Based on this experiment, we can discuss that we had conducted four tests.

These all
four tests are for proteins. Firstly, in biuret test we used albumin, peptone and casein. We
poured 2ml of each proteins solution into each test tubes. After that, we added 2 ml of 0.1M
solution sodium hydroxide and 5 drops of 1% copper(II) sulfate solution. So, as a result, we
got violet color for albumin and peptone but for casein it turns to pale violet color. However,
the expected result for peptone should be violet color. Besides, in precipitation of proteins by
heavy metals, we also used albumin, casein and peptone. We poured 2ml of each proteins
solution into each test tubes. Then, we added 4 drops of heavy metal solutiom such as cuprum
sulphate, mercuric nitrate and plumbum acetate into each proteins solution. After that, we
added another 5 drops of 0.1M cuprum sulphate. So as a result, for albumin that contain
cuprum sulphate it turns to cloudy blue, for mercuric nitrate it turns to brown with precipitate,
and for plumbum acetate it turns to cloudy blue. For casein that contain cuprum sulphate it
doesnt change, for mercuric nitrate it turns with precipitate and for plumbum acetate it turns
to cloudy blue with black precipitate. For peptone that contain cuprum sulphate it does not
change with mercuric mercuric
plumbum acetate it turns to light blue. Moreover, in precipitation of proteins by acid, we also
used albumin, casein and peptone. We poured 2ml of each proteins solution into each test
tubes. Then, we added 5 drops of acidic solution such as trichloroacetic acid, tannic acid and
picric acid into each proteins solution. After that we added 2ml of 0.1M sodium hydroxide.
So, as a result after we added NaOH, for albumin that contain trichloroacetic acid it has clear
precipitate and no change, for tannic acid it turned to dark brown and for picric acid it turned
light yellow,for sulphosalicyclic acid,it turned colorless with white precipitate. For casein that
contain trichloroacetic acid it has white precipitate and no change, for tannic acid it have no
precipitate and for picric acid it has precipitate trace while for sulphosalicyclic acid,it is
cloudy and no precipitate. For peptone that contain trichloroacetic acid it has colorless, for
tannic acid it has brown with precipitate solution and for picric acid it has yellow solution.
. Last but not least for isoelectronic point of casein, we used casein only. In this experiment
we had added 1 ml of casein into 10 test tubes and mix with HCL and NaOH into each tubes
with the given volume of both solution in the table. So as a result, for test tubes 1,it is lightly
cloudy and no precipitate,test tube 2 have pecipatet but colorless.test tube 3 have white
precipitate and slightly cloudy solution the tube 4 and 5 have cloudy solution with white

precipitate.the other tubes remain colorless and no precipitate.

In this experiment also, there are several errors such as the eyes not perpendicular to the
scale reading .Besides, reagent that we used are not pure. Moreover, the test tubes that we
used not completely dried.

So,we have some suggestion on way or precautions to overcome these errors. First, the eyes
must be perpendicular to the scale reading or the meniscus of the apparatus, so that we can
get the reading accurately. Besides, we have to make sure that reagent tat we want to use is in
pure condition. Last but not least, we have to make sure the test tubes that we want to use are
in completely dry conditions.