EF2 On
EF2 Direction On
1
Inrush BLK EF
EF2 Inrush Block On
3I0 > 3I0_EF Inv

EF INV Trip
AND
Direction Meet
EF INV Direction On
Func_EF INV On
1
Inrush BLK EF
EF INV Inrush Block On
Figure 7 Tripping logic diagram for earth fault protection
1.3

IP1
IP2
IP3
IP0
Relay Startup
EF1 Trip
EF2 Trip
EF Inv Trip
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

Signal
Description
IP1
39

IP2
IP3
IP0
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

Signal
Description
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
EF1 Trip
Earth fault protection stage 1 trip
EF2 Trip
EF Inv Trip
Earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 12 EF protection function setting list
Parameter
3I0_EF1
T_EF1
3I0_EF2
T_EF2
Curve_EF Inv
Explanation
Zero sequence current
setting for stage 1
setting for stage 2
Inverse time curve of
zero-sequence current
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.5In
0.05
100
0.1
0.00
60.00
0.2In
0.05
100
0.3
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100
0.05
999.0
0.005
200.0

3I0_EF Inv
setting for inverse time
0.2In
stage
Time Multiplier setting for
K_EF Inv
zero-sequence inverse
time stage
Coefficient setting for
A_EF Inv
time stage
40
0.14

Time delay setting for
B_EF Inv
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
time stage
P_EF Inv
Index for zero-sequence

inverse time current
0.02
Direction characteristic
Angle_EF
angle for zero-sequence
70
Degree
0.00
90.00
70
Degree
0.00
90.00
0.07
0.50
0.10
100.0
0.07
0.50
0.10
100.0
direction
Direction characteristic
Angle_Neg
angle for
negative-sequence
direction
Ratio_I2/I1
0.2
component
Imax_2H_UnBlk
Maximum inrush current

setting
5In
Ratio for zero sequence

Ratio_I02/I01
second harmonic current

to zero sequence
0.2
fundamental component
3I0max_2H_UnBlk
Maximum zero sequence

inrush current setting
5In
Table 13 EF protection binary setting list

Abbr.
Func_EF1
EF1 Direction
Explanation
Earth fault stage 1 enabled or
disabled
Direction of earth fault stage 1
enabled or disabled
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Point to system or point to equipment

EF1 Dir To Sys
is defined as forward direction for

stage 1
EF1 Inrush Block

Func_EF2
EF2 Direction
Inrush restraint for earth fault stage 1

enabled or disabled
disabled
enabled or disabled
EF2 Dir To Sys

stage 2
41

Inrush restraint for earth fault
EF2 Inrush Block
protection stage 2 enabled or
disabled
Func_EF Inv
EF Inv Direction
Inverse time stage for earth fault

Direction of inverse time stage
enabled or disabled
EF Inv Dir To Sys
inverse time stage

EF Inv Inrush Block
Inrush Chk I02/I01

enabled or disabled
Inrush checking of zero sequence
current enabled or disabled
Negative sequence directional
EF U2/I2 Dir
element for EF protection enabled or

disabled
Blk EF at VT Fail
Blk EF at CT Fail
3I0 Calculated
3U0 Calculated
EF Init CBF
1.5
Block or unblock EF protection when

VT fail happens
Block or unblock EF protection when
CT fail happens
3I0 is calculated or measured from
earth fault CT
3U0 is calculated or measured from
earth fault VT
EF protection initiate CBF protection
or not
Reports
Information
Description
EF1 Trip
Earth fault stage 1 trip
EF2 Trip
Earth fault stage 2 trip
EF Inv Trip
Inverse time stage of earth fault protection trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
42

Table 15 Technical data for earth fault protection
Item
Rang or value
Tolerance
Definite time characteristic

0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
operating setting
Reset time
0.00 to 60.00s, step

0.01s
approx. 40ms
Reset ratio
Approx. 0.95 at I/Ir 0.5
Current
Time delay

Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
IEC60255-151
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
ANSI/IEEE C37.112,
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
<I/ISETTING < 20
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
T=
A
i
(
)P 1
I_SET
+B k
IEC60255-151
<I/ISETTING < 20
Time factor of inverse time, A
0.005 to 200.0s, step

0.001s
0.000 to 60.00s, step

0.01s
0.005 to 10.00, step

0.005
set time Multiplier for step n: k
0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Directional element
Operating area range of zero

sequence directional element
160
3, at 3U01V
43

0to 90, step 1

3, at 3U22V
Operating area range of

negative sequence directional
160
element
44
50to 90, step 1
Chapter 5 Neutral earth fault protection
Chapter 5 Neutral earth fault

protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data included in
neutral earth fault protection.
45
Neutral earth fault protection
1.1
Introduction
The neutral earth fault protection focus on phase to earth faults. The
measuring current is the one from dedicated neutral CT.
The following features are provided:
11 kinds of the IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves as well
as optional user defined characteristic
Each stage can be set to be directional/non-directional independently
Zero sequence directional element is applied.

or reverse toward system for all stage

Inrush restraint function can be set for each stage separately
VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection function
Neutral current is measured from dedicated neutral CT
1.2
1.2.1
Time characteristic
The neutral earth fault protection is provided with three stages from which two
stages operate as definite neutral earth fault stages and the other one
operates with inverse time-current characteristic. 11 kinds of inverse time
characteristics are available. It is also possible to create a user defined time
characteristic. Each stage can operate in conjunction with the integrated
inrush restraint and operate based on measured phase current.
combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled by dedicated binary
setting.
46

Pickup value for the definite stage can be set in setting value. The neutral
current measured from the neutral CT is compared with the corresponding
setting value with delay time. If the neutral current exceeds the associated
pickup value, after expiry of the time delay, the trip command or alarm signal
is issued.
The pickup value for inverse time stage can be set in setting value. The
measured neutral current compare with corresponding setting value and if
any phase exceeds that, the protection will issue a trip command with delay
time.
following equation:
t=
A_NOC
i
I_NOC
p _NOC
+ B_NOC K_NOC
Equation 3
where:
A_NOC: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_NOC: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_NOC: index for inverse time stage
K_NOC: Time multiplier
By applying proper setting of the aforementioned parameters, the IED
calculates the tripping or alarming time from the measured current in each
phase separately. Once the calculated time has been elapsed, the trip signal
or alarm signal is issued.
1.2.2

The protection IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during
transformer energizing. In addition to considerable unbalance fundamental
current, inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which does
not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, the inrush current may affect the
protection functions which operate based on the fundamental component of
the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is provided to
prevent neutral earth fault protection from maloperation.
47

recognized when the ratio of the second harmonic current to the fundamental
component exceeds the corresponding setting value for one phase. The
setting value is applicable for both definite time stage and inverse time stage.
The inrush restraint feature will be performed as soon as the ratio exceeds
the set threshold.
measuring current exceeds the setting, the protection will not be blocked any
longer.
1.2.3
Direction determination
The direction determination is performed by comparing the zero sequence
quantities. In current path, the neutral current is measured from the dedicated
neutral CT. In the voltage path, the calculated or measured zero sequence
voltage (3V0) can be used as reference voltage.
voltage can be rotated by adjustable angle between 0and 90in clockwise
direction (negative sign). It should be noted that the settings affect all the
directional stages of earth fault element. In this way, the vector of rotated
reference voltage can be closely adjusted to the vector of fault current -3I0
which lags the fault voltage 3V0 by the fault angle 0_Char. This would
reference voltage defines the forward and reverse area.
Figure 8 shows an example of direction determination.
Bisector
-3I 0
90
Reverse
0
3U 0_Ref
0_Char
Forward
48
-3I 0
Bisector

Figure 8 Direction detection characteristic of earth fault protection directional element
1.2.4
Logic diagram
>3I0_NOC1
NOC1 Dir To Sys
AND
NOC1 Direction Off

NOC1 Direction On
Func_NOC1
AND
T_NOC1
Trip
VT fail
OR
NOC1 Dir To Equip
AND
VT fail
NOC1 Inrush Block Off
0
<3I0max_2H_UnBlk
NOC1 Inrush Block On
AND
I02/I01>
Figure 9 Logic diagram for stage 1 of neutral earth fault protect ion
1.3

I5
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4
Relay Startup
NOC1_Trip
NOC2_Trip
NOC Inv Trip

Signal
Description
I5
Signal for neutral current input
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

49

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
NOC1 Trip
Neutral earth fault protection stage 1 trip
NOC2 Trip

Neutral earth fault protection inverse time
NOC Inv Trip
stage trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 18 Neutral earth fault protection function setting list
Parameter
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
3I0_NOC1
Neutral current setting for stage 1
0.5In
0.05
100.0
0.1
0.00
60.00
0.2In
0.05
100.0
0.3
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100.0
0.05
999.0
T_NOC1
3I0_NOC2
Neutral current setting for stage 2
T_OC2
Curve_NOC Inv
Inverse time curve

3I0_NOC Inv
stage
K_NOC Inv
stage
1
0.2In
A_NOC Inv
Time factor for inverse time stage
0.14
0.005
200.0
B_NOC Inv
Delay time for inverse time stage
0.00
60.00
P_NOC Inv
0.005
10.00
Angle_NOC
70
Degree
0.00
90.00
Maximum inrush current setting
2In
0.10
100.0
0.07
0.50
Min.
Max.
3I0max_2H_UnBlk
0.02

Ratio_I02/I01
0.2
component
Table 19 Neutral earth fault protection binary setting list
Name
Func_NOC1
NOC1 Direction
50
Description
Neutral earth fault stage 1 enabled or
disabled
Direction of neutral earth fault stage 1
enabled or disabled
Default
Unit

Name
Description
NOC1 Dir To
Direction toward the system (0) or
Sys
toward the object (1) for stage 1
NOC1 Inrush
Inrush restraint for neutral earth fault
Block
stage 1 enabled or disabled
Func_NOC2
NOC2 Direction
Neutral earth fault stage 2 enabled or

disabled
Direction of neutral earth fault stage 2
enabled or disabled
NOC2 Dir To
Sys
toward the object (1) for stage 2
NOC2 Inrush
Inrush restraint for neutral earth fault
Block
Func_NOC Inv
Inverse time stage for neutral earth

fault enabled or disabled
NOC Inv
Direction of inverse time stage enabled
Direction
or disabled
NOC Inv Dir To

Sys
Unit
Min.
Max.

toward the object (1) for inverse time
stage
NOC Inv Inrush
Block
enabled or disabled
Blk NOC at VT
VT failure block neutral earth fault
Fail
3U0 Calculated
3U0 calculated or measured from VT
NOC Init CBF
1.5
Default
Neutral earth fault protection initiate

CBF protection enabled or disabled
1
1
Reports
Information
Description
NOC1 Trip
NOC2 Trip
NOC Inv Trip
Neutral earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
51

Table 21 T Technical data for neutral earth fault protection
Item
Rang or value
Tolerance

0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
operating setting
Reset time
0.00 to 60.00s, step

0.01s
approx. 40ms
Reset ratio
Approx. 0.95 at I/Ir 0.5
Current
Time delay

Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI
Inverse;
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
C37.112,
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
T=
A
i
)P 1
I_SET
+B k
with IEC60255-151
0.005 to 200.0s, step

0.001s
0.000 to 60.00s, step

0.01s
0.005 to 10.00, step

0.005
0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Directional element
52
160
0to 90, step 1
160
0to 90, step 1
3, at 3U01V
3, at 3U22V
53
54
Chapter 6 Sensitive earth fault

protection

protection
About this chapter

sensitive earth fault protection.
55

protection
1.1
Introduction
In power networks with high impedance earthing, the phase to earth fault
current is significantly smaller than the short circuit currents. Another difficulty
for earth fault protection is that the magnitude of the phase to earth fault
current is almost independent of the fault location in the network.
Sensitive earth fault protection can be used to detect and give selective trip of
phase to earth faults in isolated or compensated networks. The protection
function also can be applied to detect high impedance earth faults in solidly or
low-resistance earthed networks.
Sensitive earth fault protection integrated in the IED provides following
features:

Sensitive earth fault directional element with U0/I0- principle
Sensitive earth fault directional element with Cos principle

Each stage can be set to be directional, or non-directional independently
Each stage can be set individually to alarm or trip
Displacement voltage can be checked to increase function reliability
Dedicated sensitive CT
VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection function
1.2
1.2.1
Time characteristic
The IED is provided with three sensitive earth fault protection stages of which
56

protection
two stages operate as definite sensitive earth fault stages and the other one
operates with inverse time-current characteristic. 11 kinds of inverse time
characteristics are available. It is also possible to create a user defined time
characteristic. Each stage can operate in conjunction with the integrated
directional functions and operate based on measured phase current which is
input from the dedicated sensitive current transformer.
Pickup value for the definite stage can be set in setting value. The measured
current from sensitive CT input is compared with the corresponding setting
value with delay time. If the measured current exceeds the associated pickup
value, after expiry of the time delay, the trip command or alarm signal is
issued.
following equation:
t=
A_SEF
p _SEF
i
I_SEF
+ B_SEF K_SEF
Equation 4
where:
A_SEF: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_SEF: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_SEF: index for inverse time stage
K_SEF: Time multiplier
1.2.2
Direction determination feature
57

protection
The integrated directional function can be applied to each stage of sensitive
earth fault element via specified binary setting. In order to discriminate
forward or reverse short circuits, the IED provides two methods for sensitive
earth fault direction detection which should be utilized to cover all network
configurations according to the type of grounding. Based on U0/I0-
measurement and based on Cos measurement respectively.
In directional sensitive earth fault protection (using U0/I0- or Cos
elements), the VT failure condition may result in false or undesired tripping or
alarming. In such situation, it is possible to set operation state for each stage
of sensitive earth fault protection which operates in conjunction with direction
feature by binary setting to block the function or operate without direction
detection. When binary setting Blk SEF at VT Fail is disabled, corresponding
sensitive earth fault stages would not consider direction in case of VT failure.
On the contrary, if the binary setting Blk SEF at VT Fail is enabled, the
function will be blocked when VT failure happens. It is noted that the binary
setting affects all the stages of sensitive earth fault element.
Pay attention to that direction determination based on measured
displacement voltage will not be blocked in case of failure detection in the
three-phase connected to voltage transformer. Similarly, if the direction
determination is based on the calculated displacement voltage, the protection
function will not be blocked as a result of failure detection in U4 voltage
transformer. However, in case of a failure in U4 voltage transformer, the
direction determination based on measured value of displacement voltage will
be blocked depend on the binary setting.
1.2.2.1
U0/I0- measurement
In this method, the direction determination is performed by comparing the
displacement angle between zero sequence system quantities. In current
path, the measured current Is from the sensitive input is applied. In the
voltage path, the displacement voltage VN is used as reference voltage, if it is
connected. Otherwise the IED calculates the zero sequence voltage 3V0 from
the summation of the three phase voltages. The condition for direction
determination with 3V0 quantity is that the magnitude of 3V0 is larger than the
setting value.
Contrary to the directional phase elements, which work with the un-faulted
voltage as reference voltage, for the sensitive earth fault protection, the zero
sequence voltage is used as the reference voltage for direction determination.
Depending on the connection of voltage transformer, the corresponding
reference voltage is VN or 3V0 (3V0=VA+VB+VC).
58

protection
Forward
90
- I NS
Bisector
NS_Char
0
3U0_Ref
I NS
Figure 10 Direction detection characteristic of the sensitive earth fault

directional element by U0/I0-
where:
NS_Char: The settable characteristic angle

voltage can be rotated by adjustable angle between 0and 90in
anticlockwise direction (positive sign). It should be noted that the settings
affect all the directional stages of sensitive earth fault element. In this way, the
vector of rotated reference voltage can be closely adjusted to the vector of
fault current -Is which leads the fault voltage 3V0 by the fault angle. This would
reference voltage defines the forward area.
1.2.2.2
Cos measurement
Similar to U0/I0- method, the direction determination is performed in cos
method by using the measured current Is from sensitive current input together
with the measured or calculated displacement voltage. In this context, the
measured displacement voltage is used if it is connected. Otherwise the IED
calculates the zero sequence voltage 3V0 from the summation of the three
phase voltages. The condition for direction determination with 3V0 quantity is
that the magnitude of 3V0 is larger than the setting value.
Unlike to U0/I0- method, direction determination is performed in Cos
method by using those component of the residual current which is
perpendicular to the directional characteristic (axis of symmetry). Figure 11
shows how the IED adopts complex vector diagram for direction
determination. As can be seen, displacement voltage 3V0 is the reference
59

protection
magnitude quantity. The axis of symmetry is defined as a line perpendicular to
this quantity. The sensitive earth fault protection would issue a trip command
or an alarm signal if the active component of Is is in the opposite direction of
the reference voltage and has a magnitude exceeds corresponding setting.
IS
90
Forward
3U0_Ref
- IS
Figure 11 Direction detection characteristic of the sensitive earth fault

directional element by Cos
1.2.3
Logic diagram
U0/I0-
SEF Chk U0/I0 On
AND
Forward
3U0>
Figure 12 Logic diagram for direction determination based on U0/I0- measurement
IsCOS
SEF Chk U0/I0 Off
AND
Forward
3U0>
Figure 13 Logic diagram for direction determination based on Cos measurement
60

protection
Blk SEF at VT Fail Off
VT Fail
Blk SEF at VT Fail On
OR
3U0 Calculated On
AND
Forward
OR
Forward Release
AND
V1p VT Fail
Blk SEF at VT Fail On
OR
3U0 Calculated Off
Blk SEF at VT Fail Off
Figure 14 Influence of VT failure on direction determination of sensitive earth fault protection
Is >
Func_SEF1
1
Forward Release
T_SEF1
AND
Trip/Alarm
SFF1 Direction Off

SEF1 Direction On
Figure 15 Logic diagram for the first definite stage of sensitive earth fault protection
Is Inverse
Func_SEF Inv
1
Forward Release
AND
Trip/Alarm
SFF Inv Direction Off

SEF Inv Direction On
Figure 16 Logic diagram for the inverse time stage of sensitive earth fault protection
1.3
61

protection
IS
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4
Relay Startup
SEF1 Trip
SEF1 Alarm
SEF2 Trip
SEF2 Alarm
SEF Inv Trip
SEF Inv Alarm

Signal
Description
Is
Signal for sensitive current input
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
SEF1 Trip
Sensitive earth fault protection stage 1 trip
SEF1 Alarm
Sensitive earth fault protection stage 1 alarm
SEF2 Trip
SEF2 Alarm

Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time
SEF Inv Trip
stage trip
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time
SEF Inv Alarm
stage alarm
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting list
Table 24 Sensitive earth fault protection function setting list
Parameter
62
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.

protection
Parameter
Description
0.005
1.00
0.1
0.00
60.00
0.1
0.005
1.00
0.5
0.00
60.00
12
0.00
1.00
0.05
999.0

Inverse time curve
stage
stage
stage
Delay time for inverse time
stage
P_SEF Inv
Angle_SEF
U_SEF
stage 2
Curve_SEF Inv
IsCOS_SEF
0.2
Sensitive current setting for
T_SEF2
B_SEF Inv
Max.
I_SEF2
A_SEF Inv
Min.
stage 1
T_SEF1
K_SEF Inv
Unit
Sensitive current setting for
I_SEF1
I_SEF Inv
Default
Cos measurement for

direction determination
Voltage setting for SEF
1
0.5
1
0.14
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.02
0.005
10.00
70
0.00
90.00
0.2
0.005
1.00
2.00
100.0
Table 25 Sensitive earth fault protection binary setting list

Name
Func_SEF1
SEF1 Trip
SEF1 Direction
Func_SEF2
SEF2 Trip
SEF2 Direction
Func_SEF Inv
SEF Inv Trip
SEF Inv
Description
Sensitive earth fault stage 1 enabled or
disabled
Sensitive earth fault stage 1 trip or
alarm
Direction of sensitive earth fault stage 1
enabled or disabled
Sensitive earth fault stage 2 enabled or
disabled
alarm
Direction of sensitive earth fault stage 2
enabled or disabled
Sensitive earth fault inverse time stage
enabled or disabled
Sensitive earth fault inverse time stage
trip or alarm
Direction of sensitive earth fault inverse
Default
Min.
Max.
Unit
1
0
63

protection
Name
Description
Direction
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
time stage enabled or disabled

U0/I0 measurement or Cos
SEF Chk U0/I0
measurement for direction

determination
Blk SEF at VT
VT failure block sensitive earth fault
Fail
3U0 Calculated
3U0 calculated or measured from VT

Sensitive earth fault protection initiate
SEF Init CBF
1.5
IED report
Information
Description
SEF1 Trip
SEF2 Trip
SEF Inv Trip
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage 2 trip

Table 27 Alarm report list
Information
Description
SEF1 Alarm
SEF2 Alarm
SEF Inv Alarm
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage alarm
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 28 Technical data for sensitive earth fault protection
Item
Range or value
Tolerance

Current from sensitive CT
0.005 to 1.000 A , step 0.001 A
input
Current from neutral CT input
3 % setting value or 1
mA
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3 % setting value or 0.02

Ir
64

protection
Time delay
0.00 to 60.00, step 0.01 s
1.5 % setting value or

+40 ms, at 200% operating
setting
Reset ratio
Approx. 0.95 when I/In 0.5
Reset time
Approx. 40 ms
Current from sensitive input
0.005 to 1.000 A , step 0.001 A
3 % setting value or 1
mA
Current from normal input
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
3 % setting value or 0.02

Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
accordance with
Long inverse
ANSI
IEC60255-151
Inverse;
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
C37.112,
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
T=
A
i
)P1
I_SET
+B k

accordance with
IEC60255-151
0.005 to 200.0s, step 0.001s
0.000 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
0.005 to 10.00, step 0.005
0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
20ms
100s
Reset mode
instantaneous
Reset time
approx. 40ms
Directional element for sensitive earth-fault protection
principles
I cos
(V0 / I0)
Direction measurement
IE and VE measured
or 3V0 calculated
3U0 Minimum voltage

threshold
2.00 to 100.00 V, step 0.01 V
3 % setting for measured

voltage;
5 % setting for
65

protection
calculated voltage
0.0to 90.0, step 1
160
_SEFChar
66
Chapter 7 Negative sequence

overcurrent protection

About this chapter

negative sequence overcurrent protection.
67

Negative sequence overcurrent

protection
1.1
Introduction
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection detects unbalanced loads on the
system. It is especially useful to monitor the unbalanced load of motors. This
is due to the fact that unbalanced loads result in counter-rotating fields in
three-phase induction motors, which cause overheating in rotor end zones. In
addition, the protection function may be used to detect interruptions, short
circuits and polarity problems with current transformers. Furthermore, it is
suitable for detecting single-phase and two-phase faults with fault currents
lower than load currents.
The protection provide following features:

The first definite stage and inverse stage can be set individually as alarm
or trip stage
1.2
1.2.1
Protection function description

The IED provides three negative-sequence overcurrent protection stages
from which two stages operate as definite time stages and the other one
operates with inverse time-current characteristic. The negative-sequence
overcurrent protection operates based on negative sequence current
calculated from three phase currents, as the following formula shown:
3I2 = IA + a2 IB + aIC
Equation 5
68

Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be set in setting value. The
calculated negative sequence current from Equation 5 is compared
separately with the corresponding setting value with delay time. If the
calculated negative-sequence current exceeds the associated pickup value,
after expiry of the time delay, the trip command or alarm signal is issued.
following equation:
t=
A_NSOC
i
I_NSOC
p _NSOC
+ B_NSOC K_NSOC
Equation 6
where:
A_NSOC: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_NSOC: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_NSOC: index for inverse time stage
K_NSOC: Time multiplier
1.2.2
Logic diagram
69

CT Fail
AND
3I2 > 3I2_NSOC1
T_NSOC1
NS1 Trip/Alarm
T_NSOC2
NS2 Trip
Func_NSOC1 On
AND
Func_NSOC2 On
3I2 > 3I2_NSOC2
AND
3I2 > 3I2_NSOC Inv
NS INV Trip/Alarm
Func_NSOC Inv
Figure 17 Logic diagram for negative sequence overcurrent protection
1.3
IP1
IP2
IP3
Relay Startup
NSOC1 Trip
NSOC1 Alarm
NSOC2 Trip
NSOC Inv Trip
NSOC Inv Alarm

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
NSOC1 Trip
70
Negative sequence overcurrent protection

stage 1 trip

NSOC1 Alarm
stage 1 alarm
NSOC2 Trip
stage 2 trip
NSOC Inv Trip
inverse time stage trip

NSOC Inv Alarm
inverse time stage alarm
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 31 Negative sequence overcurrent protection function setting list
Parameter
3I2_NSOC1
T_NSOC1
3I2_NSOC2
T_NSOC2
Curve_NOC Inv
3I2_NSOC Inv
K_NSOC Inv
A_NSOC Inv
B_NSOC Inv
P_NSOC Inv
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.5In
0.05
100.0
0.1
0.00
60.00
0.2In
0.05
100.0
0.3
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100.0
0.05
999.0
Negative sequence current

setting for stage 1
Negative sequence setting for
stage 2
Inverse time curve
stage
stage
stage
Delay time for inverse time
stage
1
0.2In
1
0.14
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
0.02
Table 32 Negative sequence overcurrent protection binary setting list

Name
Func_NSOC1
NSOC1 Trip
Func_NSOC2
Description
protection stage 1 enabled or disabled
Negative sequence overcurrent stage 1
trip or alarm
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
1
71

Name
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
protection stage 2 enabled or disabled

Inverse time stage of negative
Func_NSOC Inv
sequence overcurrent protection

enabled or disabled
NSOC Inv Trip

NSOC Init CBF
1.5
Inverse time stage negative sequence

overcurrent trip or alarm
protection initiate CBF protection
Reports
Information
Description
NSOC1 Trip
Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
NSOC2 Trip
NSOC Inv Trip
Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip

Information
Description
NSOC1 Alarm
Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 alarm
NSOC Inv Alarm
Negative sequence overcurrent protection Inverse time stage alarm
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 35 T Technical data for negative sequence overcurrent protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance

Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay
0.00 to 60.00, step 0.01 s
Reset time
40 ms
Reset ratio
Approx. 0.95 for I2 /Ir > 0.5

72
3% setting value or
0.02Ir
1% setting or +40ms, at

Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
IEC standard
Normal inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
accordance with
Long inverse
ANSI
IEC60255-151
Inverse;
Short inverse;
Long inverse;
Moderately inverse;
C37.112,
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
T=
A
i
)P1
I_SET
+B k
accordance with
IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time,
0.005 to 200.0s, step 0.001s
A
0.000 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
0.005 to 10.00, step 0.005
set time Multiplier for step
0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
n: k
Reset time
20ms
100s
approx. 40ms
73

74
Chapter 8 Thermal overload protection
Chapter 8 Thermal overload

protection
About this chapter

thermal overload protection.
75
1.1
Introduction
The thermal overload protection represents an essential requirement to
prevent protected equipment from thermal damaging due to overloads.
Thermal damage mostly affects the insulating material surrounding the phase
current conductors in transformers, cables or any other power equipment. As
a matter of fact, the insulation material ages too rapidly if the equipment
temperature exceeds the design limit value. Thus, a special protection is
needed to prevent over-temperature condition for the protected object. Since
severity of over-temperature condition is directly proportional to current
squared, the thermal protection operates based on the square of measured
current flowing through the protected object. Furthermore, because the
cumulative nature of over-temperature condition, it is necessary to integrate
previous thermal history of equipment in the protection. This is achieved in
the IED by providing a comprehensive thermal replica of the protected object.
In this regard the IED provides an overload protection with memory capability
by taking into account both the previous history of an overload and the heat
loss to the environment.
1.2
Function principle
1.2.1
Function description
The thermal overload protection in the IED is provided with one trip stage as
well as one alarm stage. It is possible to set the alarm stage at a certain
percentage of the setting value applied at the trip stage. The protection
function operates based on an approximate replica of the protected object in
the event of temperature rise caused by overload. The thermal replica is
implemented based on thermal models (Cold or Hot Curve) of IEC60255-8
standard. The temperature rise is calculated separately for each phase in a
thermal replica from the square of the respective phase current. The
maximum calculated temperature rise of the three phases is decisive for
evaluation of the thresholds.
The IED calculates the temperature rise of the protected equipment in each
phase, based on following differential equation:
76
+ =

Equation 7
where:
: is thermal time constant of heating for the protected object, in seconds. It is usually
determined by manufacturer of the protected object. This parameter can be set in
setting value.
I: is the measured fundamental current flowing through each phase of the protected
object.
I : is the maximum permissible continuous thermal overload current. It is usually
specified by manufacturer of the protected object. This parameter can be set in
setting value.
: is temperature rise of the protected object in per unit of the final temperature rise
at maximum allowed phase current I .
According to Equation 7, the tripping time for thermal overload protection is

calculated by the following equation based on Hot Curve in IEC60255-8
standard:
t = ln
Equation 8
where:
IP: is steady state current previous to the overload.
The IED is capable to calculate tripping time of thermal overload protection

not only based on the Hot Curve, but also based on Cold Curve as defined in
IEC60255-8 standard and equation as following:
t = ln
Equation 9
From the Equation 8 and Equation 9 can be seen, the cold curve provides
77

no memory regarding to previous thermal condition of the protected object,
whereas, by using the hot curve, the protection function is able to represent a
memorized thermal profile of the protected object. It is possible to set which
curve should be considered for thermal overload protection by binary setting
Hot Curve/Cold Curve. If Hot Curve is enabled, tripping time of thermal
overload protection would be calculated based on Equation 8. In contrast, if
applying Cold Curve, Equation 9 would be used for calculation process. It is
noted that binary setting Hot Curve/Cold Curve affects both the alarm and
trip stages.
1.3

IP1
IP2
IP3
Relay Startup
Thermal OL Trip
Thermal OL Alarm

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
Thermal OL Trip
Thermal overload protection trip
Thermal OL Alarm
Thermal overload protection alarm
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 38 Thermal overload protection function setting list
78
Parameter
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
I_Thermal OL Trip
Thermal overload current setting
1.1In
0.10
25.00

Parameter
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
1.1In
0.10
25.00
60
1.00
9999
60
1.00
9999
Min.
Max.
for tripping
I_Thermal OL Alarm
T_Const Thermal
T_Const Cool Down
Thermal overload current setting

for alarming
Time constant for thermal
overload protection
Time constant for cool down
Table 39 Thermal overload protection binary setting list

Name
Description
Func_Thermal OL
Cold Curve
enabled or disabled
Cold Curve or Hot Curve
Thermal OL Init CBF
1.5

initiate CBF protection
Default
Unit
Reports
Information
Description
Thermal OL Trip

Information
Description
Thermal OL Alarm
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 42 Technical data for thermal overload protection
Item
Rang or Value
Current
0.1 Ir to 5.00 Ir
Thermal heating time

constant
1 to 9999 s
Tolerance
79

Thermal cooling time
constant
80
1 to 9999 s
IEC cold curve
I eq2
t ln 2
2
I eq I
IEC 602558,
5% setting or +40ms
IEC hot curve
I eq2 I P2
t ln 2
2
I eq I
IEC 602558,
5% setting or +40ms
Chapter 9 Overload protection
About this chapter

overload protection.
81
Overload protection
1.1
1.1.1
The IED supervises load flow in real time. If each phase current is greater
than the dedicated setting for a set delay time, the protection will alarm.
1.1.2
Logic diagram
Ia>I_OL Alarm
OR
Ib>I_OL Alarm
Ic>I_OL Alarm
AND
T_OL Alarm
Func_OL
Figure 18 Logic diagram for overload protection
1.2

IP1
IP2
IP3
Overload Alarm

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3

82
Signal
Description
Overload Alarm
Overload function alarm
Alarm

1.3
Setting parameters
1.3.1
Setting lists
Table 45 Function setting list for overload protection
Parameter
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
I_OL Alarm
Current setting for overload protection
2In
0.05
100.0
T_OL Alarm
Time setting for overload protection
60
0.00
6000
Unit
Min.
Max.
Table 46 Binary setting list for overload protection

Name
Default
Overload function enabled or
Func_OL
1.4
Description
disabled
Reports
Table 47 Alarm information list
Information
Description
Overload Alarm
Overload protection alarm
83
84
Chapter 10 Overvoltage protection
About this chapter

overvoltage protection.
85
Overvoltage protection
1.1
Introduction
The overvoltage protection detects abnormal network and machine high
voltage conditions. Overvoltage conditions may occur possibly in the power
system during abnormal conditions such as no-load, light load, or open line
end on long line. The protection can be used as open line end detector or as
system voltage supervision normally.
The protection provides following features:
Each stage can be set to alarm or trip
Measuring voltage between phase-earth voltage and phase-phase

selectable
Settable dropout ratio
1.2
1.2.1
Phase to phase overvoltage protection

All the three phase voltages are measured continuously, and compared with
the corresponding setting value. If the phase to phase voltage exceeds the
set threshold and after expiry of the time delay, the protection IED will issue
alarm signal or trip command according to the users requirement.
There are two stages included in overvoltage protection, each stage can be
set to alarm or trip separately in binary setting, and the time delay for each
stage can be individually set. Thus, the alarming or tripping can be
time-coordinated based on how severe the voltage increase, e.g. in case of
high overvoltage, the trip command will be issued with a short time delay,
whereas for the less severe overvoltage, trip or alarm signal can be issued
with a longer time delay.
1.2.2
86
Phase to earth overvlotage protection

The phase to earth overvoltage protection operates just like the phase to
phase protection except that it detects phase to earth voltages.
1.2.3
Logic diagram
Ua>
OV Chk PE Enabled
OR
Ub>
OV Trip Enabled
Uc>
Trip
OR
T_OV
OV Trip Disabled
Uab>
Alarm
OR
Ubc>
OV Chk PE Disabled
Uca>
Figure 19 Logic diagram for overvoltage protection
1.3

UP1
UP2
UP3
Relay Startup
OV1_Trip
OV2_Trip
OV1 Alarm
OV2 Alarm

Signal
Description
UP1
UP2
UP3

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases

87

OV1 Alarm
Overvoltage protection stage 1 alarm
OV2 Alarm
OV1_Trip
Overvoltage protection stage 1 trip
OV2_Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 50 Function setting list for overvoltage protection
Parameter
Description
Voltage setting for overvoltage
U_OV1
protection stage 1
Time setting for overvoltage protection
T_OV1
stage 1
Voltage setting for overvoltage
U_OV2
protection stage 2
Time setting for overvoltage protection
T_OV2
stage 2
Dropout_OV
Dropout ratio for overvoltage protection
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
65
40.00
200.0
0.3
0.00
60.00
63
40.00
200.0
0.6
0.00
60.00
0.90
0.99
Min.
Max.
0.95
Table 51 Binary setting list for overvoltage protection

Name
Description
Overvoltage stage 1 enabled or
Func_OV1
disabled
OV1 Trip
Overvoltage stage 1 trip or alarm

Func_OV2
disabled
OV2 Trip
Default
Unit
Phase to phase voltage or phase

OV Chk PE
to earth measured for overvoltage

protection
OV Init CBF
1.5
Overvoltage protection initiate

CBF enabled or disabled
Reports
88

Information
Description
OV1 Trip
Overvoltage stage 1 trip
OV2 Trip
Overvoltage stage 2 trip

Information
Description
OV1 Alarm
Overvoltage stage 1 alarm
OV2 Alarm
Overvoltage stage 2 alarm
1.6
Technical data
Table 54 Technical data for overvoltage protection
Item
Voltage connection
Rang or Value
Phase-to-phase voltages or
Tolerance
3 % setting or 1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage
40 to 100 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Phase to phase voltage
80 to 200 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Reset ratio
0.90 to 0.99, step 0.01
3 % setting
Time delay
0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
1 % setting or +50 ms, at

Reset time
<40ms
89
90
Chapter 11 Undervoltage protection
About this chapter

undervoltage protection.
91
Undervoltage protection
1.1
Introduction
Undervoltage protection has the function to protect electrical equipment
against undervoltage. It can detect voltage collapses on transmission lines,
power transformer and electrical machines and prevents inadmissible
operation condition and a possible stability problem.
The protection provides following features:
Measuring voltage between phase-earth and phase-phase voltage

selectable
Current criteria supervision
Circuit breaker aux. contact supervision
VT secondary circuit supervision, the undervoltage function will be

blocked when VT failure happens
Settable dropout ratio
1.2
1.2.1
Phase to phase underovltage protection

All the three phase voltages are measured continuously, and compared with
the corresponding setting value. If phase to phase voltage falls below the set
threshold and after expiry of the time delay, the protection IED will issue
alarm signal or trip command according to the users requirement.
There are two stages included in undervoltage protection, each stage can be
set to alarm or trip separately in binary setting, and the time delay for each
stage can be individually set. Thus, the alarming or tripping can be
time-coordinated based on how severe the voltage collapse, e.g. in case of
severe undervoltage happens, the trip command will be issued with a short
92

time delay, whereas for the less severe undervoltage, trip or alarm signal can
be issued with a longer time delay.
Furthermore, for the undervoltage protection, it is possible to set the IED to
operate either when all the measured phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase
voltages falls below the setting or when at least one of the phase-to-earth or
phase-to-phase voltage falls below the respective setting, which can be set in
binary setting.
1.2.2
Phase to earth undervoltage protection

The phase to earth undervoltage protection operates just like the phase to
phase protection except that it detects phase to earth voltages.
1.2.3
Depending on the VT location

Depending on the application, the voltage transformers are located on the
busbar side or on the line side. This results in a different behaviour of the
undervoltage protection.
A
B
C
Protection
IED
A
B
C
N
Figure 20 VT located at busbar side
A
B
C
Protection
IED
A
B
C
N
93

Figure 21 VT located at line side
When a tripping command is issued and the circuit breaker is open, full
voltage remains on the source side while the line side voltage drops to zero.
In this case, undervoltage protection may remain pickup which can be solved
in the IED by integrating additional current criterion. With the current criterion,
undervoltage protection can be maintained only when the undervoltage
criterion satisfied and a minimum current are exceeded. The undervoltage
protection would dropout as soon as the current fall below the corresponding
setting. If the voltage transformer is installed on the busbar side and it is not
desired to check the current flow, this criterion can be disabled by binary
setting.
When the VT located at line side, there is another circuit breaker auxiliary
contact supervision criterion for more security. With this feature, the IED
would issue a trip command when the circuit breaker is closed. This criterion
can be enabled or disabled via binary setting. If the voltage transformer is
installed on the line side and it is not desired to supervise the circuit breaker
position for undervoltage protection, the criterion can be disabled in binary
setting.
1.2.4
94
Logic diagram

Ua<
UV Chk All Phase disabled
Ub<
OR
Uc<
UV Chk PE enabled
OR
Ua<
Ub<
AND
UV Chk All Phase enabled
Uc<
OR
Uab<
UV Chk All Phase disabled
Ubc<
OR
Uca<
UV Chk PE disabled
OR
Uab<
Ubc<
AND
UV Chk All Phase enabled
Uca<
UV Chk CB status disabled
OR
PhA(B,C)
CB Open
UV Trip enabled
Trip
UV Chk CB status enabled
AND
Func_UV
T_UV
UV Chk Current disabled
OR
IA(IB,IC)>
Alarm
UV Chk Current enabled
UV Trip disabled
VT fail
Figure 22 Logic diagram for undervoltage protection
95

1.3

UP1
UP2
UP3
IP1
IP2
IP3
Ph A CB Open
Ph B CB Open
Ph C CB Open
Relay Startup
UV1 Trip
UV2 Trip
UV1 Alarm
UV2 Alarm

Signal
Description
UP1
signal for voltage input 1
UP2
UP3
IP1
signal for current input 1
IP2
IP3

Table 56 Binary input list
Signal
Description
Ph A CB Open
Phase A open status of CB
Ph B CB Open
Phase B open status of CB
Ph C CB Open
Phase C open status of CB

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
UV1 Alarm
Undervoltage protection stage 1 alarm
UV2 Alarm
UV1_Trip
Undervoltage protection stage 1 trip
UV2_Trip
1.4
96
Setting parameters

1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 58 Undervoltage protection function setting list
Parameter
Description
Voltage setting for undervoltage
U_UV1
protection stage 1
Time setting for undervoltage protection
T_UV1
stage 1
Voltage setting for undervoltage
U_UV2
protection stage 2
Time setting for undervoltage protection
T_UV2
stage 2
Dropout_UV
I_UV_Chk
Dropout ratio for undervoltage

protection
Current setting for undervoltage
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
40
5.00
150.0
0.3
0.00
120.00
45
5.00
150.0
0.6
0.00
120.00
1.01
2.00
0.05
10.00
1.05
0.1In
Table 59 Undervoltage protection binary setting list

Name
Description
Undervoltage stage 1 enabled or
Func_UV1
disabled
Undervotage stage 1 tripping
UV1 Trip
enabled or disabled
Func_UV2
disabled
UV2 Trip
enabled or disabled
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
Phase to phase or phase to earth

UV PE
measured for undervoltage

protection
UV Chk All Phase

UV Chk Current
UV Chk CB
1.5
Checking three phase voltage for

undervoltage protection
Checking current for
Checking CB aux. contact for
Reports
97

Information
Description
UV1 Trip
Undervoltage stage 1 trip
UV2 Trip
Undervoltage stage 2 trip

Information
Description
UV1 Alarm
Undervoltage stage 1 alarm
UV2 Alarm
Undervoltage stage 2 alarm
1.6
Technical data
Table 62 Technical data for undervoltage protection
Item
Voltage connection
Rang or Value
Phase-to-phase voltages or
Tolerance
3 % setting or 1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage
5 to 75 V , step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Phase to phase voltage
10 to 150 V, step 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
Reset ratio
1.01 to 2.00, step 0.01
3 % setting
Time delay
0.00 to 120.00 s, step 0.01 s

98
Current criteria
0.08 to 2.00 Ir
Reset time
50 ms
Chapter 12 Displacement voltage

protection

protection
About this chapter

displacement voltage protection.
99

protection
1.1
Introduction
The displacement voltage protection is able to monitor the displacement
voltage to detect the earth fault in power system. It is usually applied in
non-solidly earthed networks where the earth fault current is limited.
The protection provide following features:
3U0 based on calculated summation of 3 phase voltage or measured

injected residual voltage
1.2
1.2.1
The displacement voltage 3U0 can be either directly measured from VT or
calculated based on connected three phases to earth voltages (3V0= VA+ VB+
VC). In the latter case, the three voltages transformers input must be
connected in an earth-wye configuration.
If the displacement voltage is directly applied to the IED and binary setting
3U0 Calculated is disabled, the protection is not affected by VT fail detection
on three-phase connected voltage. Similarly, if the displacement voltage is
calculated based on the three-phase voltages and binary setting 3U0
Calculated is enabled, it would not be blocked as a result of failure detection
in U4 voltage transformer. However, in case of a failure in U4 voltage
transformer and the displacement voltage protection based on measured
value 3V0 would be blocked.
Two definite time stages are provided by the displacement voltage protection
for detecting earth faults. The provided stages can be set to issue an alarm
signal or a trip command. This can be achieved by binary setting. Generally,
stage 1 is applied to monitor light earth faults and hence is usually used as
the alarm stage. However, stage 2 is applied to detect heavy earth faults and
therefore is set for trip stage.
100

protection
Individual pickup value for the each definite stage can be set in setting value.
The measured or calculated displacement voltage is compared separately
with the corresponding setting value with delay time. If the displacement
voltage exceeds the associated pickup value, after expiry of the time delay,
the trip command is issued.
1.2.2
Logic diagram
3U0 Calculated
U3P VT Fail
CB Open A
CB Open B
AND
OR
CB Open C
Func_3V01
AND
T_3V01
Trip/Alarm
T_3V02
Trip/Alarm
3U0>U_3V01
Func_3V02
AND
3U0>U_3V02
Figure 23 Logic diagram for displacement voltage protection
1.3

UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4
Relay Startup
3V01_Trip
3V02_Trip
3V01 Alarm
3V02 Alarm
101

protection
Signal
Description
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases

Displacement voltage protection stage 1
3V01 Alarm
alarm
Displacement voltage protection stage 2
3V02 Alarm
alarm
3V01_Trip
Displacement voltage protection stage 1 trip
3V02_Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 65 Function setting list for displacement voltage protection
Parameter
Description
Voltage setting for displacement voltage
U_3V01
protection stage 1
Time setting for displacement voltage
T_3V01
protection stage 1
Voltage setting for displacement voltage
U_3V02
protection stage 2
Time setting for displacement voltage
T_3V02
protection stage 2
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
20
2.00
100.0
0.1
0.00
60.00
10
2.00
100.0
0.00
60.00
Min.
Max.
Table 66 Binary setting list for displacement voltage protection

Name
Func_3V01
3V01 Trip
102
Description
Displacement voltage stage 1
enabled or disabled
Displacement voltage stage 1 trip
or alarm
Default
Unit

protection
Name
Description
Func_3V02
enabled or disabled
3V02 Trip
or alarm
3U0 Calculated
Displacement voltage is
calculated or measured form VT
3V0 Init CBF
1.5
Default
initiate CBF enabled or disabled
Unit
Min.
Max.
Reports
Information
Description
3V01 Trip
3V02 Trip

Information
Description
3V01 Alarm
Displacement voltage stage 1 alarm
3V02 Alarm
Displacement voltage stage 2 alarm
1.6
Technical data
Table 69 Technical data for displacement voltage protection
Item
Pickup threshold 3V0
Rang or Value
Tolerance
2 to 100 V, step 1 V
5 % setting value or 1 V
0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01s
(calculated)
Time delay

Reset ratio
Approx. 0.95
103

protection
104
Chapter 13 Circuit breaker failure

protection

protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for circuit
breaker failure protection.
105

protection
Circuit breaker failure protection
1.1
Introduction
The circuit breaker failure (CBF) protection function monitors proper tripping
of the relevant circuit breaker. Normally, the circuit breaker should be tripped
and therefore interrupt the fault current whenever a short circuit protection
function issues a trip command. Circuit breaker failure protection provides
rapid back-up fault clearance, in the event of circuit breaker malfunction to
respond to a trip command.
Line2
Line3
LineN
Bus
Trip
IFAULT
Figure 24 Simplified function diagram of circuit breaker failure protection
The main features of CBF protection is as following:
106
Two trip stages (local and surrounding breaker tripping)
Transfer trip command to the remote line end in second stage
Internal/ external initiation
Single/three phase CBF initiation
Selectable CB Aux contacts checking
Current criteria checking (including phase current, zero and negative

sequence current)

protection
1.2
Function Description
Circuit breaker failure protection can be enabled or disabled in the IED by
binary setting. If the CBF protection is enabled, by operation of a protection
function and subsequent CBF initiation by respective protection function or
externally, a programmed timer will run toward a preset time delay limit. This
time delay is set by settings T_CBF1. If the circuit breaker has not been
opened after expiration of the preset time limit, the IED issues a command to
trip circuit breaker (e.g. via a second trip coil). If the circuit breaker doesnt
respond to the repeated trip command, until another preset delay time which
is set to T_CBF2, the protection will issue a trip command to isolate the fault
by tripping other surrounding backup circuit breakers (e.g. the other CBs
connected to the same bus section as the faulty CB).
Initiation of CBF protection can be performed by both internal and external
protection functions. If CBF protection is desired to be initiated by means of
external protection functions, specified binary inputs (BI) should be
marshaled. This IED provides 4 binary inputs for externally initiation of
integrated CBF function. One of them is 3-phase CBF initiation and other
three are for phase selective CBF initiation in the case of single phase
tripping when single phase AR is allowed.
There are two criteria for breaker failure detection: the first one is to check
whether the actual current flow effectively disappeared after a tripping
command had been issued. The second one is to evaluate the circuit breaker
auxiliary contact status.
1.2.1
Current criterion evaluation

Since circuit breaker is supposed to be open when current disappears from
the circuit, the first criterion (current monitoring) is the most reliable way for
IED to be informed about proper operation of circuit breaker. Therefore,
current monitoring is applied to detect circuit breaker failure condition. In this
context, the monitored current of each phase is compared with the
pre-defined setting. Furthermore, it is possible to implement current checking
in case of zero-sequence (3I0 = IA + IB + IC ) and negative-sequence
(3I2=IA+a2IB+aIC) currents via binary setting. If the zero-sequence and
negative-sequence current checking are enabled, zero sequence and
negative-sequence current are compared separately with the corresponding
threshold.
1.2.2
Circuit breaker auxiliary contact evaluation

107

protection
For protection functions where the tripping criterion is not dependent on
current, current flow is not a suitable criterion for proper operation of the
breaker. In this case, the position of the circuit breaker auxiliary contact
should be used to determine if the circuit breaker properly operated. It is
possible to evaluate the circuit breaker operation from its auxiliary contact
status. A precondition for evaluating circuit breaker auxiliary contact is that
open status of CB should be marshaled to binary inputs.
1.2.3
Logic diagram
Ia > I_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 Off
3I0 > 3I0_CBF

OR
CBF Curr. Crit.

A
OR
CBF Curr. Crit.

B
OR
CBF Curr. Crit.

C
AND
3I2 > 3I2_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2
OR
Ib > I_CBF
Ic > I_CBF
Ib > I_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 Off
3I0 > 3I0_CBF

AND
3I2 > 3I2_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2
OR
Ic > I_CBF
Ia > I_CBF
Ic > I_CBF
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 Off
3I0 > 3I0_CBF

3I2 > 3I2_CBF
AND
OR
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2
Ia > I_CBF
Ib > I_CBF
OR
Figure 25 Logic diagram for current criterion of CBF protection
108
CBF Curr. Crit.

3P

protection
BI_PhA CB
Open
AND
CB A is
closed
AND
CB B is
closed
AND
CB C is
closed
AND
CB 1P is closed
PhA Init CBF

AND
CBF Curr. Crit.
3P
OR
BI_PhB CB Open
PhB Init CBF
AND
CBF Curr. Crit.
3P
OR
BI_PhC CB Open
PhC Init CBF
AND
CBF Curr. Crit.
3P
OR
BI_PhA CB Open
BI_PhB CB Open
AND
BI_PhC CB Open
BI_3Ph CB Close
CBF Chk BI_3Ph CB

Close
1
3Ph Init CBF
CBF Curr. Crit.
3P
AND
OR
Figure 26 Logic diagram for circuit breaker auxiliary contact evaluation
109

protection
BI_PhA Init
CBF
BI_PhB Init CBF
BI_PhC Init
CBF
OR
Talm
BI_CBF Err
BI_3Ph Init CBF

AND
BI_PhA Init CBF
OR
PhA Init CBF
OR
PhB Init CBF
OR
PhC Init CBF
Inter PhA Init

CBF
AND
BI_PhB Init CBF
Inter PhB Init
CBF
BI_PhC Init
CBF
Inter PhC Init
CBF
AND
AND
AND
AND
OR
AND
BI_3Ph Init CBF
Inter 3Ph Init CBF
Figure 27 Logic diagram for internal and external initiation
110
3Ph Init CBF

protection
CB A is closed
CBF Curr. Crit.
A
CBF Chk CB Status
OR
AND
CBF A Startup
AND
CBF B Startup
AND
CBF C Startup
AND
CBF 3P Startup
PhA Init CBF

CB B is closed
CBF Curr. Crit.
B
CBF Chk CB Status
OR
PhB Init CBF
CB C is closed
CBF Curr. Crit.
C
CBF Chk CB Status
OR
PhC Init CBF
CB 1P is closed
CBF Curr. Crit.
3P
CBF Chk CB Status
OR
3Ph Init CBF
Figure 28 Logic diagram for CBF protection startup
111

protection
T_CBF1
CBF A Startup
Func_CBF On
OR
CBF1 Trip PhA
OR
CBF1 Trip PhB
OR
CBF1 Trip PhC
T_CBF1
CBF B Startup
Func_CBF On
T_CBF1
CBF C Startup
Func_CBF On
AND
AND
CBF1 Trip 3Ph
OR
AND
CBF 3P Startup
T_CBF1
Func_CBF On
Figure 29 Logic diagram for first stage of CBF
CBF A Startup
CBF B Startup
CBF C Startup
AND
AND
AND
CBF1 Trip 3Ph
Func_CBF
On
Func_CBF
On
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF 1P Trip 3P On
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
OR
CBF 1P Trip 3P On
Func_CBF
On
CBF1 1P Trip
3P
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
CBF 1P Trip 3P On
Figure 30 Logic diagram for three-phase trip initiated by single phase startup
T_CBF2
CBF A Startup
Func_CBF On
T_CBF2
CBF B Startup
Func_CBF On
OR
T_CBF2
CBF C Startup
Func_CBF On
T_CBF2
CBF 3P Startup
Func_CBF On
112
CBF2 Trip

protection
Figure 31 Logic diagram for second stage of CBF
1.3

IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
PhA Init CBF
PhB Init CBF
PhC Init CBF
3Ph Init CBF
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
3Ph CB Close
Relay Startup
Trip PhA
Trip PhB
Trip PhC
Trip 3Ph
CBF1 Trip
CBF2 Trip

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
signal for zero sequence current input

Signal
Description
PhA Init CBF
PhaseA initiate CBF
PhB Init CBF
PhaseB initiate CBF
PhC Init CBF
PhaseC initiate CBF
3Ph Init CBF
Three phase initiate CBF
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
3Ph CB Close
Three phase CB close

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
Trip PhA
Trip phase A
113

protection
Trip PhB
Trip phase B
Trip PhC
Trip phase C
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phases
CBF1 Trip
Circuit breaker failure protection stage 1 trip
CBF2 Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 73 CBF protection function setting list
Parameter
I_CBF
3I0_CBF
3I2_CBF
T_CBF1
Description
Phase current setting for circuit breaker
fail startup
Zero sequence current setting for
circuit breaker fail startup
Negative sequence current setting for
circuit breaker fail startup
Delay time setting for stage 1 of circuit
breaker fail startup
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.5In
0.05 100.0
0.2In
0.05 100.0
0.2In
0.05 100.0
0.00 32.00
0.1
0.05 32.00
0.2
0.10 32.00
Time setting for single phase to trip

T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
three phase for stage 1 of circuit

breaker fail
T_CBF2

Table 74 CBF protection binary setting list

Name
Description
Default
Func_CBF
Unit
Min.
Max.
Three pole trip by one pole failure

CBF 1P Trip 3P
for CBF protection enabled or

disabled
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2

CBF Chk CB Status
CBF Chk
BI_3Ph_CB_Close
114
zero- and negative-sequence

current checked by CBF protection
CB auxiliary contact checked for
CBF protection
Checking three phase CB close
status via binary input for CBF
protection

protection
1.5
Reports
Information
Description
CBF1 Trip
CBF2 Trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 76 Technical data for circuit breaker failure protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay of stage 1
0.00s to 32.00 s, step 0.01s
1% setting or +25 ms, at
Time delay of stage 2
0.00s to 32.00 s, step 0.01s
Reset ratio
>0.95
Reset time of stage 1
< 20ms
phase current
Negative sequence current
zero sequence current
115

protection
116
Chapter 14 Dead zone protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for dead
zone protection.
117
Dead zone protection
1.1
Introduction
The IED provides this protection function to protect dead zone, namely the
area between circuit breaker and CT in the case that CB is open. Therefore,
by occurrence of a fault in dead zone, the short circuit current is measured by
protection IED while CB auxiliary contacts indicate the CB is open.
1.2
1.2.1
This protection can be enabled or disabled by dedicated binary setting. If the
protection function is enabled, by operation of a protection function, and
subsequent CBF initiation by respective protection function, a programmed
timer runs toward a preset time delay limit. This time delay is set by user in
setting. If the fault current has not been disappeared after expiration of the
preset time limit even now the circuit breaker has been opened, the dead
zone protection would issue a trip command to isolate the fault by tripping
other surrounding backup circuit breakers (e.g. the other CBs connected to
the same bus section as the faulty CB).
When one bus side CT of feeder or transformer is applied, once a fault occurs
in the dead zone, the IED trips the relevant busbar zone. Tripping logic is
illustrated in Figure 32.
118
Trip
Bus
IFAULT
Line1
Line2
LineN
Legend:
Opened CB
Closed CB
Figure 32 Tripping logic when applying bus side CT
When one line side CT is applied and a fault occurs in the dead zone,
protection IED sends a transfer trip to remote end relay to isolate the fault.
Tripping logic is illustrated in Figure 33.
119
Inter trip
Bus
IFAULT
Line1
Line2
Trip
LineN
Relay
Legend:
Opened CB
Closed CB
Figure 33 Tripping logic when applying line side CT
When one transformer side CT is applied and a fault occurs in the dead zone,
protection relay trip the circuit breakers of the others transformer winding.
Tripping logic is illustrated in Figure 34.
120
trip
Bus1
IFAULT
Ln
L1
T1
Bus2
Bus3
Legend:
Opened CB
Closed CB
Figure 34 Tripping logic when applying transformer side CT
1.2.2
Logic diagram
121

PhA Init CBF
PhB Init CBF
OR
PhC Init CBF
3Ph Init CBF
CBF Curr. Crit.
A
CBF Curr. Crit.
B
CBF Curr. Crit.
C
OR
BI_PhA CB
Open
BI_PhB CB
Open
BI_PhC CB
Open
AND
T_Dead Zone
AND
Func_Dead Zone On
AND
BI_3Ph CB
Close
Figure 35 Logic diagram for dead zone protection logic
1.3

Relay Startup
IP1
Dead Zone Trip
IP2
IP3
PhA Init CBF
PhB Init CBF
PhC Init CBF
3Ph Init CBF
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
3Ph CB Close

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
122
Dead Zone Trip

Signal
Description
PhA Init CBF
PhaseA initiate CBF
PhB Init CBF
PhaseB initiate CBF
PhC Init CBF
PhaseC initiate CBF
3Ph Init CBF
Three phase initiate CBF
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
3Ph CB Close
Three phase CB Close

Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay startup
DeadZone_Trip
Dead Zone protection trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 80 Dead zone protection function setting list
Parameter
T_Dead Zone
Description
Time delay setting for dead zone
protection
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.00
32.00
Unit
Min.
Max.
Table 81 Dead zone protection binary setting list

Name
Func_Dead Zone
1.5
Description
Dead Zone protection operating
mode
Default
1
Reports
Information
Description
Dead Zone Trip
Dead zone trip
123

1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 83 Technical data for dead zone protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay
0.00s to 32.00s, step 0.01s

Reset ratio
124
>0.95
Chapter 15 STUB protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for STUB
protection.
125
STUB protection
1.1
Introduction
The VT is mostly installed at line side of transmission lines. Therefore, for the
cases that transmission line is taken out of service and the line disconnector
is opened, the distance protection will not be able to operate and must be
blocked.
The STUB protection protects the zone between the CTs and the open
disconnector. The STUB protection is enabled when the open position of the
disconnector is connected to IED binary input. The function supports one
definite stage which related concept is shown in Figure 36.
1.2
1.2.1
Busbar A
CT1-1
CB1
CT1-2
Stub fault
CT3-1
Feeder1
Disconnector1
CB3
CT3-2
CT2-2
Feeder2
Disconnector2
CB3
CT2-1
Busbar B
Figure 36 STUB fault at circuit breaker arrangement
If a short circuit current flows while the line disconnector is open, this implies
that a fault in the STUB range between the current transformers and the line
126

disconnector occurs. The circuit breakers CB1 and CB2 that carry the
short-circuit current can be tripped without delay time.
The STUB protection is an overcurrent protection which is only in service
when the state of the line disconnector indicates the open condition via a
binary input. The binary input must therefore be operated via an auxiliary
contact of the disconnector. In the case of a closed line disconnector, the
STUB protection is out of service. The STUB protection stage provides one
definite time overcurrent stage with settable delay time. This protection
function can be enabled or disabled via the binary setting.
1.2.2
Logic diagram
Ia(b,c)>I_STUB
T_STUB
Func_STUB
AND
Permanent trip
STUB Enable
Figure 37 Logic diagram for STUB protection
1.3

Relay Startup
IP1
IP2
STUB Trip
IP3
STUB Enable

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3

127

Signal
Description
STUB Enable
STUB Enable
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay Startup
STUB Trip
STUB Trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 87 Setting value list for STUB protection
Parameter
Description
I_STUB
Current setting of STUB protection
T_STUB
Time setting of STUB protection
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
1.2In
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
Min.
Max.
Table 88 Binary setting list for STUB protection

Name
Description
Func_STUB
STUB Init CBF
1.5
Default
STUB protection enabled or disabled
STUB protection initiate CBF protection
Reports
Information
Description
STUB Trip
STUB protection trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 90 Technical data for STUB protection
128
Unit

Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay
0.00s to 60.00s, step 0.01s

Reset ratio
>0.95
129
130
Chapter 16 Poles discordance

protection

protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data for poles
discordance protection.
131

protection
1.1
Introdcution
Under steady-state operating condition, all three poles of circuit breaker must
be closed or open at the same time. The phase separated operating circuit
breakers can be in different positions (close-open) due to electrical or
mechanical failures. This can cause negative and zero sequence currents
which gives thermal stress on rotating machines and can cause unwanted
operation of zero sequence or negative sequence current functions.
The pole discordance function operates based on information from auxiliary
contacts of the circuit breaker for the three phases with additional criteria from
unsymmetrical phase current.
1.2
1.2.1
The CB position signals are connected to IED via binary input in order to
monitor the CB state. Poles discordance condition is established when at
least one pole is closed and at the same time not all three poles are closed.
Additionally, the current criteria are processed. Pole discordance can be
detected when current is not flowing through all three poles, i.e. through only
one or two poles. When current is flowing through all three poles, all three
poles must be closed even if the breaker auxiliary contacts indicate a different
status.
1.2.2
132
Logic diagram

protection
PhA CB Open
AND
Ia > 0.06IN
PhB CB Open
AND
OR
Ib > 0.06IN
PhC CB Open
AND
AND
Ic > 0.06IN
5s
500ms
CB Err Blk PD
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
AND
PhC CB Open
PhA CB Open
AND
Ia < 0.06IN
PhB CB Open
AND
OR
Ib < 0.06IN
AND
Func_PD On
PD Trip
PhC CB Open
AND
Ic < 0.06IN
3I2 > 3I2_PD

OR
3I0 > 3I0_PD
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 ON
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 OFF
BI_AR In Progress 1
Figure 38 Logic diagram for poles discordance protection
1.3
133

protection
IP1
Relay Startup
IP2
PD Trip
IP3
IN
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
Signal for zero sequence current input

Signal
Description
PhA CB Open
PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open
PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open
PhaseC CB open
Signal
Description
Relay Startup
Relay startup
Trip 3Ph
Trip three phase
PD_Trip
Poles discordance protection trip
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 94 Function setting list for poles discordance protection
Parameter
3I0_PD
134
Description
Zero sequence current setting value for
PD protection
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.4In
0.05
100.0

protection
Parameter
Description
Negative sequence current setting value
3I2_PD
for PD protection
T_PD
Time setting value for PD protection
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.4In
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
Min.
Max.
Table 95 Binary setting list for poles discordance protection

Name
Description
Enable or disable poles discordance
Func_PD
protection
Enable or disable 3I0/3I2 checking
PD Chk 3I0/3I2
criteria
PD Init CBF
1.5
PD protection initiate CBF protection
Default
Unit
Reports
Information
Description
PD Trip
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 97 Technical data for poles discordance protection
Item
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Current
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir
Time delay
0.00s to 60.00s, step 0.01s

Reset ratio
>0.95
135

protection
136
Chapter 17 Synchro-check and

energizing check function

About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used in
synchro-check and energizing check function.
137

Synchro-check and energizing check

function
1.1
Introduction
The synchronism and voltage check function ensures that the stability of the
network is not endangered when switching a line onto a busbar. The voltage
of the feeder to be energized is compared to that of the busbar to check
conformances in terms of magnitude, phase angle and frequency within
certain tolerances.
The synchro-check function checks whether the voltages on both sides of the
circuit breaker are synchronizing, or at least one side is dead to ensure
closing can be done safely.
When comparing the two voltages, the synchro check uses the voltages from
busbar and outgoing feeder. If the voltage transformers for the protective
functions are connected to the outgoing feeder side, the reference voltage
has to be connected to a busbar voltage.
If the voltage transformers for the protective functions are connected to the
busbar side, the reference voltage has to be connected to a feeder voltage.
Note:
For synchro-check function properly operating, the reference voltage

(single phase voltage) must be phase to earth voltage.
The voltage phase for synchro-ckeck and energizing check can be

identified automatically by protection IED and not need be set.
1.2
Function principle
1.2.1
Synchro-check mode
The voltage difference, frequency difference and phase angle difference
values are measured in the IED and are available for the synchro-check
function for evaluation.
By any synchronization request, the synchronization conditions will be
138

checked continuously. If the line voltages and busbar voltages are larger than
the value of Umin_Syn and meet the synchronization conditions,
synchronized reclosing can be performed.
At the end of the dead time, synchronization request will be initiated and the
synchronization conditions are continuously checked to be met for a certain
time during maximal extended time T_MaxSynExt. By satisfying
synch-check condition in this period, the monitor timer will stop and close
command will be issued for AR.
Before releasing a close command at synchronization conditions, all of the
following conditions should be satisfied:
1.2.2
All three phases voltage U(a,b,c) should be above the setting value
Umin_Syn.
The reference voltage should be above the setting value Umin_Syn.
The voltage difference should be within the permissible deviation U_Syn

Diff
The angle difference should be within the permissible deviation

Angle_Syn Diff
The frequency difference should be within the permissible deviation

Freq_Syn Diff
Energizing check mode

In this mode of operation, the low voltage (dead) condition is checked
continuously whenever synchronization check is requested. If the line
voltages are less than Umax_Energ, reclosing can be performed. If the line
voltages and busbar voltages are all larger than Umin_Syn, the check mode
will automatically turn to full synchronization check mode.
In auto-recloser procedure, synchronization check request is triggered at the
end of the dead time. If the low voltage conditions are continuously met for a
certain numbers and during maximum extended time T_MaxSynExt, the
monitor timer will stop and close command will be issued for AR.
Before releasing a close command in low voltage conditions, one of the
following conditions need to be checked according to requirement:
139

1.2.3
Energizing check for dead line and live bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word AR_EnergChkDLLB is on
Energizing check for live line and live bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word AR_EnergChkLLDB is on
Energizing check for dead line and dead bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word AR_EnergChkDLDB is on
Override mode
In this mode, auto-reclosing will be released without any check.
1.2.4
140
Logic diagram

Ua(Ub,Uc) >Umin_Syn
U4>Umin_Syn
Anglediff<Angle_Syn Diff
AND
AND
T_Syn Check
Synchr-check
meet
Freqdiff<Freq_Syn Diff
Udiff<U_Syn Diff
AR_EnergChkDLLB on
T_MaxSynExt
Synchr-check fail
U4 <Umax_Energ
Ua(Ub,Uc) >Umin_Syn
AND
VT_Line off
AR_EnergChkLLDB on
U4>Umin_Syn
AND
Ua(Ub,Uc)
<Umax_Energ
OR
Energizing check meet
VT_Line off
AR_EnergChkDLDB on
U4<Umax_Energ
AND
Ua(Ub,Uc)
<Umax_Energ
AR_EnergChkDLLB on
U4 >Umin_Syn
Ua(Ub,Uc)
<Umax_Energ
AND
VT_Line on
AR_EnergChkLLDB on
U4<Umax_Energ
Ua(Ub,Uc)
>Umin_Syn
AND
VT_Line on
Figure 39 Logic diagram for synchro-check function
1.3
141

UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

Signal
Description
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 99 Synchro-check function setting list
Parameter
Angle_Syn Diff
U_Syn Diff
Freq_Syn Diff
T_Syn Check
T_MaxSynExt
Umin_Syn
Umax_Energ
Description
Angle difference for synchronization
check
Voltage difference for synchronization
check
Frequency difference for
synchronization check
Time for synchronization check
Maximum time for exiting
Minimum voltage for synchronization
check
Maximum voltage for Energizing
check
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
30
Degree
1.00
80.00
10
1.00
40.00
0.05
Hz
0.02
2.00
0.05
0.00
60.00
10
0.05
60.00
40
30.00
65.00
30
10.00
50.00
Min.
Max.
Table 100 Synchro-check binary setting list

Name
AR_Override
AR_EnergChkDLLB
142
Description
Override mode for AR enabled or
disabled
Dead line live bus of energizing
Default
Unit

Name
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
check for AR enabled or disabled

AR_EnergChkLLDB
AR_EnergChkDLDB

Dead line dead bus of energizing
Synchronization check for AR
AR_Syn check
1.5
Live line dead bus of energizing
enabled or disabled
Reports
Information
Description
Syn Request
Begin to synchronization check
AR_EnergChk OK
Energizing check OK
Syn Failure
Synchronization check timeout
Syn OK
Synchronization check OK
Syn Vdiff fail
Voltage difference for synchronization check fail
Syn Fdiff fail
Frequency difference for synchronization check fail
Syn Angdiff fail
Angle difference for synchronization check fail
EnergChk fail
Energizing check fail

Information
Description
SYN Voltage Err
Voltage abnormity for synchronization check
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 103 Synchro-check and voltage check technical data
Item
Operating mode
Rang or Value
Synchronization check:
Synch-check
Energizing check, and
Tolerance
143

synch-check if
energizing check failure
Override
Energizing check:
Dead V4 and dead V3Ph
Dead V4 and live V3Ph
Live V4 and dead V3Ph
Voltage threshold of dead line
10 to 50 V (phase to earth),
or bus
step 1 V
Voltage threshold of live line
30 to 65 V (phase to earth),
or bus
step 1 V
V-measurement
Voltage
difference
f-measurement
1 to 40 V (phase-to-earth),
3 % setting or 1 V
3 % setting or 1 V
1V
steps 1 V
(f2>f1;
0.02 to 2.00 Hz, step, 0.01
20 mHz
f2<f1)
Hz,
-measurement (2>1;
1 to 80 , step, 1
0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s,
1.5 % setting value or +60
2<1)
Minimum measuring time
ms
Maximum synch-check
extension time
144
0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s,
1 % setting value or +50

ms
Chapter 18 Auto-reclosing function
About this chapter

auto-reclosing function.
145
Auto- reclosing
1.1
Introduction
For restoration of the normal service after a fault, an auto-reclosing attempt is
mostly made for overhead lines. Experiences show that about 85% of faults
are transient and can disappear when an auto-reclosing attempt is performed.
This means that the line can be connected again; the reconnection is
accomplished after a dead time via the automatic reclosing system. If the fault
still exists after auto-reclosing, for example, arc has not been cleared, the
protection will re-trip the circuit breaker (hereinafter is referred as CB).
Auto-reclosing is only permitted on overhead lines because a short circuit arc
can be extinguished only in overhead lines and not cable feeders. Main
features of the auto-reclosing function (hereinafter is referred as AR) are as
following:
1.2
4 shots auto-reclosing (selectable)
Individually settable dead time for three phase and single phase fault and
for each zone
External AR initiation
Single/three phase AR operation
CB ready supervision
CB Aux. interrogation
Cooperation with internal synch-check function for reclosing command
Applicable for one and a half breaker arrangement
Function principle
The AR is able to cooperate with single-pole operated CB as well as
three-pole operated CB. The function provides up to 4 auto-reclosing shots
that can be determined by setting, Times_AR. Moreover, since the time
required for extinguishing short circuit arc is different for single or three phase
faults, the different dead time settings, T_1P ARn and T_3P ARn ( n
represents 1, 2, 3, or 4), AR have been provided to set single-pole tripping
dead time and three-pole tripping dead time of each shot separately.
1.2.1
146
Single-shot reclosing

When an external trip command initiates AR function, the reclosing program
is being executed. Dead time will be started by falling edge of the external
initiation signal. When dead time interval T_1P AR1 or T_3P AR1 has
elapsed, monitoring time T_MaxSynExt is started. During this period,
whenever synchronization condition is continuously met for T_Syn Check, a
closing pulse signal is issued. At the same time, reclaim time T_Reclaim is
started. If a new fault occurs before the reclaim time elapses, AR function is
blocked and cause final tripping of CB. However, if no fault occurs in reclaim
time, AR is reset and therefore will be ready for future reclosing attempts.
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of single shot reclosing scheme, is
illustrated in time sequence diagrams,
, and is described as following:
1)
After trip command issued, CB will be opened in a short time.
2)
The auto-reclosing is initiated when the current is cleared.
3)
After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1), elapses,
the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing conditions (e.g. synchro-check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied without any blocking reclosing
input.
4)
The AR pulse lasts for T_Action.
5)
At the moment that the closing signal is issued, reclaim timer T_Reclaim
is started. By the end of this period, T_Reclaim, If there is not fault
happening, auto-reclosing operation is successful and then the report,
AR Success, is issued.
6)
From the end of reclaim time, auto-reclosing function is blocked for the
AR reset time T AR reset.
7)
If another fault occurs after the time, T_AR Reset, elapses, the auto-reclosing is ready now, and then a new tripping-reclosing procedure is
started and performed in same way.
147
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open PosItion
AR Initiate
T_3P AR1
Synchro-check or
voltage check OK
T_Action
T_Action
Closing Command
T_Reclaim
T_Reset
Figure 40 Two transient three-phase faults, two tripping-reclosing procedures
1.2.2
Multi-shot reclosing
The first reclosing shot is, in principle, the same as the single-shot
auto-reclosing. If the first reclosing is unsuccessful, it doesnt result in a final
trip, if multi-shot reclosing is set to be performed. In this case, if a fault occurs
during reclaim time of the first reclosing shot, it would result in the start of the
next reclose shot with dead time T_1pAR1, T_1p AR2, T_1p AR3, T_1p
AR4, T_3P AR2, T_3P AR3 or T_3P AR4. This procedure can be
repeated until the whole reclosing shots which are set inside the device is
performed. Different dead times can be set to various shots of AR function.
This can be performed through settings T_1pAR1, T_1p AR2, T_1p AR3,
T_1p AR4, T_3p AR1, T_3p AR2, T_3p AR3, T_3p AR4. However, if
none of reclosing shots is successful, i.e. the fault doesnt disappear after the
last programmed shot, a final trip is issued, and reclosing attempts are
announced to be unsuccessful.
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of two shots reclosing scheme, is
illustrated in time sequence diagrams,
, and is described as following:
148
1)
After trip command issued, CB will be opened in a short time.
2)
The auto-reclosing is initiated when the current is cleared.

3)
After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1), elapses,
the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing conditions (e.g. synchro-check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied without any blocking reclosing
input.
4)
The AR pulse lasts for T_Action.
5)
At the moment that the closing signal is issued, reclaim timer T_Reclaim
is started.
6)
If the circuit breaker is closed on a fault during the period between the
dropout of closing command and the end of T_Reclaim, second tripping-reclosing procedure for second shot is started and performed like the
first tripping-reclosing procedure.
7)
In this way, following shots will be performed in sequence if applied.
8)
If none of the reclosing is successful, in other words, the fault is still

remained after the last shot reclosing, the final trip takes place, and the
result is AR Fail and AR should be blocked for AR reset time.
9)
If one of the preset reclosing shots is successful, meaning that, by the

end of this period, T_Reclaim, there is not fault happening again, the
report, AR Success, is issued.
10) From the end of reclaim time, auto-reclosing function is blocked for the
AR reset time T AR Reset.
11) If another fault occurs after the time, T_AR Reset, elapses, the auto-reclosing is ready now, and then a new multi shots tripping-reclosing
procedure is started and performed in same way.
149
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open PosItion
AR Initiate
T_3P AR1
Synchro-check or
voltage check OK
T_Action
T_Action
Closing Command
T_Reclaim
T_Reset
Figure 41 A permanent three-phase fault, two reclosing shots and final tripping
1.2.3
AR coordination between tie CB and side CB

When the AR function for side breaker is initiated, the protection IED will
issue the signal [WaitToSlave] to block the AR function for tie breaker. If the
AR for side breaker is successful, the signal [WaitToSlave] will dropout, and
the tie breaker will be reclosed immediately. If the AR for side breaker fails,
the AR for side breaker will send the signal AR_Fail and the signal
[WaitToSlave] will be kept during the time of the T_AR Reset. If the AR for
tie breaker receives the signal AR_Fail or the signal [WaitToSlave]
continuously for [T_WaitMaster], the AR for tie breaker will be blocked.
The following figure illustrates the key connection between AR for side CB
(CB 1 in figure) and tie CB (CB 3 in figure) for AR coordination.
150
Busbar A
BO: AR WaitToSlave
CT1-1
BO: AR Fail
CB1
CT1-2
Feeder 1
CT3-1
BI: MC/AR Block
BI: AR Wait
CB3
CT3-2
Feeder 2
CT2-1
CB2
CT2-2
Busbar B
Figure 42 Connection of AR for tie CB blocked by AR for side CB
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of single shot reclosing scheme for

coordination between side CB and tie CB of 3/2 breaker arrangement, is
illustrated in following two time sequence diagrams, and are described as
following:
The first diagram shows that:
1)
After trip command issued, side CB and tie CB are opened in a short
time.
2)
The auto-reclosing for side CB and for tie CB are initiated when the fault
current is cleared.
3)
At the moment of side CB initiation, the binary output, AR_Wait to Slave,

is transmitted to AR for tie CB as the binary input, AR_Wait. As soon as
the BI is received, the timer, T_WaitMater of AR for tie CB is started.
4)
The AR for tie CB can wait only and cannot issue the reclosing command,
until the binary input, AR_Wait dropout before the timer, T_WaitMater
of AR for tie CB elapses, even if the timer, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of
AR for tie CB has elapsed.
5)
After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of AR for
151

side CB, elapses, the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing
conditions (e.g. synchro- -check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied without
any blocking reclosing input. The side CB is reclosed.
152
6)
At the moment that the closing signal for side CB is issued, reclaim timer
T_Reclaim of AR for side CB is started.
7)
By the end of the period, T_Reclaim, if there is not fault happening,

auto-reclosing operation of side CB is successful. At the end of
T_Reclaim, the binary output, AR_Wait to Slave, of AR for side CB, is
dropped out. It means that, the binary input, AR_Wait of AR for tie CB is
dropped out.
8)
The AR for tie CB will do synchronization check or voltage check

according the setting, as soon as the BI, AR_Wait of AR for tie CB is
dropped out.
9)
If the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of AR for side
CB, has elapsed, the reclosing command is issued at once if all reclosing
any blocking reclosing input. The tie CB is reclosed.
Fault
Trip Command
Side CB Open PosItion
AR for side CB: AR Initiate
AR for side CB: T_3P AR1
AR for side CB: Synchro-check

or voltage check OK
T_Action
AR for side CB: Closing command
AR for side CB: T_Reclaim
BO of AR for side CB: Wait to Slave

BI of AR for tie CB: AR Wait
Tie CB Open PosItion
AR for tie CB: T_3P AR1
AR for tie CB: : T_WaitMaster
AR for tie CB: Synchro-check

or voltage check OK
T_Action
AR for tie CB: Closing command
AR for tie CB: T_Reclaim
Figure 43 A transient fault, single shot scheme, coordination between AR for tie
CB and AR for side CB
153

The second diagram shows that:
154
1)
After trip command issued, side CB and tie CB are opened in a short
time.
2)
The auto-reclosing for side CB and for tie CB are initiated when the fault
current is cleared.
3)
At the moment of side CB initiation, the binary output, AR_Wait to Slave,

is transmitted to AR for tie CB as the binary input, AR_Wait. As soon as
the BI is received, the timer, T_WaitMater of AR for tie CB is started.
4)
The AR for tie CB can wait only and cannot issue the reclosing command,
until the binary input, AR_Wait dropout before the timer, T_WaitMater
of AR for tie CB elapses, even if the timer, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of
AR for tie CB has elapsed.
5)
After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of AR for
side CB, elapses, the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing
any blocking reclosing input. The side CB is reclosed.
6)
At the moment that the closing signal for side CB is issued, reclaim timer
T_Reclaim of AR for side CB is started.
7)
During the reclaim timer T_Reclaim of AR for side CB, if the side CB is
reclosed on a permanent fault, the protection IED will trip the CB
instantaneously. At same time, the binary output, AR Failure is
transmitted to AR for tie CB as the binary input, MC/AR Block.
8)
The AR for tie CB is blocked. The tie CB will keep open.
Fault
Trip Command
Side CB Open PosItion
AR for side CB: AR Initiate
AR for side CB: T_3P AR1
AR for side CB: Synchrocheck or voltage check OK
T_Action
AR for side CB: Closing command
AR for side CB: T_Reclaim
BO of AR for side CB: Wait To Slave

BI of AR for tie CB: AR WAIT
BO of AR for side CB: AR Failure

BI of AR for tie CB: MC/AR Block
AR for side CB: T_Reset
Tie CB Open PosItion
AR for tie CB: AR Initiate
AR for tie CB: T_3P AR1
AR for tie CB: : T_WaitMaster
AR for tie CB: T_Reset
Figure 44 A permanent fault, single shot scheme, coordination between AR for

tie CB and AR for side CB
155

1.2.4
Auto-reclosing operation mode

For the IED, whether single-pole tripping operation or three-pole tripping
operation and whether AR is active or not is determined by following binary
settings and related binary inputs.
The relevant binary settings are described as following,
AR_1p mode
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function will be initiated by
single phase tripping condition as well as using the external single pole
binary input initiation. If the three-phase AR initiation binary input, 3Ph
Init AR, is active, the closing function will be blocked.
AR_3p mode
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function only operates for
three pole closing.
AR_1p(3p) mode
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function operates for both
single pole tripping as well as three pole tripping.
AR_Disable
By setting this binary setting to 1, auto-reclosing function will be off or
out of service.
Note: If any illegal setting has been done, AR FUNC Alarm is
reported.
Relay Trip 3pole

When AR is disabled, by setting this binary setting to 0, IED perform s
single- pole tripping at single phase fault and perform three-pole
tripping at multi-phase fault. Setting this binary setting to 1 will result in
three-pole tripping at any faults.
AR Final Trip
By setting this binary setting to 1, auto-reclosing function generates
a three pole trip command for an unsuccessful single pole reclosing.
In the AR_1P mode, after a single pole tripping, if auto- -reclosing
function is blocked suddenly during the dead time of a 1-pole reclosing
cycle, the circuit breaker will be kept in poles discordance state. To
avoiding this state, by binary setting AR Final Trip at 1, the IED will
issue a 3-pole trip command to open the rest of circuit breaker poles.
This binary setting is always used in the situation without pole
156

discordance protection applied.
1.2.5
Auto-reclosing initiation
AR can be initiated by external functions via four binary inputs:
PhA Init AR
External phase A tripping output initiates AR
PhB Init AR
External phase B tripping output initiates AR
PhC Init AR
External phase C tripping output initiates AR
3Ph Init AR
External three-phase tripping output initiates AR
1.2.6
Cooperating with external protection IED

The AR can cooperate with external protection IED. The AR can be initiated
or blocked by external protection IED via dedicated binary inputs.
Figure 45 shows the typical connect between AR binary inputs and external
protection IED binary outputs.
Protection
IED
BO-Trip PhA
BI-PhA Init AR
BO-Trip PhB
BI-PhB Init AR
BO-Trip PhC
BI-PhC Init AR
BO-Trip 3Ph
BI-3Ph Init AR
BO Relay Block AR
BI-MC/AR Block
On
Off
Protection
IED with AR
BI-AR OFF
Figure 45 Typical connection between two protection IEDs with/without AR
1.2.7
Auto-reclosing logic
Some important points regarded to auto-reclosing logic are described as
157

following:
In the case of blocking of auto-reclosing via MC/AR block, blocking will

be started by rising edge of MC/AR block and will be extended by
AR_Reset Time after falling edge of this binary input.
In the case of three phase reclosing with sychro-check requesting, dead

time can last for T_3P AR + T_MaxSynExt at most, from the
auto-reclosing initiation input end. In this condition, IED starts to check
synchronization conditions at the end of T_3P AR. Before the end of
period, T_MaxSynExt, if the synchronization conditions are
continuously met for the time,T_Syn Check at least, the close command
will be issued. After the end of period, T_MaxSynExt, if synchronization
conditions are still not continuously met, the report, AR Failure, will be
issued and the auto-reclosing function will be blocked for time, T_AR
Reset. The logic is illustrated in flowing time sequence diagram
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open PosItion
AR Initiate
T_3P AR1
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
Synchro-check or
voltage check OK
T_Syn Check
T_MaxSynExt
T_Action
Closing Command
T_Reclaim
T_Reset
Note:
T_Syn Check > t1, t2, t4, t5, t6;
T_Syn Check t3
Figure 46 A permanent three-phase fault, successful synchronizing for first

shot, fail synchronizing for second shot
158
Close command pulse lasts for T_Action at most. During this time, it
does not check synchronization conditions any longer. Before the end of
close command pulse, if any function tripping happen, the close
command is terminated.
Fault
Trip Command
CB Open Position
AR for CB: AR Initiate
AR for CB: T_3P AR1
AR for CB: Synchro-check or

voltage check OK
T_Action
AR for CB: Closing command
AR for CB: T_Reclaim
AR for CB: T_Reset
Figure 47 A permanent three-phase fault, single shot. unsuccessful reclosing
1.2.8
To prevent automatic reclosing during feeder dead status (CB Open), for
example, in the IED testing, AR is initiated at first shot only when the CB
has been closed for more than setting time, T_AR Reset.
AR blocked conditions
If binary input AR Off is present, auto-reclosing function will be out of

service
Whenever the binary input MC/AR Block is received, auto-reclosing

function will be blocked for setting T_AR Reset.
Whenever circuit breaker abnormal condition is detected, auto-reclosing

159

function will be blocked.
In order to avoid auto-reclosing in the case of CB faulty, for example, CB
spring charge faulty, a binary input, CB Faulty, is considered to receive
CB ready status. Therefore, after synchronization check condition meets,
the input CB Faultywill be checked. If it doesnt disappear before time
period T_CB Faulty finishing, auto-reclosing will be blocked for T_AR
Reset.
1.2.9
Logic diagram
BI_PhA Init AR 1-0

AND
A Phase no current
BI_PhB Init AR 1-0
AND
OR
B Phase no current
AND
Single phase Startup AR
BI_PhC Init AR 1-0

AND
C Phase no current
BI_PhA Init AR 1-0

BI_PhB Init AR 1-0
AND
3 Phase no current
BI_PhB Init AR 1-0
BI_PhC Init AR 1-0
AND
3 Phase no current
OR
3 phase Startup AR
BI_PhC Init AR 1-0

BI_PhA Init AR 1-0
AND
3 Phase no current
BI_3Ph Init AR 1-0

AND
3 Phase no current
Figure 48 Logic diagram 1 for auto-reclosing startup
Besides, auto-reclosing startup could also be triggered by circuit breaker

opening as following figure:
160

BI_PhA CB Open 0-1
AND
1P CBOpen Init AR on
BI_PhB CB Open 0-1

AND
AND
OR
Single phase Startup AR
BI_PhC CB Open 0-1

AND
BI_PhA CB Open 0-1

BI_PhB CB Open 0-1
AND
BI_PhB CB Open 0-1

BI_PhC CB Open 0-1
3 phase Startup AR
OR
AND
BI_PhC CB Open 0-1

BI_PhA CB Open 0-1
AND
Figure 49 Logic diagram 2 for auto-reclosing startup
AR_Chk3PVol =0
1)
AR_Chk3PVol =1
OR
AND
Ua(Ub,Uc) >Umin_Syn
AND
t
Note:
1) t = T_Syn Check
2) t = T_3P AR
3) t = T_MaxSynExt
Check 3Ph Voltage OK
3)
2)
t
Check 3 Ph failure
Figure 50 Logic diagram of Checking 3 phase voltage
161
Check 3Ph Voltage OK

AR_1p mode =1
AND
AR_1p(3p) mode =1
1)
OR
AND
Single phase initiate AR

OR
AR_1p mode = 1
AR_1p(3p) mode =1
OR
AND
3 phase initiate AR
2)
AND
NO check
Energizing check OK
3)
t
OR
Synchro-check OK
BI_MC/AR block: 0-1
AND
Backup protection tripping

Alarm: Relay fault
OR
AR Closing
BI_AR off: 0-1

AR_Disable =1
AND
OR
4)
BI_CB Faulty
Mode_3/2CB =1
5)
CB_Master =0
AND
BI_AR Wait: 0-1
Mode_3/2CB =0
OR
CB_Master =1
Mode_3/2CB =1
AR fail
AND
Relay Trip 3 pole =1
AND
AR_3p mode =1
Ph A Tripping: 0-1
OR
Ph B Tripping: 0-1
AND
Ph B Tripping: 0-1
OR
3 Ph Tripping: 0-1
Relay trip 3 Ph = 1
AND
AR_1p mode = 1
Note:
1) t = T_1P AR; 2) t = T_3P AR; 3) t = T_MaxSynExt; 4) t = T_CB Faulty; 5) t = T_WaitMaster
Figure 51 Logic diagram of auto-reclosing
162
AR Lockout

1.3

IP1
AR Close
IP2
AR Lockout
IP3
AR Not Ready
UP1
AR Final Trip
UP2
AR In Progress
UP3
AR Successful
UP4
PhA Init AR
AR Fail
AR WaitToSlave
PhB Init AR
PhC Init AR
3Ph Init AR
AR Wait
MC/AR Block
AR off
CB Faulty
PhA CB Open
PhB CB Open
PhC CB Open
3Ph CB Close
V1P MCB Fail

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
UP1
UP2
UP3
UP4

Signal
Description
AR Off
AR function off
MC/AR Block
AR block
PhA Init AR
PhaseA initiate AR
PhB Init AR
PhaseB initiate AR
PhC Init AR
PhaseC initiate AR
3Ph Init AR
Three phase initiate AR
AR Wait
AR Wait
163

CB Faulty
CB faulty
PhA CB Open
Phase A CB Open
PhB CB Open
Phase B CB Open
PhC CB Open
Phase C CB Open
3Ph CB Close
Three phase CB close
V1P MCB Fail
Single phase MCB VT fail

Signal
Description
AR Close
AR Close
AR Lockout
AR Lockout
AR Not Ready
AR Not Ready
AR Final Trip
AR Final Trip
AR In Progress
AR In Progress
AR Successful
AR Successful
AR Fail
AR Fail
AR for tie breaker blocked by AR for side
AR WaitToSlave
breaker
1.4
Setting parameters
1.4.1
Setting lists
Table 107 Auto-reclosing function setting list
Parameter
T_1P AR1
T_1P AR2
T_1P AR3
T_1P AR4
T_3P AR1
T_3P AR2
T_3P AR3
164
Description
Time delay setting 1 for single phase
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
Time delay setting 1 for three phase
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.6
0.05
10.00
0.7
0.05
10.00
0.8
0.05
10.00
0.9
0.05
10.00
1.1
0.05
60.00
1.2
0.05
60.00
1.3
0.05
60.00

T_3P AR4
T_Action
T_Reclaim
T_CB Faulty
Times_AR
T_Syn Check
T_MaxSynExt
T_AR Reset
T_WaitMaster
0.05
60.00
1.4
80
0.05
60.00
Time setting for spring charging
auto-reclosing number
60.00
4
60.00
auto-reclosing
pulse length setting for auto-reclosing
Time setting for successful auto-reclosing
determination
Time setting for synchronization check

time setting for exiting synchronization
check
Time setting for preparing for future
reclosing
Time setting for blocking AR of tie breaker
by AR of side breaker
80.00 500.0
0.05
0.50
1
0.00
10
0.05
60.00
0.50
60.00
20
0.01
60.00
Table 108 Auto-reclosing binary setting list

Abbr.
Min.
Max.
Final trip by AR
1P CBOpen Init AR
AR initiated by single phase CB open
3P CBOpen Init AR
AR initiated by three phase CB open
Mode_3/2CB
CB_Master
One and a half breaker arrangement
Side breaker or tie breaker
AR_1p mode
AR_3p mode
AR_1p(3p) mode
AR_Disable
AR_Override
Description
Single phase mode for auto-reclosing
function
Three phase mode for auto-reclosing
function
One and three phase mode for
auto-reclosing function
auto-reclosing function disabled
disabled
AR_EnergChkDLLB Checking dead line live bus for AR

AR_EnergChkLLDB Checking live line dead bus for AR
AR_EnergChkDLDB Checking dead line dead bus for AR
AR_Syn check
AR_Chk3PVol
AR Final Trip
1.5

enabled or disabled
Three phase voltage check for single
phase AR
Default
Unit
0
0
0
Reports
165

Information
Description
1st Reclose
First reclose
2nd Reclose
Second reclose
3rd Reclose
Third reclose
4th Reclose
Fourth reclose
1Ph Trip Init AR
Auto-reclose by one phase trip
1Ph CBO Init AR
Auto-reclose by one phase breaker opening
1Ph CBO Blk AR
Auto-reclose blocked by one phase breaker opening
3Ph Trip Init AR
Auto-reclose initiated by three phase trip
3Ph CBO Init AR
Auto-reclose initiated by three phase breaker opening
3Ph CBO Blk AR
Auto-reclose blocked by three phase trip
AR Block
Auto-reclose blocked
BI MC/AR BLOCK
Auto-reclose BI blocked
AR Success
Auto-reclose success
AR Final Trip
Final trip for auto-reclose
AR in progress
Auto-reclose is in progress
AR Failure
Auto-reclosing failed
Relay Reset
Relay reset
Information
Description
AR Mode Alarm
Auto-reclosing mode alarm
1.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 111 Technical data for auto-reclosing function
Item
Number of reclosing shots
Rang or Value
Tolerance
Up to 4
Shot 1 to 4 is individually
selectable
AR initiating functions
Internal protection functions

External binary input
Dead time, separated setting
166
0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
1 % setting value or +50

for shots 1 to 4
ms
Reclaim time
0.50 s to 60.00s, step 0.01 s
Blocking duration time (AR
0.05 s to 60.00s, step 0.01 s
reset time)
Circuit breaker ready
0.50 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
supervision time
Dead time extension for
0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
synch-check (Max. SYNT

EXT)
167
Chapter 19 Secondary system

supervision

supervision
About this chapter

secondary system supervision function.
168

supervision
Current circuit supervision
1.1
Open or short circuited current transformer cores can cause unwanted
operation of many protection functions such as, earth fault current and
negative sequence current functions.
It must be remembered that a blocking of protection functions at an occurring
open CT circuit will mean that the situation will remain and extremely high
voltages will stress the secondary circuit.
To prevent IED from wrong trip, interruptions in the secondary circuits of
current transformers is detected and reported by the device. When the
zero-sequence current is always larger than the setting value of 3I0_CT Fail
for 12s, CT Fail will be reported and each zone of zero-sequence current
protection will be blocked.
1.2

IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
CT Fail

Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
signal for zero sequence current input

Signal
Description
CT Fail
CT Fail
1.3
Setting parameters
169

supervision
1.3.1
Setting lists
Table 114 CT failure function setting list
Parameter
3I0_CT Fail
Description
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.2In
0.05
10.00
Maximum zero-sequence current of CT

fail to detect ct fail
Table 115 CT failure binary setting list

Abbr.
Explanation
CT fail function enabled or
Func_CT Fail
disabled
3I0 Calculated_CT Fail
1.4

CT for CT fail function
Reports
Information
Description
CT Fail
CT fail
170
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.

supervision
Fuse failure supervision
2.1
Introduction
In the event of a measured voltage failure due to a broken conductor or a
short circuit fault in the secondary circuit of voltage transformer, those
protection functions which are based on voltage criteria may be mistakenly
considered as a voltage of zero. VT failure supervision function is provided to
inform those functions about a voltage failure. VT supervision can be used to
monitor the voltage transformer circuit, single-phase VT failures, two-phase or
three-phase VT failures. Its main features are as:
2.2
Symmetrical/Asymmetrical VT fail detection
3-phase AC voltage MCB monitoring
1-phase AC voltage MCB monitoring
Applicable in solid, compensated or isolated networks
Function principle
VT failure supervision function can be enabled or disabled through binary
setting VT Fail. By applying setting 1 to the binary setting, VT failure
supervision function would monitor the voltage transformer circuit. As
mentioned, the function is able to detect single-phase broken, two-phase
broken or three-phase broken faults in secondary circuit of voltage
transformer, if a three-phase connection is applied.
There are three main criteria for VT failure detection; the first is dedicated to
detect three-phase broken faults. The second and third ones are to detect
single or two-phase broken faults in solid earthed and isolated/resistance
earthed systems, respectively. A precondition to meet these three criteria is
that IED should not be picked up and the calculated zero sequence and
negative sequence currents should be less than setting of 3I02_ VT Fail.
The criteria are as follows:
2.2.1
Three phases (symmetrical) VT Fail

The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 as well as maximum of three
phase-to-earth voltages is less than the setting of Upe_VT Fail and at the
same time, maximum of three phase currents is higher than setting of I_ VT
171

supervision
Fail. This condition may correspond to three phase broken fault in secondary
circuit of the voltage transformer if no startup element has been detected.
2.2.2
Single/two phases (asymmetrical) VT Fail

The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 is more than the setting of
Upe_VT Fail. This condition may correspond to single or two-phase broken
fault in secondary circuit of the voltage transformer, if the system starpoint is
solidly earthed and no startup element has been detected.
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 is more than the setting of
Upe_VT Fail, and at the same time, the difference between the maximum
and minimum phase-to-phase voltages is more than the setting of Upp_VT
Fail. This condition may correspond to single or two-phase broken fault in
secondary circuit of the voltage transformer, if the system starpoint is isolated
or resistance earthed and no startup element has been detected.
In addition to the mentioned conditions, IED has the capability to be informed
about the VT MCB failure through its binary inputs V3p MCB Fail and V1p
MCB Fail. In this context, VT fail is detected, if the respective digital input is
active.
2.2.3
Logic diagram
If VT failure supervision detects a failure in voltage transformer secondary
circuit, either by means of the above mentioned criteria or reception of a VT
MCB fail indication, all the protection functions, which are based on direction
component or low voltage criteria, will be blocked. Furthermore, Alarm report
VT fail is issued after 10s delay time. The blocking condition would be
removed if one of the following conditions is met within the 10 sec delay time
(previous to Alarm VT fail).
Without IED pickup, minimum phase voltage becomes more than setting of
Upe_VT Normal for 500ms.
Without IED pickup, minimum phase voltage becomes more than setting of
Upe_VT Normal and at the same time, the calculated zero sequence and
negative sequence current of corresponding side becomes more than the
setting of 3I02_ VT Fail.
Subsequent to VT fail alarm, the blocking condition of respective protection
functions would be removed if without IED pickup, the minimum phase
voltage becomes more than the setting of Upe_VT Normal for a duration
172

supervision
more than 10 sec.
Max(Ia,Ib,Ic)>I_ VT Fail
max{Ua,Ub,Uc}<
Upe_VT Fail
AND
3U0 < (Upe_VT Fail-1)

3U0 >=(Upe_VT Fail-1)
Solid earthed
Isolated
Max{Uab,Ubc,Uca}Min{Uab,Ubc,Uca}>
Upp_VT Fail
OR
AND
AND
OR
Relay Start up
BI MCB Fail
AND
VT Fail
block
OR
VT Fail
unblock
10S
Alarm
VT Fail
VT Fail block
min{Ua,Ub,Uc}>
Upe_VT Normal
AND
AND
500ms
Relay Start up
AND
3I0>3I02_VT Fail or
3I2>3I02_VT Fail
min{Ua,Ub,Uc}>
Upe_VT Normal
AND
AND
10S
Relay Start up
Figure 52 VT fail blocking/unblocking logic
2.3

IP1
VT Fail
IP2
IP3
IN
UP1
UP2
UP3
V3P MCB Fail
173

supervision
Signal
Description
IP1
IP2
IP3
IN
Signal for zero sequence current input
UP1
UP2
UP3

Signal
Description
V3P MCB Fail
Three phase MCB VT fail

Signal
Description
VT Fail
VT Fail
2.4
Setting parameters
2.4.1
Setting list
Table 120 Fuse failure supervision function setting list
Parameter
I_VT Fail
Description
Maximum current of VT fail to detect
VT fail
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.1In
0.05
1.00
0.1In
0.05
1.00
7.00
20.00
16
10.00
30.00
40
40.00
65.00
Maximum zero- and negative3I02_VT Fail
sequence current of VT fail to detect

VT fail
Upe_VT Fail
Upp_VT Fail
Maximum phase to earth voltage of

VT fail to detect VT fail
Maximum phase to phase voltage
of VT fail to detect VT fail
Minimum normal phase to earth
Upe_VT Normal
voltage of VT normal to detect VT

fail
Table 121 Fuse failure supervision function setting list

174

supervision
Abbr.
Explanation
VT Fail
Solid Earthed
2.5
Default
Unit
Min.
Max.
VT failure enabled or disabled
The system is solid earthed system
Reports
Information
Description
VT Fail
VT fail
V3P_MCB VT Fail
Three phase MCB VT fail
2.6
Technical data
NOTE:
Table 123 Technical data for VT secondary circuit supervision
Item
Range or value
Tolerances
Minimum current
0.08Ir to 0.20Ir, step 0.01A
Minimum zero or negative
0.08Ir to 0.20Ir, step 0.01A
7.0V to 20.0V, step 0.01V
3% setting or 1 V
10.0V to 30.0V, step 0.01V
3% setting or 1 V
40.0V to 65.0V, step 0.01V
3% setting or 1 V
sequence current
Maximum phase to earth
voltage
Maximum phase to phase
voltage
Normal phase to earth
voltage
175
Chapter 20 Monitoring
About this chapter

monitoring function.
176
Synchro-check reference voltage

supervision
If the automatic reclosing is set for synchronization check or energizing check,
during the automatic reclosing period, the synchronization condition of the
voltages between both sides of CB cannot be met, an alarm will be issued
after default time delay.
Check auxiliary contact of circuit

breaker
Current flowing through the transmission line and connected CB aux.
contacts are monitored in phase segregated. Therefore, the conflict condition
is reported as alarm. For example, If CB aux. contacts indicate that CB is
open in phase A and at the same time flowing current is measured in this
phase, related alarm is reported
177
Chapter 21 Station communication
About this chapter

This chapter describes the communication possibilities in a
SA-system.
178
Overview
Each IED is provided with a communication interface, enabling it to connect to
one or many substation level systems or equipment.
Following communication protocols are available:
IEC 61850-8-1 communication protocol
60870-5-103 communication protocol
The IED is able to connect to one or more substation level systems or

equipments simultaneously, through the communication ports with
communication protocols supported.
1.1
Protocol
1.1.1
IEC61850-8 communication protocol

IEC 61850-8-1 allows two or more intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from
one or several vendors to exchange information and to use it in the
performance of their functions and for correct co-operation.
GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event), which is a part of IEC
61850-8-1 standard, allows the IEDs to communicate state and control
information amongst themselves, using a publish-subscribe mechanism. That
is, upon detecting an event, the IED(s) use a multi-cast transmission to notify
those devices that have registered to receive the data. An IED can, by
publishing a GOOSE message, report its status. It can also request a control
action to be directed at any device in the network.
1.1.2
IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol

The IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol is mainly used when a
protection IED communicates with a third party control or monitoring system.
This system must have software that can interpret the IEC 60870-5-103
communication messages.
The IEC 60870-5-103 is an unbalanced (master-slave) protocol for coded-bit
serial communication exchanging information with a control system. In IEC
terminology a primary station is a master and a secondary station is a slave.
179

The communication is based on a point-to-point principle. The master must
have software that can interpret the IEC 60870-5-103 communication
messages. For detailed information about IEC 60870-5-103, refer to the
IEC60870 standard part 5: Transmission protocols, and to the section 103:
Companion standard for the informative interface of protection equipment.
1.2
Communication port
1.2.1

There is a serial RS232 port on the front plate of all the IEDs. Through this
port, the IED can be connected to the personal computer for setting, testing,
and configuration using the dedicated Sifang software tool.
1.2.2
RS485 communication ports

Up to 2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports are provided to
connect with substation automation system. These two ports can work in
parallel for IEC60870-5-103.
1.2.3
Ethernet communication ports

Up to 3 electrical or optical Ethernet communication ports are provided to
connect with substation automation system. These two out of three ports can
work in parallel for protocol, IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103.
1.3
Technical data
Item
Data
Number
Connection
Isolated, RS232; front panel,

9-pin subminiature connector, for software
tools
Communication speed
9600 baud
Max. length of communication cable
15 m
180

Item
Data
Number
0 to 2
Connection
2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
1.0 km
Test voltage
500 V AC against earth
For IEC 60870-5-103 protocol

Communication speed
Factory setting 9600 baud,

Min. 1200 baud, Max. 19200 baud
Ethernet communication port

Item
Data
Electrical communication port
Number
0 to 3
Connection
RJ45 connector
100m
For IEC 61850 protocol

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number
0 to 2
Connection
SC connector
Optical cable type
Multi-mode
2.0km
IEC 61850 protocol

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s
181

Item
Data
Mode
Pulse mode
IRIG-B signal format
IRIG-B000
Connection
2-wire connector
Voltage levels
182
differential input

1.4
Typical substation communication scheme

Server or
Work Station 1
Work Station 3
Server or
Work Station 2
Switch
Work Station 4
Net 1: IEC61850/IEC103,Ethernet Port A
Switch
Net 2: IEC61850/IEC103,Ethernet Port B
Switch
Switch
Switch
Gateway
or
converter
Switch
Gateway
or
converter
Net 4: IEC103, RS485 Port B

Net 3: IEC103, RS485 Port A
Figure 53 Connection example for multi-networks of station automation system
1.5
Typical time synchronizing scheme

All IEDs feature a permanently integrated electrical time synchronization port.
It can be used to feed timing telegrams in IRIG-B or pulse format into the
IEDs via time synchronization receivers. The IED can adapt the second or
minute pulse in the pulse mode automatically.
Meanwhile, SNTP network time synchronization can be applied.
Figure 54 illustrates the optional time synchronization modes.
183
SNTP
Ethernet port
IRIG-B
IRIG-B port
Pulse
Binary input
Figure 54 Time synchronizing modes
184
185
Chapter 22 Hardware
Chapter 22 Hardware
About this chapter

This chapter describes the IED hardware.
186
Chapter 22 Hardware
Introduction
1.1
IED structure
The enclosure for IED is 19 inches in width and 4U in height.
1.2
The equipment is flush mounting with panel cutout and cabinet.
Connection terminals to other system on the rear.
The front panel of equipment is aluminum alloy by founding in integer

and overturn downwards. LCD, LED and setting keys are mounted
on the panel. There is a serial interface on the panel suitable for
connecting a PC.
Draw-out modules for serviceability are fixed by lock component.
The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board.
Both the equipment and the other system can be combined through
the rear interfaces.
IED module arrangement
Test port
X10
PSM
For BIM and BOM
X9
X8
X7
X6
Ethernet ports
X5
X4
X3
COM
X1
AIM
Figure 55 Rear view of the protection IED
187
Chapter 22 Hardware
Local human-machine interface
2.1
Introduction
The HMI is simple and easy to be used for routine operation, the front
panel of the HMI consists of LCD, LED and keyboard. As shown in the
following picture, the setting, configuration, monitoring, maintenance and
fault analysis can be performed in HMI.
4
CSC-121
Figure 56 IED front plate with 8 LEDs
4
CSC-121
Figure 57 IED front plate with 20 LEDs
188
Chapter 22 Hardware
2.2
1.
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
2.
LEDs
3.
Shortcut function keys
4.
Arrow keys
5.
Reset key
6.
Quit key
7.
Set key
8.
RS232 communication port
Liquid crystal display (LCD)

The LCD back light of HMI is blue, 8 lines with up to 28 characteristics per
line can be displayed.
When operating keys or IED alarming or operating, the back light will turn
on automatically until the preset time delay elapse of latest operation or
alarm.
2.3
LED
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 8 LEDs.
Table 124 Definition of 8 LEDs
No
LED
Color
Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally
Run
Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation,
only the faulty function is out of service. Power supply
Alarm
Red
for tripping output is not blocked.

Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for
189
Chapter 22 Hardware
No
LED
Color
Description
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 20 LEDs.
Table 125 Definition of 20 LEDs
No
LED
Color
Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally
Run
Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation,
only the faulty function is out of service. Power supply
for tripping output is not blocked.
11
Alarm
Red
Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The other LEDs which are not described above can be configured.
2.4
Keyboard
The keyboard is used to monitor and operate IED. The keyboard has the
same look and feel in CSC family. As shown in Figure 56, keyboard is
divided into Arrow keys, Reset key, Quit key, Set key and shorcut function
keys. The specific instructions on the keys as the following table
described:
Table 126 HMI keys on the front of the IED
Key
Function
Up arrow key
Move up in menu
Page up between screens
Increase value in setting
Move down in menu
Page down between screens
Decrease value in setting
Down arrow key
Left arrow key
Move left in menu
Right arrow key
Move Right in menu
190
Chapter 22 Hardware
Key
Function
Reset key
Reset the LEDs
Return to normal scrolling display state directly
Enter main menu or submenu
Confirm the setting change
Back to previous menu
Cancel the current operation and back to previous menu
Return to scrolling display state
Lock or unlock current display in the scrolling display state (the
Set key
Quit key
lock state is indicated by a key type icon on the upright corner of

the LCD)
2.5
IED menu
2.5.1
Menu construction
191
Chapter 22 Hardware
AI
Status
Version
EquipCode
BI
Measure
EventRpt
AlarmRpt
StartRpt
Log
Set Time
Cur Time
Set Time
Contrast
TestEffect
Status
Reports
MainMenu
Settings
Setup
CommuPara
EquipPara
ProtSet
ProtContWd
SOE_Reset
Protocol
ModifyPW
103Type
SetPrint
Test BO
Testing
SimuReSig
SwSetGr
ViewDrift
AdjDrift
ViewScale
AdjScale
PrtSample
192
Chapter 22 Hardware
Table 127 Full name for the menu
Sub-menu
Status
Reports
Full name
Operation status
Reports search
Set time
Setting time
Contrast
LCD contrast
Settings
Setup
Test BO
Testing
2.5.2
Sub menu
Setting value
IED setting
Full name
AI
Analog input
Version
IED version
BI
Binary input
Status
Operation status
EquipCode
Equipment code
Measure
Measurement quantity
EventRpt
Event reports
AlarmRpt
Alarm reports
StartRpt
Startup Rpt
Log
Operation logging
Cur Time
Current time
Set Time
Set time
TestEffect
Test effect
CommuPara
Communication parameter
ProtSet
Protection setting
EquipPara
Equipment parameter
PortContwd
Protection binary setting
SOE_Reset
SOE reset selection
ModifyPW
Modify password
SetPrint
Setting the print
Protocol
Protocol selection
103Type
103 function type
SimuReSig
Simulation remote signalization
ViewDrift
View zero drift
ViewScale
View scale
PrtSample
Print sample value
SwSetGr
Switch setting group
AdjDrift
Adjust zero drift
AdjScale
Adjust scale
Test binary output
Testing operation
Operation status
Sub-sub
Sub-sub-sub
menu
menu
AI
Status
Sub-sub-sub menu
Explanation
Read the secondary analogure of the
selected CPU module
Version
Read the IED type, date and CPU version
BI
Read the current status of binary inputs,
193
Chapter 22 Hardware
Sub menu
Sub-sub
Sub-sub-sub
menu
menu
Explanation
Off or On
Status
Read the monitoring value of hardware,

Including:
EquipCode
Current temperature of IED
Voltage of binary input 1
Voltage of binary input 2
Voltage of binary output
Read the versions, released time and CSC

code of all modules
Measure
Read the analogure value and calculation

value
2.5.3
Sub
Reports search
Sub-sub menu
menu
Sub-sub-sub
Search the latest event report, press the Set
Latest Rpt
EventRpt
key to see the report

Search the latest six event reports, press the
Last 6 Rpts
Search
Set key to see the report

by
Date
AlarmRpt
Search

by
Date
Reports
key to see the report

Query the latest six event reports, press the
Last 6 Rpts
QueryRpt

by
Date
Search
Date
194
Set time
Query the reports by date

Search the latest six operation reports, press
Last 6 Rpts
Log
Search the reports by date

Query the latest event report, press the Set
Latest Rpt
StartRpt

Search the latest six alarm reports, press the
Last 6 Rpts
2.5.4
Explanation
menu
the Set key to see the report

by
Chapter 22 Hardware
Sub
Sub-sub menu
menu
Set time
2.5.5
Sub
2.5.6
Sub
Explanation
menu
Cur Time
Modify the time with arrow keys
Set Time
Contrast
Sub-sub menu
menu
Contrast
Sub-sub-sub
Sub-sub-sub
Explanation
menu
TestEffect
Modify the contrast with arrow keys
Settings
Sub-sub menu
menu
Sub-sub-sub
Explanation
menu
BayName
Enter into the line name
TimeMode
NetworkTimeMode
PulseTimeMode
IRIG-B TimeMode
EquipAddr
Settings
CommuPara
BaudR485
Selection with up or down buttons
Voltage
Reclose
Common
Current
CBF
EquipPara
PortContwd
2.5.7
IED setting
Sub
Sub-sub menu
menu
Sub-sub-sub
Explanation
menu
Manual Reset
SOE_Reset
Automatic
Reset
Setup
ModifyPW
The fatory password: 8888
103Type
IEC60870-5-103 code
Protocol
If communication with automation system

via RS485 port, this item can be ignored
195
Chapter 22 Hardware
2.5.8
Sub
Test binary output

Sub-sub menu
menu
Sub-sub-sub
Explanation
menu
Test BO
2.5.9
Sub
Testing operation
Sub-sub menu
menu
Sub-sub-sub
Explanation
menu
Simu Alarm
Simu Linker
TransRecData
SimuReSig
Simu Trip
Using or X to select the simulation point
Simu BI
Simu MST
Alarm
Testing
ViewDrift
ViewScale
PrtSample
SwSetGr
AdjDrift
AdjScale
196
Enter into the CPU number
Chapter 22 Hardware
Analog input module
3.1
Introduction
The AI module functions are to transform the secondary signals, from
voltage and current transformers in power system, into weak electric
signals, and perform isolation and anti-interference.
3.2
Terminals of analog input module

Terminals of Analogue Input Module B
b
b01
a01
b02
a02
b03
a03
b04
a04
b05
a05
b06
a06
b07
a07
b08
a08
b09
a09
b10
a10
b11
a11
b12
a12
Figure 58 Terminals arrangement of AIM B

Table 128 Description of terminals of AIM B
Terminal
Analogue
Remark
Input
a01
IA
b01
IA
a02
IB
Star point
Star point
197
Chapter 22 Hardware
b02
IB
a03
IC
b03
IC
a04
IN
b04
IN
a05
Null
b05
Null
a06
Null
b06
Null
a07
Null
b07
Null
a08
Null
b08
Null
a09
Null
b09
Null
a10
Null
b10
Null
a11
Null
b11
Null
a12
Null
b12
Null
Star point
Star point
Terminals of Analogue Input Module E
198
Chapter 22 Hardware
b
b01
a01
b02
a02
b03
a03
b04
a04
b05
a05
b06
a06
b07
a07
b08
a08
b09
a09
b10
a10
b11
a11
b12
a12
Figure 59 Terminals arrangement of AIM E

Table 129 Description of terminals of AIM E
Terminal
Analogue
Remark
Input
a01
IA
b01
IA
a02
IB
b02
IB
a03
IC
b03
IC
a04
IN
b04
IN
a05
I5
b05
I5
a06
Null
b06
Null
a07
Null
b07
Null
a08
Null
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
Star point
199
Chapter 22 Hardware
3.3
b08
Null
a09
Null
b09
Null
a10
U4
b10
U4
a11
UB
Star point
b11
UC
Star point
a12
UA
Star point
b12
UN
Star point
Technical data
Internal current transformer
Item
Rated current Ir
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Data
1 or 5 A
Nominal current range
0.05 Ir to 30 Ir
Nominal current range of
0.005 to 1 A
sensitive CT
Power consumption (per
0.1 VA at Ir = 1 A;
phase)
0.5 VA at Ir = 5 A
0.5 VA for sensitive CT
Thermal overload capability
IEC 60255-1
100 Ir for 1 s
IEC 60255-27
4 Ir continuous
Thermal overload capability for
IEC 60255-27
100 A for 1 s
sensitive CT
DL/T 478-2001
3 A continuous
Internal voltage transformer

Item
Rated voltage Vr (ph-ph)
Standard
IEC 60255-1
Nominal range (ph-e)
Data
100 V /110 V
0.4 V to 120 V
0.1 VA per phase
Power consumption at Vr = 110
IEC 60255-27
DL/T 478-2001
Thermal overload capability
IEC 60255-27
2 Vr, for 10s
(phase-neutral voltage)
DL/T 478-2001
1.5 Vr, continuous
200
Chapter 22 Hardware
Communication module
4.1
Introduction
The communication module performs communication between the internal
protection system and external equipments such as HMI, engineering
workstation, substation automation system, RTU, etc., to transmit remote
metering, remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data.
4.2
Terminals of Communication module

01
02
Ethernet port A
03
04
05
06
Ethernet port B
07
08
09
10
11
Ethernet port C
12
13
14
15
16
Figure 60 Terminals arrangement of COM

Table 130 Definition of terminals of COM
Terminal
Definition
01
Null
02
Null
03
Null
04
Null
05
Optional RS485 port - 2B
201
Chapter 22 Hardware
06
Optional RS485 port - 2A
07
Optional RS485 port - 1B
08
Optional RS485 port - 1A
09
10
Time synchronization GND
11
Null
12
Null
13
Null
14
Null
15
Null
16
Null
Ethernet
Optional optical fiber or RJ45
Port A
port for station automation

system
Ethernet
Port B

system
Ethernet
Port C

system
4.3
Substaion communication port
4.3.1

There is a serial RS232 port on the front plate of all the IEDs. Through
this port, the IED can be connected to the personal computer for setting,
testing, and configuration using the dedicated Sifang software tool.
4.3.2

Up to 2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports are provided to
connect with substation automation system. These two ports can work in
parallel for IEC60870-5-103.
4.3.3
202
Ethernet communication ports
Chapter 22 Hardware
Up to 3 electrical or optical Ethernet communication ports are provided to
connect with substation automation system. Two out of these three ports
can work in parallel for protocol, IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103.
4.3.4
Time synchronization port

All IEDs feature a permanently integrated electrical time synchronization
port. It can be used to feed timing telegrams in IRIG-B or pulse format
into the IEDs via time synchronization receivers. The IED can adapt the
second or minute pulse in the pulse mode automatically.
Meanwhile, SNTP network time synchronization can also be applied.
4.4
Technical data
Item
Data
Number
Connection
Isolated, RS232; front panel,

9-pin subminiature connector, for software
tools
Communication speed
9600 baud
15 m
RS485 communication port

Item
Data
Number
0 to 2
Connection
2-wire connector
1.0 km
Test voltage
500 V AC against earth

Communication speed
Factory setting 9600 baud,

Min. 1200 baud, Max. 19200 baud
Ethernet communication port

203
Chapter 22 Hardware
Item
Data
Electrical communication port
Number
0 to 3
Connection
RJ45 connector
100m
For IEC 61850 protocol

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number
0 to 2
Connection
SC connector
Optical cable type
Multi-mode
2.0km
IEC 61850 protocol

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s

Communication speed
100 Mbit/s
Item
Data
Mode
Pulse mode
IRIG-B signal format
IRIG-B000
Connection
2-wire connector
Voltage levels
204
differential input
Chapter 22 Hardware
Binary input module
5.1
Introduction
The binary input module is used to connect the input signals and alarm
signals such as the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB), etc.
5.2
Terminals of Binary Input Module

c
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
DC -
DC -
c32
a32
Figure 61 Terminals arrangement of BIM A

Table 131 Definition of terminals of BIM A
Terminal
Definition
Remark
a02
BI1
BI group 1
c02
BI2
BI group 2
a04
BI3
BI group 1
205
Chapter 22 Hardware
c04
BI4
BI group 2
a06
BI5
BI group 1
c06
BI6
BI group 2
a08
BI7
BI group 1
c08
BI8
BI group 2
a10
BI9
BI group 1
c10
BI10
BI group 2
a12
BI11
BI group 1
c12
BI12
BI group 2
a14
BI13
BI group 1
c14
BI14
BI group 2
a16
BI15
BI group 1
c16
BI16
BI group 2
a18
BI17
BI group 1
c18
BI18
BI group 2
a20
BI19
BI group 1
c20
BI20
BI group 2
a22
BI21
BI group 1
c22
BI22
BI group 2
a24
BI23
BI group 1
c24
BI24
BI group 2
a26
BI25
BI group 1
c26
BI26
BI group 2
a28
BI27
BI group 1
c28
BI28
BI group 2
a30
BI29
BI group 1
c30
BI30
BI group 2
Common
a32
DC - Input
terminal of BI
group 1
Common
c32
DC - Input
terminal of BI
group 2
5.3
206
Technical data
Chapter 22 Hardware
Item
Input voltage range
Standard
IEC60255-1
Data
110/125 V
220/250 V
Threshold1: guarantee
IEC60255-1
operation
Threshold2: uncertain
77V, for 110V/125V

IEC60255-1
operation
Response time/reset time
154V, for 220/250V
132V, for 220/250V
66V, for 110V/125V

IEC60255-1
Software provides de-bounce

time
Power consumption,
energized
IEC60255-1
Max. 0.5 W/input, 110V

Max. 1 W/input, 220V
207
Chapter 22 Hardware
Binary output module
6.1
Introduction
The binary output modules mainly provide tripping output contacts,
initiating output contacts and signaling output contacts. All the tripping
output relays have contacts with a high switching capacity and are blocked
by protection startup elements.
Each output relay can be configured to satisfy the demands of users.
6.2
Terminals of Binary Output Module

Binary Output Module A
The module provides 16 output relays for tripping or initiating, with total
16 contacts.
208
Chapter 22 Hardware
R
1
R
3
R
5
R
7
R
9
R
11
R
13
R
15
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
R
2
R
4
R
6
R
8
R
10
R
12
R
14
R
16
Figure 62 Terminals arrangement of BOM A
209
Chapter 22 Hardware
Table 132 Definition of terminals of BOM A
210
Terminal
Definition
Related relay
a02
Trip contact 1-0
Output relay 1
c02
Trip contact 1-1
Output relay 1
a04
Trip contact 2-0
Output relay 2
c04
Trip contact 2-1
Output relay 2
a06
Trip contact 3-0
Output relay 3
c06
Trip contact 3-1
Output relay 3
a08
Trip contact 4-0
Output relay 4
c08
Trip contact 4-1
Output relay 4
a10
Trip contact 5-0
Output relay 5
c10
Trip contact 5-1
Output relay 5
a12
Trip contact 6-0
Output relay 6
c12
Trip contact 6-1
Output relay 6
a14
Trip contact 7-0
Output relay 7
c14
Trip contact 7-1
Output relay 7
a16
Trip contact 8-0
Output relay 8
c16
Trip contact 8-1
Output relay 8
a18
Trip contact 9-0
Output relay 9
c18
Trip contact 9-1
Output relay 9
a20
Trip contact 10-0
Output relay 10
c20
Trip contact 10-1
Output relay 10
a22
Trip contact 11-0
Output relay 11
c22
Trip contact 11-1
Output relay 11
a24
Trip contact 12-0
Output relay 12
c24
Trip contact 12-1
Output relay 12
a26
Trip contact 13-0
Output relay 13
c26
Trip contact 13-1
Output relay 13
a28
Trip contact 14-0
Output relay 14
c28
Trip contact 14-1
Output relay 14
a30
Trip contact 15-0
Output relay 15
c30
Trip contact 15-1
Output relay 15
a32
Trip contact 16-0
Output relay 16
c32
Trip contact 16-1
Output relay 16
Chapter 22 Hardware
Binary Output Module C
The module provides 16 output relays for signal, with total 19 contacts.
R
4
R
5
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
6
R
7
c02
a02
c04
a04
c06
a06
c08
a08
c10
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
a20
c22
a22
c24
a24
c26
a26
c28
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
R
8
R
9
R
10
R
11
R
12
R
13
R
14
R
15
R
16
Figure 63 Terminals arrangement of BOM C
211
Chapter 22 Hardware
Table 133 Definition of terminals of BOM C
212
Terminal
Definition
Related relay
a02
Signal 1-0, Common terminal of signal contact group 1
c02
a04
Signal contact 1-1
Output relay 1
c04
Signal contact 2-1
Output relay 1
a06
Signal contact 1-2
Output relay 2
c06
Signal contact 2-2
Output relay 2
a08
Signal contact 1-3
Output relay 3
c08
Signal contact 2-3
Output relay 3
a10
c10
a12
Signal contact 3-1
Output relay 4
c12
Signal contact 4-1
Output relay 7
a14
Signal contact 3-2
Output relay 5
c14
Signal contact 4-2
Output relay 6
a16
Signal contact 5-0
Output relay 8
c16
Signal contact 5-1
Output relay 8
a18
Signal contact 6-0
Output relay 9
c18
Signal contact 6-1
Output relay 9
a20
Signal contact 7-0
Output relay 10
c20
Signal contact 7-1
Output relay 10
a22
Signal contact 8-0
Output relay 11
c22
Signal contact 8-1
Output relay 11
a24
Signal contact 9-0
Output relay 12
c24
Signal contact 9-1
Output relay 12
a26
Signal contact 10-0
Output relay 13
c26
Signal contact 10-1
Output relay 13
a28
Signal contact 11-0
Output relay 14
c28
Signal contact 11-1
Output relay 14
a30
Signal contact 12-0
Output relay 15
c30
Signal contact 12-1
Output relay 15
a32
Signal contact 13-0
Output relay 16
c32
Signal contact 13-1
Output relay 16
Chapter 22 Hardware
6.3
Technical data
Item
Standard
Data
Max. system voltage
IEC60255-1
250V
/~
Current carrying capacity
IEC60255-1
5 A continuous,
30A200ms ON, 15s OFF
Making capacity
IEC60255-1
1100 W(
) at inductive load
with L/R>40 ms
1000 VA(AC)
Breaking capacity
Mechanical endurance,
IEC60255-1
IEC60255-1
Unloaded
220V
, 0.15A, at L/R40 ms
110V
, 0.30A, at L/R40 ms
50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz
switching frequency)
Mechanical endurance, making
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
Mechanical endurance,
IEC60255-1
1000 cycles
IEC60255-1
UL/CSATV
breaking
Specification state verification
IEC60255-23
IEC61810-1
Contact circuit resistance
IEC60255-1
measurement
IEC60255-23
30m
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test
IEC60255-1
(AC Dielectric strength)
IEC60255-27
Maximum temperature of parts
IEC60255-1
AC1000V 1min
55
and materials
213
Chapter 22 Hardware
Power supply module
7.1
Introduction
The power supply module is used to provide the correct internal voltages and
full isolation between the terminal and the battery system.
7.2
Terminals of Power Supply Module

c
c02
c04
a
DC 24V +
OUTPUTS
a08
c08
DC 24V OUTPUTS
a10
c12
a12
c14
a14
c16
a16
c18
a18
c20
c22
AUX.DC +
INPUT
c24
c26
c28
a20
a22
a24
AUX. DC INPUT
a26
a28
c30
a30
c32
a32
Figure 64 Terminals arrangement of PSM
214
a04
a06
c06
c10
a02
Chapter 22 Hardware
Table 134 Definition of terminals of PSM
Terminal
Definition
a02
AUX.DC 24V+ output 1
c02
a04
c04
a06
Isolated terminal, not wired
c06
a08
AUX.DC 24V- output 1
c08
a10
c10
a12
c12
a14
Alarm contact A1, for

AUX.DC power input failure
c14
Alarm contact A0, for

a16
Alarm contact B1, for

c16
Alarm contact B0, for

a18
c18
a20
AUX. power input 1, DC +
c20
a22
c22
a24
c24
a26
AUX. power input 1, DC -
c26
a28
c28
a30
215
Chapter 22 Hardware
7.3
c30
a32
Terminal for earthing
c32
Terminal for earthing
Technical data
Item
Standard
Data
Rated auxiliary voltage Uaux
IEC60255-1
110 to 250V
Permissible tolerance
IEC60255-1
%20 Uaux
Power consumption at
IEC60255-1
50 W per power supply
quiescent state
Power consumption at
module
IEC60255-1
maximum load
Inrush Current
60 W per power supply

module
IEC60255-1
T 10 ms/I 25 A per power

supply module,
216
Chapter 22 Hardware
Techinical data
8.1
Type tests
8.1.1
Product safety-related tests

Item
Standard
Data
Over voltage category
IEC60255-27
Category III
Pollution degree
IEC60255-27
Degree 2
Insulation
IEC60255-27
Basic insulation
Degree of protection (IP)
IEC60255-27
Front plate: IP40
IEC 60529
Rear, side, top and bottom: IP

30
Power frequency high voltage
IEC 60255-5
2KV, 50Hz
withstand test
EN 60255-5
2.8kV
ANSI C37.90
between the following circuits:
GB/T 15145-2001
auxiliary power supply
DL/T 478-2001
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
case earth
500V, 50Hz
between the following circuits:
Communication ports to
case earth
time synchronization
terminals to case earth
Impulse voltage test
IEC60255-5
5kV (1.2/50s, 0.5J)
IEC 60255-27
If Ui63V
EN 60255-5
1kV if Ui<63V
ANSI C37.90
Tested between the following
GB/T 15145-2001
circuits:
DL/T 478-2001

CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
case earth
Note: Ui: Rated voltage
217
Chapter 22 Hardware
Item
Insulation resistance
Standard
Data
100 M at 500 V
IEC60255-5
IEC 60255-27
EN 60255-5
ANSI C37.90
GB/T 15145-2001
DL/T 478-2001
Protective bonding resistance
IEC60255-27
0.1
Fire withstand/flammability
IEC60255-27
Class V2
8.1.2
Electromagnetic immunity tests

Item
1 MHz burst immunity test
Standard
Data
IEC60255-22-1
Class III
IEC60255-26
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
IEC61000-4-18
Tested on the following circuits:
EN 60255-22-1
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
communication ports
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 60255-22-2
Level 4
IEC 61000-4-2
8 kV contact discharge;
EN 60255-22-2
15 kV air gap discharge;

both polarities; 150 pF; Ri = 330
Radiated electromagnetic field
IEC 60255-22-3
Frequency sweep:
disturbance test
EN 60255-22-3
80 MHz 1 GHz; 1.4 GHz 2.7 GHz

spot frequencies:
80 MHz; 160 MHz; 380 MHz;
450 MHz; 900 MHz; 1850 MHz;
2150 MHz
10 V/m
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
Radiated electromagnetic field
IEC 60255-22-3
Pulse-modulated
disturbance test
EN 60255-22-3
10 V/m, 900 MHz; repetition rate

200 Hz, on duration 50 %
218
Chapter 22 Hardware
Item
Standard
Data
Electric fast transient/burst
IEC 60255-22-4,
Class A, 4KV
immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4
EN 60255-22-4
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
Class A, 1KV
communication ports
Surge immunity test
IEC 60255-22-5
4.0kV L-E
IEC 61000-4-5
2.0kV L-L
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
500V L-E
communication ports
Conduct immunity test
IEC 60255-22-6
Frequency sweep: 150 kHz 80
IEC 61000-4-6
MHz
spot frequencies: 27 MHz and
68 MHz
10 V
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
Power frequency immunity test
IEC60255-22-7
Class A
300 V CM
150 V DM
Power frequency magnetic field
IEC 61000-4-8
test
100 kHz burst immunity test
Level 4
30 A/m cont. / 300 A/m 1 s to 3 s
IEC61000-4-18
2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
CT / VT inputs
binary inputs
binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
communication ports
219
Chapter 22 Hardware
8.1.3
DC voltage interruption test

Item
DC voltage dips
Standard
IEC 60255-11
Data
100% reduction 20 ms
DC voltage interruptions
IEC 60255-11
100% reduction 5 s
DC voltage ripple
IEC 60255-11
15%, twice rated frequency
DC voltage gradual shutdown
IEC 60255-11
60 s shut down ramp
/start-up
5 min power off

60 s start-up ramp
DC voltage reverse polarity
8.1.4
IEC 60255-11
1 min
Electromagnetic emission test

Item
Radiated emission
Standard
Data
IEC60255-25
30MHz to 1GHz ( IT device may
EN60255-25
up to 5 GHz)
CISPR22
Conducted emission
IEC60255-25
0.15MHz to 30MHz
EN60255-25
CISPR22
8.1.5
Mechanical tests
Item
Standard
Data
Sinusoidal Vibration response
IEC60255-21-1
Class 1
test
EN 60255-21-1
10 Hz to 60 Hz: 0.075 mm
60 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay energized
Sinusoidal Vibration
IEC60255-21-1
Class 1
endurance test
EN 60255-21-1
10 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
20 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay non-energized
Shock response test
220
IEC60255-21-2
Class 1
EN 60255-21-2
5 g, 11 ms duration
Chapter 22 Hardware
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay energized
Shock withstand test
IEC60255-21-2
Class 1
EN 60255-21-2
15 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay non-energized
Bump test
IEC60255-21-2
Class 1
10 g, 16 ms duration
1000 shocks in both directions of
3 axes
Relay non-energized
Seismic test
IEC60255-21-3
Class 1
X-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 7.5 mm
X-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :2 g
Y-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 3.75 mm
Y-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis,
Relay energized
8.1.6
Climatic tests
Item
Cold test - Operation
Standard
IEC60255-27
Data
-10C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-1
Cold test Storage
IEC60255-27
-25C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-1
Dry heat test Operation
[IEC60255-27
+55C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-2
Dry heat test Storage
IEC60255-27
+70C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-2
Change of temperature
Damp heat static test
Damp heat cyclic test
IEC60255-27
Test Nb, figure 2, 5 cycles
IEC60068-2-14
-10C / +55C
IEC60255-27
+40C, 93% r.h. 10 days, rated
IEC60068-2-78
load
IEC60255-27
+55C, 93% r.h. 6 cycles, rated
IEC60068-2-30
load
221
Chapter 22 Hardware
8.2
CE Certificate
Item
EN 61000-6-2 and EN61000-6-4 (EMC
EMC Directive
Council Directive 2004/108/EC)
Low voltage directive
8.3
Data
EN 60255-27 (Low-voltage directive 2006/95

EC).
IED design
Item
Data
Case size
4U19inch
Weight
10kg
222
Chapter 22 Hardware
223
Chapter 23 Appendix
Chapter 23 Appendix
About this chapter

This chapter describes the appendix.
224
Chapter 23 Appendix
General setting list
1.1
Function setting list
No
Parameter
Description
U_Primary
Primary rated voltage
U_Secondary
CT_Primary
CT_Secondary
3I0_Primary
3I0_Secondary
Min.
Max.
kV
100.0
800.0
Secondary rated voltage
100.0
120.0
Primary rated current
kA
0.05
5.00
Secondary rated current
1.00
5.00
Primary zero sequence rated current
kA
0.05
5.00
1.00
5.00
I5_Primary
Primary I5 current
kA
0.05
5.00
I5_Secondary
Secondary I5 current
1.00
5.00
T_Relay Reset
Time delay for startup element to reset
0.50
10.00
10
I_VT Fail
0.05
1.00
0.05
1.00
7.00
20.00
10.00
30.00
40.00
65.00
0.05
10.00
Secondary zero sequence rated

current
Maximum current of VT fail to detect

VT fail
Unit
Maximum zero- and negative11
3I02_VT Fail
sequence current of VT fail to detect

VT fail
Maximum phase to earth voltage of VT
12
Upe_VT Fail
13
Upp_VT Fail
14
Upe_VT Normal
15
3I0_CT Fail
16
I_OL Alarm
Current setting for overload alarming
0.05
100.0
17
T_OL Alarm
Time setting for overload alarming
0.10
6000.
18
I_OC1
0.05
100.0
19
T_OC1
0.00
60.00
20
I_OC2
0.05
100.0
21
T_OC2
Delay time of overcurrent stage 2
0.00
60.00
22
Curve_OC Inv
Inverse time curve of overcurrent
12
23
I_OC Inv
0.05
100.0
24
K_OC Inv
0.05
999.0
25
A_OC Inv
0.005
200.0
fail to detect VT fail

Maximum phase to phase voltage of
VT fail to detect VT fail
Minimum normal phase to earth
voltage of VT normal to detect VT fail
Maximum zero-sequence current of ct
fail to detect CT fail
Phase current setting of overcurrent

stage 1
Delay time of overcurrent stage 1
Phase current setting of overcurrent
stage 2
Phase current setting for inverse time

overcurrent
Time multiplier setting for inverse time

overcurrent
Coefficient setting for inverse time
225
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Parameter
Description
Unit
Min.
Max.
overcurrent
26
B_OC Inv
27
P_OC Inv
28
Angle_OC
29
Ratio_I2/I1
30
Imax_2H_UnBlk
31
T2h_Cross_Blk
32
3I0_EF1
33
T_EF1
34
3I0_EF2
35
T_EF2
36
Curve_EF Inv
37
3I0_EF Inv
38
K_EF Inv
39
A_EF Inv
40
B_EF Inv
41
P_EF Inv
42
Angle_EF
43
Angle_Neg
44
Ratio_I2/I1
45
Imax_2H_UnBlk
46
Ratio_I02/I01
Time delay setting for inverse time

overcurrent
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
0.00
90.00
0.07
0.50
0.10
100.0
0.00
60.00
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100.0
0.05
999.0
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
0.00
90.00
0.00
90.00
0.07
0.50
0.10
100.0
0.07
0.50
0.10
100.0
0.05
100.0
Index for inverse time overcurrent

Directional sensitive angle for
overcurrent
Second harmonic wave ratio
The maximum current setting for the
second harmonic unblock
Delay time for the second harmonic
cross block
First stage zero-sequence current
Delay time for first stage
Second stage zero-sequence current
Delay time for second stage
Inverse time curve of zero-sequence
current
Current setting for zero-sequence
Time multiplier setting for

zero-sequence inverse time current
Coefficient setting for zero-sequence
Time delay setting for zero-sequence
Index for zero-sequence inverse time
current
Sensitive angle for zero-sequence
direction
Sensitive angle for negative-sequence
direction
Second harmonic wave ratio
The maximum current setting for the
second harmonic unblock
Second zero sequence harmonic

wave ratio
The maximum zero sequence current
47
3I0max_2H_UnBlk
setting for the second harmonic

unblock
48
226
3I0_NOC1
First stage neutral current
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Parameter
49
T_NOC1
50
3I0_NOC2
51
T_NOC2
52
Curve_NOC Inv
53
3I0_NOC Inv
54
K_NOC Inv
55
A_NOC Inv
56
B_NOC Inv
57
P_NOC Inv
58
Angle_NOC
59
Ratio_I02/I01
Description
Delay time for first stage neutral
Unit
Min.
Max.
0.00
60.00
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100.0
0.05
999.0
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
Index for neutral inverse time current
0.005
10.00
Sensitive angle for neutral direction
0.00
90.00
0.07
0.50
0.10
100.0
0.005
1.00
0.00
60.00
0.005
1.00
0.00
60.00
12
0.00
1.00
0.05
999.0
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
0.00
90.00
current
Second stage neutral current
Delay time for second stage neutral
current
Inverse time curve of neutral current
Current setting for neutral inverse time
current
Time multiplier setting for neutral

Coefficient setting for neutral inverse
time current
Time delay setting for neutral inverse
time current
Second zero sequence harmonic

wave ratio
The maximum zero sequence current
60
3I0max_2H_UnBlk
setting for the second harmonic

unblock
61
I_SEF1
62
T_SEF1
63
I_SEF2
64
T_SEF2
65
Curve_SEF Inv
66
I_SEF Inv
67
K_SEF Inv
68
A_SEF Inv
69
B_SEF Inv
70
P_SEF Inv
71
Angle_SEF
First stage sensitive zero-sequence

current
Delay time for first stage sensitive
Second stage sensitive zero-sequence
current
Delay time for second stage sensitive
Inverse time curve of sensitive
Current setting for sensitive
Time multiplier setting for sensitive

Coefficient setting for sensitive
Time delay setting for sensitive
Index for zero-sequence sensitive
Sensitive angle for sensitive zero
227
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Parameter
Description
Unit
Min.
Max.
sequence direction
Sensitive angle for sensitive zero
72
IsCOS_SEF
73
U_SEF
74
3I2_NSOC1
75
T_NSOC1
76
3I2_NSOC2
77
T_NSOC2
78
Curve_NSOC Inv
79
3I2_NSOC Inv
80
K_NSOC Inv
81
A_NSOC Inv
82
B_NSOC Inv
83
P_NSOC Inv
84
I_STUB
Current setting for STUB protection
85
T_STUB
Time setting for STUB protection
86
I_Thermal OL Trip
87
I_Thermal OL Alarm
88
T_Const Thermal
89
T_Const Cool Down
90
U_3V01
91
T_3V01
92
U_3V02
93
T_3V02
94
U_OV1
228
0.005
1.00
Voltage setting for SEF
2.00
100.0
First stage negative sequence current
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
12
0.05
100.0
0.05
999.0
0.005
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.005
10.00
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
0.10
25.00
0.10
25.00
1.00
9999.
1.00
9999.
2.00
100.0
0.00
60.00
2.00
100.0
0.00
60.00
40.00
200.0
sequence direction based on Cos
Delay time for first stage negative

sequence current
Second stage negative sequence
current
Delay time for second stage negative
sequence current
Inverse time curve of negative
sequence current
Current setting for negative sequence
Time multiplier setting for negative

sequence inverse time current
Coefficient setting for negative
Time delay setting for negative
Index for negative sequence inverse
time current
Current setting for thermal overload

protection tripping
Current setting for thermal overload
protection alarming
Time constant for thermal overload
protection
Time constant for cool down
First stage voltage setting for
displacement voltage protection
First stage time setting for
Second stage voltage setting for
Second stage time setting for
Voltage setting for first stage
overvoltage protection
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Parameter
95
T_OV1
96
U_OV2
97
T_OV2
98
Dropout_OV
99
U_UV1
100
T_UV1
101
U_UV2
102
T_UV2
103
Dropout_UV
104
I_UV Chk
105
I_CBF
106
3I0_CBF
107
3I2_CBF
108
T_CBF1
109
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P
110
T_CBF2
111
3I0_PD
112
3I2_PD
113
T_PD
114
T_Dead Zone
115
T_1P AR1
116
T_1P AR2
Description
Time delay setting for first stage
Voltage setting for second stage
Time delay setting for second stage
Unit
0.00
60.00
40.00
200.0
0.00
60.00
0.90
0.99
5.00
150.0
0.00
120.0
5.00
150.0
0.00
120.0
1.01
2.00
0.05
10.00
0.05
100.0
0.05
100.0
0.05
100.0
0.00
32.00
0.05
32.00
0.10
32.00
0.05
100.0
0.05
100.0
0.00
60.00
0.00
32.00
0.05
10.00
0.05
10.00
protection
Time delay setting for first stage
Voltage setting for second stage
Time delay setting for second stage
Dropout coefficient for undervoltage
protection
Current setting for undervoltage check
Phase current setting for circuit
circuit breaker fail protection
circuit breaker fail protection
breaker fail protection
Prolonged three trip
Time for stage 1 of circuit breaker fail
breaker fail protection
three pole discordance
three pole discordance
Time delay setting for three pole
discordance
Time delay setting for dead zone
protection
auto-reclosing
Max.
Dropout coefficient for overvoltage

Voltage setting for first stage
Min.
229
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Parameter
Description
Unit
Min.
Max.
auto-reclosing
117
T_1P AR3
118
T_1P AR4
119
T_3P AR1
120
T_3P AR2
121
T_3P AR3
122
T_3P AR4
123
Angle_Syn Diff
124
U_Syn Diff
125
Freq_Syn Diff
126
T_Action
127
T_Reclaim
128
T_CB Faulty
129
Times_AR
130
T_Syn Check
Time setting for synchronization check
131
T_MaxSynExt
Time setting for exiting AR checking
132
T_AR Reset
133
Umin_Syn
134
Umax_Energ
135
T_WaitMaster
1.2
0.05
10.00
0.05
10.00
0.05
60.00
0.05
60.00
0.05
60.00
0.05
60.00
1.00
80.00
1.00
40.00
Hz
0.02
2.00
ms
80.00
500.0
0.05
60.00
0.50
60.00
0.00
60.00
0.05
60.00
0.50
60.00
30.00
65.00
Maximum voltage for Energizing check
10.00
50.00
Time setting for Master waitting
0.01
60.00
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
auto-reclosing
Angle difference setting for
Voltage difference setting for
Frequency difference setting for
Pulse length setting for auto-reclosing
Time setting for successful
auto-reclosing determination
Time setting for spring charging
auto-reclosing number
Time setting for preparing for future

reclosing
Minimu voltage setting for
Binary setting list
No
Setting
VT_Line
Description
VT installed at line side or source
side
Unit
Min.
Max.
Enable or disable the function of

2
BI SetGrp Switch
switch the setting group by binary

input
230
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
Description
Enable or disable the test mode
Unit
Min.
Max.
Relay Test Mode
Blk Remote Access
I5 for SEF
I5 is used as SEF function or other
Func_VT Fail
VT fail function enabled or disabled
Solid Earth
Solid earth or not
Func_CT Fail
CT fail function enabled or disabled
3I0 Calculated_CT Fail
10
Func_OL
11
Func_OC1
12
OC1 Direction
Blocking remote access function

enabled or disabled
3I0 is calculated or measured for

CT fail function
Enable or disable the overload
function
disabled
enabled or disabled
Point to system or point to
13
OC1 Dir To Sys
equipment is defined as forward

direction for stage 1
14
OC1 Inrush Block
15
Func_OC2
16
OC2 Direction
Inrush restraint for overcurrent

disabled
enabled or disabled
17
OC2 Dir To Sys

18
OC2 Inrush Block
19
Func_OC Inv
20
OC Inv Direction
Inrush restraint for overcurrent

Inverse time stage for overcurrent
enabled or disabled
enabled or disabled
21
OC Inv Dir To Sys

direction for inverse time stage
22
OC Inv Inrush Block
23
Blk OC at VT Fail
24
OC Init CBF
Inrush restraint for inverse time

stage enabled or disabled
VT failure block overcurrent
Overcurrent protection initiate CBF
231
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
Description
Unit
Min.
Max.

25
Func_EF1
26
EF1 Direction

disabled
enabled or disabled
27
EF1 Dir To Sys

28
EF1 Inrush Block
29
Func_EF2
30
EF2 Direction
Inrush restraint for earth fault stage

1 enabled or disabled
disabled
enabled or disabled
31
EF2 Dir To Sys

Inrush restraint for earth fault
32
EF2 Inrush Block

disabled
33
Func_EF Inv
34
EF Inv Direction
Inverse time stage for earth fault

enabled or disabled
35
EF Inv Dir To Sys

36
EF Inv Inrush Block

Negative sequence directional
37
EF U2/I2 Dir
element for EF protection enabled

or disabled
38
Inrush Chk I02/I01
39
Blk EF at VT Fail
40
Blk EF at CT Fail
41
3I0 Calculated
42
3U0 Calculated
232
Inrush checking of zero sequence

current enabled or disabled
Block or unblock EF protection
when VT fail happens
Block or unblock EF protection
when CT fail happens
earth fault CT
3U0 is calculated or measured from
earth fault VT
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
43
EF Init CBF
44
Func_NOC1
45
NOC1 Direction
Description
EF protection initiate CBF
protection or not
Neutral earth fault stage 1 enabled
or disabled
Direction of neutral earth fault stage
Unit
Min.
Max.

46
NOC1 Dir To Sys

47
NOC1 Inrush Block
48
Func_NOC2
49
NOC2 Direction
Inrush restraint for neutral earth

fault stage 1 enabled or disabled
Neutral earth fault stage 2 enabled
or disabled
Direction of neutral earth fault stage
50
NOC2 Dir To Sys

51
NOC2 Inrush Block
52
Func_NOC Inv
53
NOC Inv Direction
Inrush restraint for neutral earth

fault stage 2 enabled or disabled
Inverse time stage for neutral earth
fault enabled or disabled
enabled or disabled
54
NOC Inv Dir To Sys

55
NOC Inv Inrush Block
56
Blk NOC at VT Fail
57
3U0 Calculated
58
NOC Init CBF
59
Func_SEF1
60
SEF1 Trip
61
SEF1 Direction
62
Func_SEF2

VT failure block neutral earth fault
3U0 calculated or measured from
VT
Neutral earth fault protection initiate
Sensitive earth fault stage 1
enabled or disabled
alarm
Direction of sensitive earth fault
Sensitive earth fault stage 2
enabled or disabled
233
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
63
SEF2 Trip
64
SEF2 Direction
65
Func_SEF Inv
66
SEF Inv Trip
Description
alarm
Sensitive earth fault inverse time
Sensitive earth fault inverse time
stage
trip or alarm
Unit
Min.
Max.

67
SEF Inv Direction
inverse time stage enabled or

disabled
U0/I0 measurement or Cos
68
SEF Chk U0/I0
measurement for direction

determination
69
Blk SEF at VT Fail
70
3U0 Calculated
VT failure block sensitive earth fault

3U0 calculated or measured from
VT
71
SEF Init CBF
initiate CBF protection enabled or

disabled
72
Func_NSOC1

disabled
73
NSOC1 Trip

stage 1 trip or alarm
74
Func_NSOC2

disabled
Inverse time stage of negative
75
Func_NSOC Inv
sequence overcurrent protection

enabled or disabled
76
NSOC Inv Trip
77
NSOC Init CBF
78
Func_STUB
79
STUB Init CBF
80
Func_Thermal OL
234
Inverse time stage negative

sequence overcurrent trip or alarm
protection initiate CBF protection
STUB protection enabled or
disabled
STUB protection initiate CBF
protection
enabled or disabled
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
81
Cold Curve
82
Thermal OL Init CBF
83
Func_3V01
84
3V01 Trip
85
Func_3V02
86
3V02 Trip
87
3U0 Calculated
88
3V0 Init CBF
89
Func_OV1
90
OV1 Trip
91
Func_OV2
92
OV2 Trip
Description
Cold Curve or Hot Curve
Thermal overload protection initiate
CBF protection
enabled or disabled
Displacement voltage stage 1 trip or
alarm
enabled or disabled
Displacement voltage stage 2 trip or
alarm
Displacement voltage is calculated
or measured form VT
initiate CBF enabled or disabled
disabled
disabled
Unit
Min.
Max.
Phase to phase voltage or phase to

93
OV Chk PE
earth measured for overvoltage

protection
94
OV Init CBF
95
Func_UV1
96
UV1 Trip
97
Func_UV2
98
UV2 Trip
99
UV Chk Current
100
UV Chk CB Status
Overvoltage protection initiate CBF

enabled or disabled
disabled
enabled or disabled
disabled
enabled or disabled
Checking current for undervoltage
protection
Checking CB aux. contact for
Phase to phase or phase to earth
101
UV Chk PE
measured for undervoltage

protection
235
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
102
UV Chk All Phase
103
Func_CBF
Description
Checking three phase voltage for
Unit
Min.
Max.
Three pole trip by one pole failure

104
CBF 1P Trip 3P
for CBF protection enabled or

disabled
105
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2
106
CBF Chk CB Status
zero- and negative-sequence

current checked by CBF protection
CB auxiliary contact checked for
CBF protection
Checking three phase CB close
107 CBF Chk BI_3Ph_CB_Close
status via binary input for CBF

protection
108
Func_PD
109
PD Chk 3I0/3I2
110
PD Init CBF
111
Func_Dead Zone
112
AR_1p mode
113
AR_3p mode
114
AR_1p(3p) mode
115
AR_Disable
116
AR_Override
117
AR_EnergChkDLLB
Checking dead line live bus for AR
118
AR_EnergChkLLDB
Checking live line dead bus for AR
119
AR_EnergChkDLDB
Checking dead line dead bus for AR
120
AR_Syn check
121
AR_Chk3PVol
122
AR Final Trip
123
1P CBOpen Init AR
236
enabled or disabled
Checking 3I0/3I2 criteria for PD
PD protection initiate CBF
protection
Dead zone protection enabled or
disabled
Single phase mode for
Three phase mode for
One and three phase mode for
auto-reclosing function disabled
disabled

enabled or disabled
Three phase voltage check for
single phase AR
Final trip by AR
AR initiated by single phase CB
open
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Setting
124
3P CBOpen Init AR
125
Mode_3/2CB
126
CB_Master
Description
AR initiated by three phase CB
open
One and a half breaker
arrangement
Side breaker or tie breaker
Unit
Min.
Max.
237
Chapter 23 Appendix
General report list

Table 135 event report list
No
Abbr. (LCD Display)
Description
Relay Startup
BI Change
BI SetGroup Mode
Not Used
Not used
OC1 Trip
OC2 Trip
OC Inv Trip
Inrush Blk OC
Not Used
Not used
10
EF1 Trip
11
EF2 Trip
12
EF Inv Trip
13
Inrush Blk EF
14
Not Used
Not used
15
NOC1 Trip
Neutral overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
16
NOC2 Trip
Neutral overcurrent protection stage 2 trip
17
NOC Inv Trip
18
Inrush Blk NOC
19
Not Used
Not used
20
SEF1 Trip
21
SEF2 Trip
22
SEF Inv Trip
23
Not Used
24
NSOC1 Trip
25
NSOC2 Trip
26
NSOC Inv Trip
27
STUB Trip
28
Therm OL Startup
29
Thermal OL Trip
30
3V01 Trip
31
3V02 Trip
32
OV1 Trip
33
OV2 Trip
34
UV1 Trip
35
UV2 Trip
36
CBF Startup
238
Protection startup
Binary input change
Binary input setting group mode
Overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip

Inrush blocking overcurrent protection
Earth fault protection inverse time stage trip

Inrush blocking earth fault protection
Neutral overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip

Inrush blocking neutral overcurrent protection
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage trip

Not used
Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time

stage trip
STUB protection trip
Thermal overload protection startup
Circuit breaker failure protection startup
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Abbr. (LCD Display)
Description
37
CBF1 Trip
38
CBF 1P Trip 3P
39
CBF2 Trip
40
PD Trip
41
Not Used
42
Dead Zone Trip
43
1st Reclose
First shot reclose
44
2nd Reclose
Second shot reclose
45
3rd Reclose
Third shot reclose
46
4th Reclose
Fourth shot reclose
47
1Ph Trip Init AR
48
1Ph CBO Init AR
49
1Ph CBO Blk AR
50
3Ph Trip Init AR
51
3Ph CBO Init AR
52
3Ph CBO Blk AR
53
Syn Phase Change
54
AR Block
Auto-reclosing blocking
55
Not Used
Not Used
56
Syn Request
57
AR_EnergChk OK
58
Syn Failure
59
Syn OK
60
Syn Vdiff fail
Voltage difference check failure for synchro-check
61
Syn Fdiff fail
Frequency difference check failure for synchro-check
62
Syn Angdiff fail
63
EnergChk fail
Energizing check failure
64
AR Success
Auto-reclosing success
65
AR Final Trip
Auto-reclosing final trip
66
AR in progress
67
AR Failure
68
AR Wait
Circuit breaker failure protection single phase trip three

phase
Not used
Dead zone protection trip
Single phase trip to initiate auto-reclosing

Single phase circuit breaker open to initiate
auto-reclosing
Single phase circuit breaker open to block
auto-reclosing
Three phase trip to initiate auto-reclosing
Three phase circuit breaker open to block
auto-reclosing
Three phase circuit breaker block to block
auto-reclosing
Synchro-check phase change
Synchro-check request
Energizing check for Auto-reclosing ok
Synchro-check failure
Synchro-check ok
Phase difference check failure for synchro-check
Auto-reclosing in progress
Auto-reclosing failure
Auto-reclosing wait
Table 136 alarming report list
No
1
Abbr. (LCD Display)

3V0 Trip Fail
Description
Displacement voltage protection trip fail
239
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Abbr. (LCD Display)
Description
3V01 Alarm
Displacement voltage protection stage 1 alarm
3V02 Alarm
Displacement voltage protection stage 2 alarm
AI Channel Err
Analog input error
AR Mode Alarm
Auto-reclosing mode alarm
Battery Off
BI Breakdown
Binary input breakdown
BI Check Err
Binary input check error
BI Comm Fail
Binary input communication fail
10
BI Config Err
Binary input configuration error
11
BI EEPROM Err
12
BI Input Err
13
BI_Init CBF Err
14
BI_V1P_MCB Err
Binary input of single phase MCB error
15
BI_V3P_MCB Err
Binary input of three phase MCB error
16
BO Breakdown
Binary output breakdown
17
BO Comm Fail
Binary output communication fail
18
BO Config Err
Binary output configuration error
19
BO EEPROM Err
Binary output EEPROM error
20
BO No Response
Binary output response
21
CB Err Blk PD
22
CT Fail
23
EF Trip Fail
Earth fault protection trip fail
24
EquipPara Err
Equipment parameter error
25
FLASH Check Err
26
NO/NC Discord
27
NOC Trip Fail
28
NSOC Inv Alarm
29
NSOC Trip Fail
30
NSOC1 Alarm
31
OC Trip Fail
Overcurrent protection trip fail
32
OV Trip Fail
Overvoltage protection trip fail
33
OV1 Alarm
34
OV2 Alarm
35
Overload Alarm
36
PD Trip Fail
37
PhA CB Open Err
Phase A CB Open error
38
PhB CB Open Err
Phase B CB Open error
39
PhC CB Open Err
Phase C CB Open error
40
ROM Verify Err
41
Sampling Err
240
Battery off
Binary input EEPROM error

Binary input input error
Binary input for initiation CBF error
CB error blocking poles discordance protection

CT fail
FLASH check error

NO/NC discord
Neutral overcurrent protection trip fail
Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time
stage alarm
Negative sequence overcurrent protection trip fail
Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1
alarm
Overload protection alarm

Poles discordance protection trip fail
ROM verify error

Sampling error
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Abbr. (LCD Display)
Description
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage
42
SEF Inv Alarm
43
SEF Trip Fail
Sensitive earth fault protection trip fail
44
SEF1 Alarm
45
SEF2 Alarm
46
SetGroup Err
Setting group Error
47
Setting Err
48
Soft Version Err
49
SRAM Check Err
50
STUB Trip Fail
STUB protection trip fail
51
Syn Voltage Err
Voltage for synchro-check error
52
SysConfig Err
53
Test BO Un_reset
54
Therm Trip Fail
Thermal overload protection trip fail
55
Thermal OL Alarm
56
UV Trip Fail
Undervoltage protection trip fail
57
UV1 Alarm
58
UV2 Alarm
59
V1P_MCB VT Fail
Single phase MCB VT Fail
60
V3P_MCB VT Fail
Three phase MCB VT Fail
61
VT Fail
alarm
Setting error
Software version error
SRAM check error
System configuration error

Unreset after testing binary output
VT fail
Table 137 operation report list
No
Abbr. (LCD Display)
Description
SwSetGroup OK
Switch setting group OK
Write Set OK
WriteEquipParaOK
WriteConfig OK
AdjScale OK
Not Used
Not used
Not Used
Not used
ClrConfig OK
Clear configuration OK
Reset Config
Reset configuration
10
Test BO OK
Test binary output OK
11
AdjDrift OK
Adjust zero drift OK
12
Clear All Rpt OK
Clear all report OK
13
Syn Phase Change
14
VT Recovery
VT recovery
15
CaluFreqOK
Calculation frequency OK
16
Test mode On
Test mode On
17
Test mode Off
Test mode Off
Write setting value OK

Write equipment parameter OK
Write configuration OK
Adjust scale OK
Synchro-check phase change
241
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
Abbr. (LCD Display)
Description
18
Func_OC On
Function of overcurrent protection on
19
Func_OC Off
Function of overcurrent protection off
20
Func_EF On
Function of earth fault protection on
21
Func_EF Off
Function of earth fault protection off
22
Func_NOC On
Function of neutral overcurrent protection on
23
Func_NOC Off
Function of neutral overcurrent protection off
24
Func_SEF On
Function of sensitive earth fault protection on
25
Func_SEF Off
Function of sensitive earth fault protection off
26
Func_NSOC On
27
Func_NSOC Off
28
Func_STUB On
Function of STUB protection on
29
Func_STUB Off
Function of STUB protection off
30
Func_Therm OL On
Function of thermal overload protection on
31
Fun_Therm OL Off
Function of thermal overload protection off
32
Func_OL On
Function of overload protection on
33
Func_OL Off
Function of overload protection off
34
Func_3V0 On
Function of displacement voltage protection on
35
Func_3V0 Off
Function of displacement voltage protection off
36
Func_OV On
Function of overvoltage protection on
37
Func_OV Off
Function of overvoltage protection off
38
Func_UV On
Function of undervoltage protection on
39
Func_UV Off
Function of undervoltage protection off
40
Func_CBF On
Function of circuit breaker failure protection on
41
Func_CBF Off
Function of circuit breaker failure protection off
42
Func_PD On
Function of poles discordance protection on
43
Func_PD Off
Function of poles discordance protection off
44
Func_DZ On
Function of dead zone protection on
45
Func_DZ Off
Function of dead zone protection off
46
Func_AR On
Function of auto-reclosing protection on
47
Func_AR Off
Function of auto-reclosing protection off
48
AR Syn On
Synchro-check for AR on
49
AR Syn Off
Synchro-check for AR off
50
AR EnergChk On
Energizing check for AR on
51
AR EnergChk Off
Energizing check for AR of
52
AR Override On
Override for AR on
53
AR Override Off
Override for AR off
54
Func_VT Fuse On
Function of VT fuse supervision on
55
Func_VT Fuse Off
Function of VT fuse supervision off
56
Func_CT Fail On
Function of CT fail on
57
Func_CT Fail Off
Function of CT fail off
242
Function of negative sequence overcurrent protection

on
Function of negative sequence overcurrent protection
off
Chapter 23 Appendix
No
58
Abbr. (LCD Display)

CPU Reset
Description
CPU reset
243
Chapter 23 Appendix
Typical connection
A. Application for line
A
B
C
Protection IED
a01
b01
IA
a02
b02
IB
a03
b03
IC
a04
b04
a12
a11
b11
b12
IN
UA
UB
UC
UN
a10
b10
Figure 65 Typical connection of feeder backup protection for VT in bus side
244
U4
Chapter 23 Appendix
B. Application for transformer
A
B
C
Protection IED
a12
a11
b11
b12
UA
UB
UC
UN
a01
b01
IA
a02
b02
IB
a03
b03
IC
a04
b04
IN
A B C
b05
I5
a05
A
B
C
Figure 66 Typical connection of transformer backup protection
245
Chapter 23 Appendix
C. Application for sensitive earth fault protection
A
B
C
Protection IED
a01
b01
IA
a02
b02
IB
a03
b03
IC
a04
b04
a12
a11
b11
b12
IN
UA
UB
UC
UN
b05
I5
a05
Figure 67 Typical connection of sensitive earth fault protection
246
Chapter 23 Appendix
Time inverse characteristic
4.1
11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time

characteristic curves
In the setting, if the curve number is set for inverse time characteristic, which
is corresponding to the characteristic curve in the following tabel. Both IEC
and ANSI based standard curves are available.
Table 138 11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic
Curves No.
4.2
IDMTL Curves
Parameter A
Parameter P
Parameter B
IEC INV.
0.14
0.02
IEC VERY INV.
13.5
1.0
IEC EXTERMELY INV.
80.0
2.0
IEC LONG INV.
120.0
1.0
ANSI INV.
8.9341
2.0938
0.17966
ANSI SHORT INV.
0.2663
1.2969
0.03393
ANSI LONG INV.
5.6143
2.18592
ANSI MODERATELY
INV.
0.0103
0.02
0.0228
ANSI VERY INV.
3.922
2.0
0.0982
10
ANSI EXTERMELY INV.
5.64
2.0
0.02434
11
ANSI DEFINITE INV.
0.4797
1.5625
0.21359
User defined characteristic

For the inverse time characteristic, also can be set as user defined
characteristic if the setting is set to 12.
t=
i p
1
I
+B K
Equation 10
247
Chapter 23 Appendix
where:
A: Time factor for inverse time stage
B: Delay time for inverse time stage
P: index for inverse time stage
K: Time multiplier
4.3
248
Typical inverse curves
Chapter 23 Appendix
The typical 11 curves where K=0.025 is shown in the following figure:
IEC & ANSI Curve

(K=0.025)
0.1
Time in Seconds
IEC INV.
IEC VERY INV.
IEC EXTE INV.
IEC LONG INV.
ANSI INV.
ANSI SHORT INV.
ANSI LONG INV.
ANSI MODE INV.
0.01
ANSI VERY INV.

ANSI EXTE INV.
ANSI DEFI INV.
0.001
0.0001
1
10
100
Id/I_Inv
Figure 68 Typical curves for IEC and ANSI standard
249
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC INV. Curve in the
following figure:
IEC INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1.0
K=1.25
0.1
0.01
1
10
I/Is
Figure 69 Typical IEC INV. Curves
250
100
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC VERY INV. Curve in
the following figure:
IEC VERY INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
0.1
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
10
100
I/Is
Figure 70 Typical IEC VERY INV. Curves
251
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC EXTREMELY INV.
Curve in the following figure:
IEC EXTREMELY INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
0.1
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
10
I/Is
Figure 71 Typical IEC EXTREMELY INV. Curve
252
100
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC LONG INV. Curve in
IEC LONG INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
I/Is
Figure 72 Typical IEC LONG INV. Curve
253
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ASNI INV. Curve in the
following figure:
ANSI INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
0.1
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
10
100
I/Is
Figure 73 Typical ANSI INV. Curves
254
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI SHOTR INV. Curve
in the following figure:
ANSI SHORT INV.Curve
Time in Seconds
0.1
K=0.025
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
0.0001
10
100
I/Is
Figure 74 Typical ANSI SHORT INV. Curves
255
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI LONG INV. Curve in
ANSI LONG INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.1
0.01
1
10
I/Is
Figure 75 Typical ANSI LONG INV. Curves
256
100
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI MODETATELY INV.
ANSI MODERATELY INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
0.1
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
10
100
I/Is
Figure 76 Typical ANSI MODETATELY INV. Curve
257
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSIVERY INV. Curve in
ANSI VERY INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
0.1
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
10
I/Is
Figure 77 Typical ANSI VERY INV. Curves
258
100
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI EXTREMELY INV.
ANSI EXTREMELY INV. Curve
Time in Seconds
0.1
K=0.025
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
0.01
K=1.5
0.001
1
0.0001
10
100
I/Is
Figure 78 Typical ANSI EXTREMELY INV. Curves
259
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI DEFINITE INV.
ANSI DEFINITE INV. Curve

10
Time in Seconds
K=0.025
0.1
K=0.2
K=0.5
K=1
K=1.5
0.01
0.001
1
10
I/Is
Figure 79 Typical ANSI DEFINITE INV. Curves
260
100
Chapter 23 Appendix
CT requirement
5.1
Overview
In practice, the conventional magnetic- core current transformer (hereinafter
as referred CT) is not able to transform the current signal accurately in whole
fault period of all possible faults because of manufactured cost and
installation space limited. CT Saturation will cause distortion of the current
signal and can result in a failure to operate or cause unwanted operations of
some functions. Although more and more protection IEDs have been
designed to permit CT saturation with maintained correct operation, the
performance of protection IED is still depended on the correct selection of CT.
5.2
Current transformer classification

The conventional CTs are usually manufactured in accordance with the
standard, IEC 60044, ANSI / IEEE C57.13, ANSI / IEEE C37.110 or other
comparable standards, which CTs are specified in different protection class.
Currently, the CT for protection are classified according to functional
performance as follows:
Class P CT
Accuracy limit defined by composite error with steady symmetric primary
current. No limit for remanent flux.
Class PR CT
CT with limited remanence factor for which, in some cased, a value of the
secondary loop time constant and/or a limiting value of the winding resistance
may also be specified.
Class PX CT
Low leakage reactance for which knowledge of the transformer secondary
excitation characteristic, secondary winding resistance, secondary burden
resistance and turns ratio is sufficient to assess its performance in relation to
the protective relay system with which it is to be used.
Class TPS CT
Low leakage flux current transient transformer for which performance is
defined by the secondary excitation characteristics and turns ratio error limits.
No limit for remanent flux
Class TPX CT
261
Chapter 23 Appendix
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified transient
duty cycle. No limit for remanent flux.
Class TPY CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified transient
duty cycle. Remanent flux not to exceed 10% of the saturation flux..
Class TPZ CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous alternating current component
error during single energization with maximum d.c. offset at specified
secondary loop time constant. No requirements for d.c. component error limit.
Remanent flux to be practically negligible.
TPE class CT (TPE represents transient protection and electronic type
CT)
5.3
Abbreviations (according to IEC 60044-1, -6, as

defined)
Abbrev.
Description
Esl
Rated secondary limiting e.m.f
Eal
Rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f
Ek
Rated knee point e.m.f
Uk
Knee point voltage (r.m.s.)
Kalf
Accuracy limit factor
Kssc
Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor
Kssc
Effective symmetrical short-circuit current factor
Kssc
based on different Ipcf
Kpcf
Protective checking factor
Ks
Specified transient factor
Kx
Dimensioning factor
Ktd
Transient dimensioning factor
Ipn
Rated primary current
Isn
Rated secondary current
Ipsc
Rated primary short-circuit current
Ipcf
protective checking current
Isscmax
Maximum symmetrical short-circuit current
Rct
Secondary winding d.c. resistance at 75 C /

167 F (or other specified temperature)
Rb
Rated resistive burden
Rb
= Rlead + Rrelay = actual connected resistive

burden
Rs
Total resistance of the secondary circuit,

inclusive of the secondary winding resistance
262
Chapter 23 Appendix
corrected to 75, unless otherwise specified,
and inclusive of all external burden connected.
Rlead
Wire loop resistance
Zbn
Rated relay burden
Zb
Actual relay burden
Tp
Specified primary time constant
Ts
Secondary loop time constant
5.4
General current transformer requirements
5.4.1
Protective checking current

The current error of CT should be within the accuracy limit required at
specified fault current.
To verify the CT accuracy performance, Ipcf, primary protective checking
current, should be chose properly and carefully.
For different protections, Ipcf is the selected fault current in proper fault
position of the corresponding fault, which will flow through the verified CT.
To guarantee the reliability of protection relay, Ipcf should be the maximum
fault current at internal fault. E.g. maximum primary three phase short-circuit
fault current or single phase earth fault current depended on system
sequence impedance, in different positions.
Moreover, to guarantee the security of protection relay, Ipcf should be the
maximum fault current at external fault.
Last but not least, Ipcf calculation should be based on the future possible
system power capacity
Kpcf, protective checking factor, is always used to verified the CT
performance
=
To reduce the influence of transient state, Kalf, Accuracy limit factor of CT,
should be larger than the following requirement
>
+ +
+ +
Ks, Specified transient factor, should be decided based on actual operation

state and operation experiences by user.
263
Chapter 23 Appendix
=
5.4.2
CT class
The selected CT should guarantee that the error is within the required
accuracy limit at steady symmetric short circuit current. The influence of short
circuit current DC component and remanence should be considered, based
on extent of system transient influence, protection function characteristic,
consequence of transient saturation and actual operating experience. To fulfill
the requirement on a specified time to saturation, the rated equivalent
secondary e.m.f of CTs must higher than the required maximum equivalent
secondary e.m.f that is calculated based on actual application.
For the CTs applied to transmission line protection, transformer differential
protection with 330kV voltage level and above, and 300MW and above
generator-transformer set differential protection, the power system time
constant is so large that the CT is easy to saturate severely due to system
transient state. To prevent the CT from saturation at actual duty cycle, TP
class CT is preferred.
For TPS class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting e.m.f) is generally
determined as follows:
= ( + )
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor
Kssc: Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor
For TPX, TPY and TPZ class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting
e.m.f) is generally determined as follows:
= ( + )
Where
Ktd: Rated transient dimensioning factor
Considering at short circuit current with 100% offset
For C-t-O duty cycle,
K td =
t
t
Tp Ts
e TP e T s + 1
Tp Ts
t: duration of one duty cycle;

For C-t-O-tfr-C-t-O duty cycle,
264
Chapter 23 Appendix
K td
t
t
Tp Ts
=
e TP e Ts
Tp Ts
t fr +t
e Ts
"
"
t
t
Tp Ts
+
e TP e T s
Tp Ts
+1
t: duration of first duty cycle;

t: duration of second duty cycle;
tfr: duration between two duty cycle;
For the CTs applied to 110 - 220kV voltage level transmission line protection,
110 - 220kV voltage level transformer differential protection, 100-200MW
generator-transformer set differential protection, and large capacity motor
differential protection, the influence of system transient state to CT is so less
that the CT selection is based on system steady fault state mainly, and leave
proper margin to tolerate the negative effect of possible transient state.
Therefore, P, PR, PX class CT can be always applied.
For P class and PR class CT, Esl (the rated secondary limited e.m.f) is
generally determined as follows:
= ( + )
Kalf: Accuracy limit factor
For PX class CT, Ek (rated knee point e.m.f) is generally determined as
follows:
= ( + )
Kx: Demensioning factor
For the CTs applied to protection for110kV voltage level and below system,
the CT should be selected based on system steady fault state condition. P
class CT is always applied.
5.4.3
Accuracy class
The CT accuracy class should guarantee that the protection relay applied is
able to operate correctly even at a very sensitive setting, e.g. for a sensitive
residual overcurrent protection. Generally, the current transformer should
have an accuracy class, which have an current error at rated primary current,
that is less than 1% (e.g. class 5P).
If current transformers with less accuracy are used it is advisable to check the
actual unwanted residual current during the commissioning.
5.4.4
Ratio of CT
265
Chapter 23 Appendix
The current transformer ratio is mainly selected based on power system data
like e.g. maximum load. However, it should be verified that the current to the
protection is higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that are to
be detected with the selected CT ratio. The minimum operating current is
different for different functions and settable normally. So each function should
be checked separately.
5.4.5
Rated secondary current

There are 2 standard rated secondary currents, 1A or 5A. Generally, 1 A
should be preferred, particularly in HV and EHV stations, to reduce the
burden of the CT secondary circuit. Because 5A rated CTs, i.e. I2R is 25x
compared to only 1x for a 1A CT. However, in some cases to reduce the CT
secondary circuit open voltage, 5A can be applied.
5.4.6
Secondary burden
Too high flux will result in CT saturation. The secondary e.m.f is directly
proportional to linked flux. To feed rated secondary current, CT need to
generate enough secondary e.m.f to feed the secondary burden.
Consequently, Higher secondary burden, need Higher secondary e.m.f, and
then closer to saturation. So the actual secondary burden Rb must be less
than the rated secondary burden Rb of applied CT, presented
Rb > Rb
The CT actual secondary burden Rb consists of wiring loop resistance Rlead
and the actual relay burdens Zb in whole secondary circuit, which is
calculated by following equation
Rb = Rlead + Zb
The rated relay burden, Zbn, is calculated as below:
=
Where
Sr: the burden of IED current input channel per phase, in VA;
For earth faults, the loop includes both phase and neutral wire, normally twice
the resistance of the single secondary wire. For three-phase faults the neutral
current is zero and it is just necessary to consider the resistance up to the
point where the phase wires are connected to the common neutral wire. The
most common practice is to use four wires secondary cables so it normally is
sufficient to consider just a single secondary wire for the three-phase case.
266
Chapter 23 Appendix
In isolated or high impedance earthed systems the phase-to-earth fault is not
the considered dimensioning case and therefore the resistance of the single
secondary wire always can be used in the calculation, for this case.
5.5
Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f requirements

To guarantee correct operation, the current transformers (CTs) must be able
to correctly reproduce the current for a minimum time before the CT will
begin to saturate.
5.5.1
Line differential protection

The protection is designed to accept CTs with same characteristic but
different CT ratios between two terminals of feeder. The difference of ratio
should not be more than 4 times.
Because the operating characteristic of the line differential protection is based
on the calculation of fundamental component of current, the CT saturation will
result in too much error of the calculation of differential current and reduce the
security of the protection. The CT applied should meet following requirement.
For 330kV and above transmission line protection, TPY CT is preferred. To
guarantee the accuracy, Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
> , ", 20
Where
"
" =
Ipcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency fault current at internal faults

(A)
Ipcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency fault current at external
faults (A)
Considering auto-reclosing operation, Eal should meet the following
requirement, at C-O-C-O duty cycle
> ( + )
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2.
recommended
267
Chapter 23 Appendix
To 220kV transmission line protection, Class 5P20 CT is preferred. Because
the system time constant is less relatively, and then DC component is less,
the probability of CT saturation due to through fault current at external fault is
reduced more and more.
Esl can be verified as below:
> = +
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
Only at special case, e.g. short output feeder of large power plant, the PX
class CT is recommended. Ek should be verified based on below equation.
> = +
Where
5.5.2
Transformer differential protection

It is recommended that the CT of each side could be same class and with
same characteristic to guarantee the protection sensitivity.
For the CTs applied to 330kV voltage level and above step-down transformer,
TPY class CT is preferred for each side.
For the CTs of high voltage side and middle voltage side, Eal should be
verified at external fault C-O-C-O duty cycle.
For the CT of low voltage side in delta connection, Eal should be verified at
external three phase short circuit fault C-O duty cycle.
Eal must meet the requirement based on following equations:
> ( + )
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3
recommended
For 220kV voltage level and below transformer differential protection, P Class,
PR class and PX class is able to be used. Because the system time constant
is less relatively, and then DC component is less, the probability of CT
saturation due to through fault current at external fault is reduced more and
more.
For P Class, PR class CT, Esl can be verified as below:
268
Chapter 23 Appendix
> = +
Where
For PX class CT, Ek can be verified as below:
> = +
Where
5.5.3
Busbar differential protection

The busbar differential protection is able to detect CT saturation in extremely
short time and then block protection at external fault. The protection can
discriminate the internal or external fault in 2-3 ms before CT saturation. So
the currents from different class CT of different feeders are permitted to inject
into the protection relay. The rated secondary e.m.f of CTs is verified by
maximum symmetric short circuit current at external fault.
For P Class, PR class CT,
+
>
+
For TP class CT,
>
Ipcf: Maximum primary short circuit current at external faults (A)
5.5.4
Distance protection
For 330kV and above transmission line protection, TPY CT is preferred. To
guarantee the accuracy, Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
> , ", 20
Where
"
" =
Ipcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency current at close-in forward

and reverse faults (A)
Ipcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency current at faults at the end of
zone 1 reach (A)
269
Chapter 23 Appendix
> ( + )
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3.
recommended for line which length is shorter than 50kM, 5 recommended for
line which length is longer than 50kM
To 220kV voltage and below transmission line protection, P Class CT is
preferred, e.g. 5P20.
> = +
Where
Only at special case, e.g. short output feeder of large power plant, the PX
class CT is recommended. Ek should be verified based on below equation.
> = +
Where
5.5.5
Definite time overcurrent protection and earth fault

protection
For TPY CT,
Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
> , ", 20
Where
"
" =

Ipcf: Maximum applied operating setting value (A)
> ( + )
270
Chapter 23 Appendix
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2
recommended
For P Class and PR class CT,
Kalf should be satisfied following requirement:
>
+
+
Where
= , ", 20
"
" =

Ipcf: Maximum applied operating setting value (A)
> = +
Where
For PX class CT,
Ek should be verified based on below equation.
> = +
Where
5.5.6
Inverse time overcurrent protection and earth fault

protection
For TPY CT,
Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
> 20
Where
=
271
Chapter 23 Appendix
Ipcf: Maximum applied primary startup current setting value (A)
requirement, at C-O duty cycle
> ( + )
Where
Ktd: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2
recommended
For P Class and PR class CT,
Kalf should be satisfied following requirement:
>
+
+
Where
= 20
=
Ipcf: Maximum applied primary startup current setting value (A)

> = +
Where
For PX class CT,
Ek should be verified based on below equation.
> = +
Where
272

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CSC-121

Breaker Protection IED

is registered trademark of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.

Information on how to configure the IED scope and a description of the

Instructions for mounting and commissioning;

Compilation of the technical specifications;

A compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the

Applicability of this Manual

Strictly follow the company and international safety regulations.

Do not touch any circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal

Never connect or disconnect wire and/or connector to or from IED

Always connect the IED to protective earth regardless of the

Do not disconnect the secondary connection of current transformer

Do not remove the screw from a powered IED or from an IED

Using the certified conductive bags to transport PCBs (modules).

Do not connect live wires to the IED, internal circuitry may be

When replacing modules using a conductive wrist strap connected to

When installing and commissioning, take care to avoid electrical

Setting parameters ..................................................................................................... 27

STUB protection ................................................................................................................... 126

About this chapter

Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 1000kV

Applied to overhead lines and cables, as backup protection IED

Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network

Applied to transformer as backup protection IED

Breaker management protection for any substation arrangement such as

Work as a dedicated breaker protection for single circuit breaker

Suitable for single pole/three poles tripping and closing conditions

Communication with station automation system

The IED provides a completely protection functions library, including current

Protection and monitoring IED with extensive functional library, user

A complete protection functions library, include:

Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)

Earth fault protection (50N, 51N, 67N)

Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)

Sensitive earth fault protection (50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)

Negative-sequence overcurrent protection (46)

Thermal overload protection (49)

Overload protection (50OL)

Overvoltage protection (59)

Undervoltage protection (27)

Displacement voltage protection (64)

Circuit breaker failure protection (50BF)

Poles discordance protection (50PD)

Dead zone protection (50SH-Z)

STUB protection (50STUB)

Synchro-check and energizing check (25)

Auto-recloser function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)

Voltage transformer secondary circuit supervision (97FF)

Current transformer secondary circuit supervision

Self-supervision to all modules in the IED

Complete information recording: tripping reports, alarm reports, startup

Up to three electric/optical Ethernet ports can be selected to

Up to two electric RS-485 ports can be selected to communicate with

Time synchronization via network(SNTP), pulse and IRIG-B mode

Configurable LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) and output relays satisfied

Versatile human-machine interface

Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault

Earth fault protection

50N, 51N, 67N

Neutral earth fault protection

50G, 51G, 67G

Sensitive earth fault protection