Part I.

THE WORLD WE LIVE IN

Unit 1. GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
Task 1. Study the vocabulary list.
Biocapacity
Bio-degradable
Bottled water
Capacity
Constrained
Eco-friendly
Ecological copacity
Ecological Footprint
Ecosystem
Environmentally friendly
Ever-growing
Fair share
Fluorescent bulb
Global warming
Guideline
Infrastructure
Nature friendly
Paper plate

Per capita
Plastic cup
Policy
Rechargeable batteries
Reduce
Re-usable
To absorb
To affect smth
To assess
To be powered by smth
To be/go green
To consume
To decline
To deplete
To donate
To enhance
To generate
To give away

To harm
To have an effect To have an
impact on smth
To inflict
To live in harmony with
To meet the demands
To over-shadow
To plug in
To pollute
To prevent smth
To recycle
To reduce
To regenerate
Trash
Waist
Water saving faucet

Task 2. Imagine and describe the best and the worst place in
the world in terms of ecological situation. Make a list of
some key notions for both of them.
The best place on Earth

The worst place on Earth

1. Have you described some particular place?

2. What is the role of a person in changing the best place into the
worst one? Why do people do that?
3. In your opinion, how much have we changed our planet?
4. Can you guess the meaning of the expression Global Ecological
Footprint? There is a picture to help you.
Task 3. Watch the video Ecological Footprint and fill in the
components that are taken into account while measuring ecological footprint.

Ecological
Footprint

Task 4. Mark the following statements as True, False or Not Given.

1. Ecological footprint can be measured only in terms of the whole world not per capita.
2. Only food, energy and transportation contribute to our ecological footprint.
3. Our personal lifestyle doesnt put any pressure on Earth.
4. The knowledge about present-day ecological situation helps to manage ecological assets
wisely.
5. Personal actions are more important than collective ones when dealing with ecological
problems.
Task 5. Read the article.
Our Ecological Footprint shows that 1.5 Earths would be required to meet the demands
humanity makes on nature each year. Between 1970 and 2015, the population sizes of
vertebrate species have dropped by half. A measure of the impact humans have on the
environment is called an ecological footprint. A countrys ecological footprint is the sum of
all the cropland, grazing land, forest and fishing grounds required to produce the food, fibre
and timber it consumes, to absorb the wastes emitted when it uses energy and to provide
space for infrastructure.
World Wildlife Funds report 2015 found that in 2010, the global ecological footprint
was 18.1 billion global hectares (gha) or 2.6 gha per capita. Earths total biocapacity was 12
billion gha, or 1.7 gha per capita.
This means that the Earths people needed 18 billion hectares of productive land in
order to provide each and every person with the resources they required to support their
lifestyle and to absorb the wastes they produced.
The bad news is that there were only 12 billion global hectares available.
This means that in 2010 people used about 50% more natural resources than the planet could
regenerate. The message is clear and urgent.
We need to consume less if we are to live
within the regenerative capacity of the Earth.
We have been exceeding the Earths ability to
support our lifestyle. Habitats are being
destroyed; our soils and waterways are being
degraded. The balance must be restored.
Were consuming more than three times
our fair share of the planets natural
resources. If we continue these consumption patterns, we will face an ecological overshoot
that will have far-reaching future consequences for people and nature.

For example, Qatar has one of the largest environmental footprints per capita in the
world, requiring 11.68 global hectares per person. If the rest of the world lived like Qatar
did, wed need the regenerative capacity of 3.6 Earths to sustain our demands on nature.
Although advances in technology have helped people to produce things more
efficiently, the benefits have been over-shadowed by ever-growing levels of consumption.
Technological advances have raised the planets total biocapacity from 9.9 to 12 billion gha
between 1961 and 2010. However, during that period the human population has risen from
3.1 billion to nearly 7 billion people, reducing the available biocapacity.
Task 6. Complete the following sentences in your own words with the information you have
got from the video and the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Ecological footprint is the sum of

The balance between and must be restored.
In 2010 people used about 50% more
If we are to live within the regenerative capacity of the Earth
Our soils and waterways are
Qatar is known for
The growth of population leads to

Task 7. Using the information from the article and the video on Ecological Footprint add
the words to complete the sentences. Some words can be used twice.
Biocapacity
Per capita

Capacity Demand on Ecological footprint Impact Infrastructure

To exceed To restore

1. is defined as a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems. It compares

human demand with planet Earth's ecological capacity to regenerate.
2. Our nature doesnt have enough to meet the demands.
3. Ecological footprint is used to measure our nature.
4. Mariam-Webster Dictionary says that is the basic equipment and structures (such
as roads and bridges) that are needed for a country, region, or organization to
function properly.
5. is a Latin term that basically means "average per person" and is used economic data or
reporting, but can also be used in most any other occurrence of population description.
6. We have been the Earths ability to support our lifestyle.
7. Technological advances have raised the planets total .
8. We need to the balance on our planet.
9. A calculated amount of the humans have on the nature is really impressive.
Task 7. Split into small groups and study the following diagram.
There are a number of questions to help you to analyse the data.

Do these countries have anything in common?

What is the level of their economic and social development?
Do they accept innovations?
Why are their footprints so big?
Is your country on the list? Why (not)?
Task 8. What do you know about being eco-friendly? Split into two groups and watch the
video Green Ninja.
Team 1 prepares a list of ecologically unfriendly actions.
Team 2 makes up a list of ecologically friendly actions. Compare your results.
You can add your own ideas to complete the lists.
Task 9. Are you an eco-friendly person? Work your way through the following questions and
count the points you score. Read the information and see how green you are. Do you agree
with the results?
Questions
Do you recycle plastic
goods?
Do you try to reduce your
production of daily trash?

Answers (the amount of points you score)

Always (3) Sometimes (2)
Never (0)

Would you buy an electric

car?

Yes, my
Yes, if I had the
next car will money (2)
be electric
(3)
Always (3) Sometimes (2)

Do you turn out the lights

when you leave the house?
Do you use only compact Yes (3)
fluorescent bulbs in your
house?
Do you leave your cell
Yes (0)

#
1
2

Always (3)

Sometimes when I
have the energy (2)

I only do what is
most convenient for
me (0)
No, they look funny
(0)

Never (0)

Mostly (2)

What are they? (0)

No (3)

Does it mean? (0)

phone charger plugged in

when the phone isn't even
on it?
7 Do you drink bottled
water?
8 Do you throw away your
un-used pills?
9 What do you do with
clothes that you don't want
anymore?
10 When having a family
picnic, what do you eat off
of?
11 What do you do with used
batteries?

Yes (0)

Sometimes (2)

No (3)

Yes (0)

Sometimes (1)

I give them back to

the pharmacy (3)
Donate/ give them
away (3)

Throw them Sell them (3)

(0)
Paper plates
and plastic
cups (0)
I use
rechargeable
batteries (3)
Paper bags
(0)
Yes (3)

Dishes from inside

the house (3)

Bio-degradable
plates etc.

I throw them away

(0)

I drop them into

special containers
(3)
Re-usable bag (3)

12 What do you use to carry

Plastic bag (0)
your groceries?
13 Is your home equipped
No (0)
Some are (2)
with water saving faucets?
14 Do you turn off the water Yes (3)
No (0)
Sometimes (1)
while you brush your
teeth, shave etc.?
15 Do you buy newspapers
Yes (0)
I read my news
Yes, but I recycle
and magazines?
online (3)
them (2)
16 Do you eat at fast food
Yes (0)
No (3)
Once in a while (1)
establishments, even
though you know that they
produce too much trash?
17 Are you interested in
Yes (3)
No (0)
I have no idea about
ecology saving
them (0)
technologies?
Deep green Recycle, reuse and reduce are the key words for you. Keep going! You are on
the right way to a green lifestyle.
Emerald green You get the main idea of going green, but you lack practice.
Light green There is a lot to be learnt about being eco-friendly.
Task 10. Having gone through the test, can you guess what the 3 Rs are, which are said to
be the key to keep the world a nice and clean place?
Reduce

Task 11. Team discussion.

Re_ _ _

Re_ _ _ _ _

(to use again especially in a

different way)

(to process smth in order to

regain material )

a) Taking into consideration all the information above, should we change something in our
attitude to the planet? Would you like to take part in it? How?
b) Make a list of rules to be followed in order to raise the awareness of Ecological Footprint
reduction.
1. Reduce
2. Save
3. Sort
4.
5.
6.
Task 12. Choose one of the following quotations that describes your attitude to the
mentioned problem.

Task 13. Write a paragraph based on the question Would you name your country ecofriendly? Why (not)?

Unit 2. TRADITION VS. INNOVATION

Task 1. Study the vocabulary list.
Actual
Alternative sources of energy
Atom
Atomic
Biofuel
Clean energy
Coal piles
Coal-mine
Combustion
Contamination
Dead zone
Defective
Deficient
Deforestation
Disposal site
Dumping site
Dwindling natural resources
Effective
Efficient
Emission
Energy resources
Environmental side effects
Exclusion zone
Exhausting
Exhaustive
Fossil fuels
Fuel
Geiger counter dosimeter
Global warming
Green energy
Hydroelectric power
Inexhaustible sources of
energy
Natural resources/reserves
Non-renewable sources of
energy
Nuclear accident
Nuclear power

Nuclear waste(s)
Oil-rig
Power station
Radiation
Sarcophagus
Short-term/ long-term
Disposal sites
Solar power
Storage
Sustainable development
Tidal power
To address a problem
To affect smth
To be confronted with
To be exposed to smth
To be fueled with
To be manned by smb
To be powered
To be prone to
To be subject to (control)
To become uncontrollable
To capture power
To confront smth
To contaminate smth with
radioactivity
To cover risks
To deal with problems
To deplete natural resources
To develop alternative
sources of energy
To develop smth
To dispose of smth
To do research on solar
power
To dump
To dwindle
To emit gases
To estimate

To foresee every eventuality

To foresee smth
To fuel a power station
To get smth in compensation
To harness the power of the
atom
To have/take an effect
To hold smb to ransom
To insulate
To invest in research
To look to the future
To pose a threat
To prevent global warming
To prove abortive
To release
To render the region
uninhabitable
To replenish
To rise at a rate of 2% per
year
To run out of natural
resources
To solve a problem
To spill oil
To spill radiation into the
atmosphere
To store
To sustain
To take precaution
To take safety regulations
To turn back on smth
Topical
Unfounded
Wave power
Wind farm
Wind power
Wind turbine

Task 2. Work in groups of two. Answer the following questions. Check your answers with
the ones of your groupmates. Having discussed the questions, compare your results with the
right ones given for you after Task 4.
Name the following:
1) Two renewable sources of energy
2) Two non-renewable or conventional sources of energy
3) Two forms of energy usually used at homes
4) The radiation emitted from a hot source
5) The component of sunlight that is absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere
6) Two activities in our daily life in which solar energy is used
7) The colour of the surface that absorbs maximum heat
Task 3. Read the text.
Traditional energy resources, also known as non-renewable energy resources, are those
that cannot easily be replenished or grown as can renewable energy resources. Traditional
energy resources include oil, coal and natural gas. These energy sources are well-established
ones that are used the world over to make civilization run smoothly.
Traditional energy resources have dominated energy
consumption for over the last century. Fossil fuels have
been a driving force in large-scale industrial development,
replacing the combustion of wood and water-driven mills.
Coal is composed of plant materials that have slowly
been shaped by pressure and heat under the earth's surface
to become a black or brown rock. It can be found both on
the surface and underground. After coal has been mined, it
is "readily combustible", so it can be used as an energy source without any refining. Once
coal is received, it is then burned in a boiler and the steam produced from this boiler turns a
turbine that generates electricity.
Natural gas is composed of gaseous hydrocarbons, the primary
compound being methane. It is used to generate electricity and
produce heat. Additionally, chemicals derived from natural gas, such
as hydrocarbon gas liquids, are used to produce plastics, chemicals
and pharmaceuticals. Natural gas can be used as a heating source in
homes, fuel for stoves, and to run hot water heaters and other
appliances. This energy source is also used to produce materials
such as steel, brick, antifreeze, and explosives. Natural gas is also
being looked to as an alternative fuel source for transportation.
This fuel source produces fewer harmful emissions than other
sources.
Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is a non-renewable
energy source used to produce several different products. Its
extraction became more successful and widespread in the late 19th century. After the internal
combustion engine was invented alongside the automobile, petroleum emerged as the
dominant traditional energy resource because of its low cost and availability. Refined crude

oil quickly went into widespread use and helped transform many countries into industrial
societies. Refining petroleum and producing products using petroleum give off several
different emissions, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, which can
cause acid rain. Because of this, environmental laws have been put into place to reduce the
emissions of oil production and protect the environment.
Another nonrenewable source is uranium. Uranium is an
element that gives us nuclear energy by splitting an atom's
nucleus, and this process is called fission. Nuclear energy is a
better source of energy because it doesn't put carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere. But like all industrial processes, nuclear power
generation has by-product wastes: tremendous steam of
radioactive products and heat. Hazardous wastes and the possibility of a nuclear disaster are
the principal concerns for nuclear power.
Fossil fuels supply more than 90% of the world's energy. Oil leads with a share of about
40 % of total world energy consumption, followed by coal (24 %) and natural gas (22 %).
Fossil fuels are relatively easy to use to generate energy because they only require a
simple direct combustion. However, a problem with fossil fuels is their environmental
impact. Not only does their excavation from the ground significantly alter the environment,
but their combustion leads to a great deal of air pollution. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from
burning fossil fuels is the largest source of greenhouse gases from human activities. Extra
greenhouse gases we are putting into the atmosphere are causing global warming and climate
change. Besides, these are fuels that are being consumed more rapidly than they are being
replaced. That means that someday we could run out of these fuels.
The use of traditional energy resources helped spur industrial revolutions, and their use
has occurred alongside increases in life expectancy and quality of life since the 19th century.
The availability, portability and easy combustion of fossil fuels make traditional energy
resources an affordable and efficient source of energy for ordinary consumers. Power plants
that rely on fossil fuels have been constructed at an affordable cost in exchange for large
amounts of energy produced at a single location.
As with any type of energy extraction there are environmental impacts. Additionally,
the extraction of energy requires its own set of resources, such as land, energy and water.
How these environmental impacts are mitigated depends on the type of energy, technology,
state and local regulations, attitudes towards energy development and economics. The
extraction of oil, natural gas and coal has known environmental risks that include air
pollution and carbon (CO2) emissions.
Answers to the questionnaire Task 2: 1) Sun and wind; 2) Coal and Wood; 3) Heat
energy and Electrical energy; 4) Infra-red rays; 5) Ultra-violet rays; 6) Cooking food using
solar cookers and drying clothes and food grains; 7) Black Surface.
Task 4. Read the text.
Since the environmental movement began making policy
advances in the 1970s, there has been increased attention on
the environmental and health impacts of fossil fuels (air
pollution, global climate change, massive flooding in river
systems, etc.). These impacts are increasingly shifting public

opinion towards an energy economy that relies more heavily on renewable energy.
Alternatives to the fossil fuels and nuclear power are renewable sources of energy and
they are considerably more attractive in many ways. Renewable sources are derived and
replenish quickly from nature and usually do not pollute our environment when used to
generate electricity. The five renewable sources used most often include hydropower (water),
solar power, wind power, biomass (plants), and geothermal (minerals, volcanic activity).
In the context of renewable energy, solar power is associated with the harnessing of the
sun's present emissions of heat or light. Solar power is one the alternative energy source that
is used most widely across the globe. About 70% of the sunlight gets reflected back into the
space and we have only 30% of sunlight to meet up our energy demands.
One of the simplest and economical ways to utilize solar
energy is through solar thermal systems and flat-plate
collectors. Solar thermal technology is employed for
collecting and converting the sun energy to heat energy for
application such as water and air heating, cooking and drying,
steam generation, distillation, etc. Flat-plate solar heat
collectors are the most commonly used type of collector
today. A typical flat-plate collector consists of a box containing a sheet of metal painted
black, which absorbs the suns energy. Solar heat collectors sit on the
rooftops of buildings and are generally used in hotels and homes. It is a
renewable source of power since sun will continue to produce sunlight
all the years. Solar panels, which are required to harness this energy
can be used for long time and require little or no maintenance. Solar
energy proves to be ineffective in colder regions which dont receive
good sunlight. It cannot be used during night and not all the light from
sun can be trapped by solar panels.
Wind Energy is one of the energy sources that have been in use for centuries. It was
used in powering sailing ships, which made it possible for explorers to sail around their trade
routes in distant lands. A single windmill can power the crop irrigation, and the family
energy needs, water pumping and electric lights. However, in the present time there are
several windmills that are used to generate required energy mostly for industrial uses. Many
of the wind turbines can capture much power all at once before feeding it to the power grid.
This is commonly known as wind farms.
Wind power is renewable source of energy and reduces alliance on other countries for
supply of oil and gas. It does not cause any air pollution and have created several jobs in last
few decades. Advancement in technologies has brought down the cost of setting up wind
power plant. Wind energy can only be used in areas which experience high winds which
mean that it cannot be used as a source to extract energy anywhere on earth. They sometimes
create noise disturbances and cannot be used near residential areas.
These disadvantages have made the use of wind energy to particular regions only.
Geo means Earth and thermal means energy. Geothermal energy means energy
drawn or harnessed from beneath the earth. It is completely clean and renewable.
Geothermal energy has been in used since last several years. The earth contains a molten
rock called magma. Heat is continuously produced from there. The temperature increases
about 3 degrees Celsius, for every 100 meters you go below ground. Below, 10,000 meters
the temperature is so high, that it can be used to boil water. Water makes its way deep inside
the earth and hot rock boils that water. The boiling water then produces steam which is

captured by geothermal heat pumps. The steam turns the turbines which in turn activates
generators. Geothermal energy can be found anywhere on the earth. Most countries tap this
energy to generate electricity and power millions of homes. The areas which have high
underground temperatures are the ones which are the ones which are prone to earthquakes
and volcanoes. The United States produces more Geothermal electricity than any other
country in the world. Most hot water geothermal reservoirs are located in the western states,
Alaska, and Hawaii. If these resources are tapped and are utilized effectively, they can
provide solution to the worlds power problems.
It also results in significant cost savings as no fuel is required to harness energy from
beneath the earth. These advantages make geothermal energy as one the best alternative
energy source. But, geothermal has its downsides, too. It is suitable to particular region and
cannot be harnessed everywhere. The earth may release some harmful gases while releasing
the heat which may prove adverse from mankind. Also, the areas where this energy is
harnessed are prone to earthquakes and volcanoes. Apart from that, setting up of geothermal
power stations requires huge installation cost.
The energy of the moving water can be captured
and called as hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric power
stations capture the kinetic energy of moving water and
give mechanical energy to turbines. The moving
turbines then convert mechanical energy into electrical
energy through generators. Dams around the world
have been built for this purpose only. Hydropower is the largest producer of alternative
energy in the world.
There are different types of hydropower plants. The selection of hydropower plant
depends on many volume and flow of water. Hydropower is renewable, constant, predictable
and controllable source of energy. They emit no greenhouse gases and are environment
friendly. On the negative side, they may cause adverse effect on aquatic life, reduce flow of
water which may affect agriculture, require huge costs to build and may cause havoc if they
get breakdown.
Biomass is renewable source of energy as we would be
able to produce it as long as crops, plants and waste exist. This
is the process by which an alternative energy is generated
through conversion of biological materials and wastes into forms
that can be used as energy sources for heating, power generation
and transportation. Those carbon based substances or materials
converted over a long period of time to fossil fuels are not
regarded as biomass. However, in their original state they are
regarded as biomass. It has been around since ancient times
when people use to burn wood or coal to heat their homes or
prepare food. Wood still remains the most common source to
produce biomass energy. Apart from wood, the other products that are used to create biomass
energy include crops, plants, landfills, municipal and industrial waste, trees and agricultural
waste. It does not create any greenhouse gases and is can be easily extracted through the
process of combustion. Another advantage of biomass is that it helps to reduce landfills.
Biomass is comparatively ineffective as compared to fossil fuels. They release methane
gases which can be harmful to the environment.

Due to massive size of oceans, this energy can be used on

much wider scale than other alternative sources of energy. The
waves produced by the ocean and tides that hit the sea shore
have enormous potential in them. If they are harnessed with full
capacity they can go a long way in reducing worlds energy
problems. There are 3 types of ocean energy via which ocean
energy can be harnessed: tidal energy, wave energy and ocean
thermal energy conversion.
The main advantage of tidal energy is that it is completely renewable and is much more
predictable than wave energy.
These are some of the alternative energy sources that can be taken into consideration
when planning our future. We can harness any of these and will satisfy your power needs.
Task 5. Match the names of different types of clean energy with the description of their
peculiar features.
1. Hydropower
energy
2. Geothermal
energy
3. Renewable
energy
4. Biomass energy
5. Non-renewable
energy

6. Solar energy

a. The trick to using it as an energy source is being

able to convert it from visible light into heat,
electricity, or some other useful form.
b. It derived from hot dry rocks, magma, hot water
springs, natural geysers, etc.
c. Energy sources that exist in a limited amount on
Earth
d. The force of moving water is used to produce
energy.
e. The energy stored in it can be released by
burning the material directly, or by feeding it to
micro-organisms that use it to make biogas, a form
of natural gas.
f. Energy that comes from sources that cannot run
out or that can be endlessly replaced.

Task 6. Fill the gaps in the sentences, using the words and phrases from the box.
fossil fuels
capturing
splitting
harnessing
semiconductor

non-renewable
employed
application
viable
soaring

break away
combustion
gained
deprived
spacecrafts

flush
excavation
warmth
utilize
cost-effective

replenish
coal
benign
feasible
by-product

1. Energy comes from several different sources. These sources can be split into two main
categories: and renewable.
2. Non-renewable types of energy include the three major types of - coal, oil and natural
gas.
3. Oil leads with a share of about 40 percent of total world energy consumption, followed
by (24 %) and natural gas (22 %). All of these are burned to produce power.

4. Fossil fuels are relatively easy to use to generate energy because they only require a
simple direct .
5. However, a problem with fossil fuels is their environmental impact. Not only does their
from the ground significantly alter the environment, but their combustion leads to a great
deal of air pollution.
6. Uranium is an element that gives us nuclear energy by an atom's nucleus, and this
process is called fission.
7. Nuclear energy is a better source of energy because it doesn't put carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. But like all industrial processes, nuclear power generation has wastes:
tremendous steam of radioactive products and heat.
8. With the growing concerns over the environmental problems today (air pollution, global
climate change, massive flooding in river systems, etc.) and the price of non-renewable
energy sources , we have to take a closer look at the alternative energy sources.
9. Alternatives to the fossil fuels and nuclear power are renewable sources of energy and
they are considerably more attractive in many ways. Renewable sources are derived
and quickly from nature and usually do not pollute our environment when used to
generate electricity.
10. In the context of renewable energy, solar power is associated with the of the sun's
present emissions of heat or light.
11. One of the simplest and economical ways to solar energy is through solar thermal
systems.
12. Solar thermal technology is for collecting and converting the sun energy to heat
energy for application such as water and air heating, cooking and drying, steam
generation, distillation, etc.
13. Solar thermal technologies include solar heat collectors ( , evacuated-tube collectors)
and solar concentrating collectors.
14. The second main method for the sun's energy is through the use of photovoltaic (PV)
cells, also called solar cells.
15. Photovoltaic or solar electric panels use materials such as silicon to convert sunlight
to electricity.
16. Most solar cells are made from silicon because it is, so far, the most material.
17. Sunlight is composed of light energy in the form of photons. When these photons strike
the cell, some electrons in the cell material absorb sufficient energy to from their
atoms and flow through the material to produce electricity.
18. Panels can be mounted as well as tilted up.
19. More complicated systems provide electricity in remote places of grid power.
20. Solar photovoltaic panels are also applied in satellites and .
21. Passive solar energy is energy or obtained without any mechanical intervention.
22. Of all the solar energy technologies, photovoltaics show the greatest promise for
worldwide acceptance and .
23. Working photovoltaics are relatively simple in design, have no moving parts, need very
little maintenance and are environmentally .
24. In order for widespread generation of electricity using solar panels to be it needs to be
economically advantageous.
25. In order for solar panels to be an economically choice for the production of electricity,
production costs must go down and efficiency of the final product must go up.

Task 7. First, go through the questions. Second, stud the leaflet Tour to Chernobyl.
Have you ever heard about any ecological disasters? Can you tell us about them?
When did it happen? Why?
In your opinion, is it possible that we will have something like that again?
Tour to Chernobyl
Chernobyl is the most famous Ukrainian
phenomenon. If you plan to visit Ukraine or
are already in the country, dont miss the
most important and unique experience and
site.
The event, which got name "the
Chernobyl Disaster, has changed the
trajectory of our civilization development, it is the most evident contribution of Ukraine into
the global history. Its place the Chernobyl Zone, with the nuclear power plant (NPP),
which doesnt produce energy anymore but instead paradoxically consumes it, and an
abandoned ghost town of Pripyat, like a time machine, let
you see the events past and realize how both history and nature
works. The intricate ensemble of hundreds of impressive
technical and cultural monuments is surrounded and engulfed
by flourishing nature, which has gone wild in this area.
Radiation makes the zone particularly interesting. Now at the
ground there lays, in the thousand-times-decreased scale, a picture of contamination after a
large radiation incident the picture extremely intricate, interesting, representative also for
chemical accidents and terrorist attacks, and fortunately already safe for the visitors. Of
course, the Zone in its central part still has places with elevated radiation but if you follow
the suggested route and the guides directions, your visit to the
Chernobyl zone and Pripyat town will be absolutely radiationsafe.
The price includes: all formal permissions, comfortable auto
transportation Kiev-Zone-Kiev (air conditioning, viewing a
selection of documentary films on the route), professional
English-speaking guide, accommodation in Chernobyl hotel,
maximally permitted time of stay in the Zone (leaving Kiev
at 8.00 a.m., arriving back at 7.30 8.30 p.m.), extended program of
the visit, teaching skills of
PRICE: 89-1070$
No additional payments. Insurance is included.
radiation survival, compulsory
The earlier you book a trip, the cheaper it will
insurance, route map and personal
cost!
certificate about visit to the
Chernobyl zone.
Task 8. Answer the questions and share your opinion.

How safe does the tour to Chernobyl

look like?
Is there any shade of tragedy in the
presented text?
Is the tour worth the mentioned
price?

Is it a good source of income?

Are you interested in the offer?
Why do people visit such places?
What attracts them?
Why did the travel agency write
about Chernobyl in that way?

Task 9. Visit www.worditout.com and create your own word cloud. The topic is Chernobyl
is...
Task 10. Compare your word cloud to the cloud (A). Do they have much in common?
Study the word cloud (A) with the traditional descriptions of Chernobyl disaster.
A. Word cloud

Task 11. There is a list of key words traditionally used to describe Chernobyl disaster. Create
another list of key words that are used to describe the tragedy in the leaflet. Can they be
called antonyms?
Traditional description
Ecological disaster
The Chernobyl Disaster
Abandoned area
Contamination area
Exclusion zone
Radiation and nuclear health hazards
Wild nature

Advertising
The most famous Ukrainian phenomenon
Important and unique experience

Task 12. Read a tiny note describing the video which you are to watch in a couple of
minutes. What do you expect to see? Share your ideas and guesses. Watch the video
Exclusion Zone and mark the statements as True, False or Not Given. Share your thoughts
and impressions after watching the video.
Chernobyl was the site of the world's worst nuclear accident
and, for the past 27 years, the area around the plant has been known
as the Exclusion Zone. And yet, a community of about 200 people
live there almost all of them elderly women. These proud grandmas
defied orders to relocate because their connection to their homeland
and to their community are "forces that rival even radiation."

1. Holly Morris was really happy covering the 25 th anniversary of the world's worst nuclear
accident.
2. Geiger counter dosimeter was going wild at nuclear reactor number four.
3. Hiroshima and Chernobyl are considered by the speaker equivalents in terms of the
amount of radiation released.
4. Anyone can attend the area on their own.
Whats do you think about
5. Men and womens life span is approximately the
the information in the
video? Are you impressed?
same in the area.
6. All the settlers got permission to live in the dead zone.
7. Starvation is a topical issue for self-declared settlers.
8. The dead zone is full of life.
9. The World Health Organization puts the number of Chernobyl-related deaths at 40,000.
10. The ties to ancestral soil affect longevity.
Task 13. Translate the parts of the sentences into English. Watch the video for the second
time if you face difficulties with the translation.
1. Chernobyl's soil, water and air, are among the most highly () on Earth.
2. The reactor () at the center of a tightly regulated exclusion zone.
3. No human being should be living anywhere near the ( ).
4. Now around Chernobyl, there are scattered (-).

5. () doesn't scare me.

6. ( ) may not be the worst sort of devastation for these people.
7. Now everybody agrees that thyroid cancers are ().
8. These women who returned to their homes and have lived on some of (
) land on Earth for the last 27 years, have actually (
) their counterparts who accepted (), by some estimates up to 10 years.
Task 14. Are you for or against alternative sources of energy? If you havent made up your
mind, there is a video for you. Watch Nuclear Debate and group the following facts into
two sections depicting the arguments of each speaker in favor of his presentation. Add the
facts which are not listed there.
Alternative
1. A planet that is facing climate change is now half Non-renewable
Energy
urban.
Energy
David Fanton 2. A potential terrorist target.
Stewart Brand
3. Countries run out of good sites.
4. It is poisonous for hundreds of thousands of years.
5. It puts
out
more
carbon
dioxide, air
pollutants, enhances mortality.
6. No proper storage yet.
7. There is not much nuclear waste from lifetime of
electricity.
8. There was just one nuclear bomb created.
9. There's plenty of resource.
10. They sources are inconstant.

Task 15. Insert prepositions in to the following phrases.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Bombs dropped _
Impact _ smth
Thirst _ smth
To be fueled _
To be poisonous _ people
To be powered _ batteries
To be prone
To be subject _control

9. To confront smb _ smb else

10.To contaminate smth _ radioactivity
11.To deal _ problems
12.To do research _ solar power
13.To have solution _ hand
14. To refine smth _ smth
15.To rise _ a rate_ 2% per year
16.To spill radiation _ the atmosphere

Task 16. Provide synonyms.

1. Actual
2. Dead zone
3. Effective
4. Oil
5. Renewable
6. Resource
7. To address the problem

8. To be green
9. To have an effect
10. To mine
11. To pollute
12. To release
13. To run out of smth
14. To run out of smth

Task 17. Task II. Insert the words from the box into the text.
1. accident
2. climate
3. climate change
4. concern

5. increase
6. nuclear power plant (3)
7. preventative measures

8. protect
9. reactors
10. scenario
11. sea-level

Many (1) models predict an increase in hurricane intensity. Even if they are wrong,
existing (2) were built. This is not to say an (3) will happen every time a hurricane
passes by a (4). Unlike earthquakes, hurricanes can be predicted, allowing time for
preparation. Still, (5) are not always taken. For instance, during hurricane Francis in
2004 doors designed to (6) safety equipment from flying debris at the St Lucie (7) in
Florida were left open. Another cause for (8) is floods. All (9) are designed to withstand
a certain level of flooding based on historical data, but these figures do not take (10) into
account. Floods due to (11) rise, storm surges and heavy rain will (12) in frequency.
This isn't a hypothetical future (13).