CHAPTER I: PROJECT BACKGROUND

AM broadcasting is the process of radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation (AM). AM was
the first method of impressing sound on a radio signal and is still widely used today. Commercial and public
AM broadcasting is authorized in the medium wave band worldwide, and also in parts of the long wave and
shortwave bands. Radio broadcasting was made possible by the invention of the amplifying vacuum tube,
the Audion (triode), by Lee de Forest in 1906, which led to the development of inexpensive vacuum tube
AM radio receivers and transmitters during World War I. Commercial AM broadcasting developed from
amateur broadcasts around 1920, and was the only commercially important form of radio broadcasting until
FM broadcasting began after World War II. This period is known as the "Golden Age of Radio". Today, AM
competes with FM, as well as with various digital radio broadcasting services distributed from terrestrial and
satellite transmitters. In many countries the higher levels of interference experienced with AM transmission
have caused AM broadcasters to specialize in news, sports and talk radio, leaving transmission of music
mainly to FM and digital broadcasters.
AM radio technology is simpler than frequency modulated (FM) radio, Digital Audio Broadcasting
(DAB), satellite radio or HD (digital) radio. An AM receiver detects amplitude variations in the radio waves at
a particular frequency. It then amplifies changes in the signal voltage to drive a loudspeaker or earphones.
The earliest crystal radio receivers used a crystal diode detector with no amplification, and required no
power source other than the radio signal itself. AM radio is broadcast on several frequency bands. The
allocation of these bands is governed by the ITU's Radio Regulations and, on the national level, by each
country's telecommunications administration (the FCC in the U.S., for example) subject to international
agreements. The frequency ranges given here are those that are allocated to stations. Because of the
bandwidth taken up by the sidebands, the range allocated for the band as a whole is usually about 5 kHz
wider on either side.
Frequencies between the broadcast bands are used for other forms of radio communication, and
are not broadcast services intended for reception by the general public.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_broadcasting
THE PROJECT
This project is focused on improving AM Broadcast Station. The project is designed for E-Sports
players and fans with a carrier frequency of 1458 kHz. The studio is located at The Philippine Bank of
Communications Tower, more commonly known as PBCom Tower at 6795 Ayala Avenue corner V.A. Rufino
Street, Salcedo Village, Makati City and the antenna is located at its transmitter at Barangay Marulas,
Valenzuela City.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES
This project aims to provide information for average people who play online computer games and
know about e-sports. It also provides the information of trades, events and tournaments of E-Sports
Facilitators.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To design an AM Broadcasting Station focused on E-Sports Events.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To design an AM Broadcasting Station that will provide information and events about ESports.
To design an AM Broadcasting Station that is under the standards by the National
Telecommunications Commission.
To provide a design under safety building and telecommunication codes.

PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The design targets The Philippine Bank of Communications Tower, which is 241 m (790.7 ft) tall
with an 119,905 m2 flooring area.
The equipment selection depending the manufacturers specification will affect the design on the following
equipments.

Production and Studio Equipment

Power Protection
Units

CD Players

Monitor Speakers

Mixers

Speaker Mounts

Microphone

Rack Mount

Silent Microphone
boom arms.

Amplifiers

Computer Automation Software

2

http://familypsalms.com/equipment/

Transmission Equipments

Transmitter

Receiver

Antenna

Audio Processors

Connectors

Cable

Equipment Racks

Power Protection Equipments

Computer Automation Software

Uninterrupted Power Supply

http://familypsalms.com/equipment/

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS

FIGURE 1.0

7th

End

6th

Implementation
Planning the Design and Location of the Transmitter, Studio and
Antenna

Gathering , Selecting and Deciding of Datas, Materials and

Qualifications of the Equipments

Searching for Informations and Details

5th
4th
3rd
2nd

Brainstorming for Ideas

1st

Start

AM Stations in Metro Manila

Frequency

Name

Format

Call
Sign

Covered
Location

558 AM

DZXL Radyo Mo
Nationwide! 558

News, and Public Affairs/Talk

DZXL

Metro
Manila

594 AM

Super Radyo DZBB

594

News and Public Affairs/Talk

DZBB

Metro
Manila

630 AM

DZMM Radyo Patrol

630

News and Current Affairs/Talk

DZMM

Metro
Manila

666 AM

DZRH Nationwide
666

News and Public Affairs/Talk; National Radio

DZRH

Metro
Manila

702 AM

702 DZAS Agapay ng

Sambayanan

Christian, News and Public Affairs

DZAS

Metro
Manila

738 AM

DZRB Radyo ng
Bayan 738

News and Public Affairs/Talk; Government Radio DZRB

Metro
Manila

774 AM

DWWW 774 The

Music of Your Life

News, Oldies

DWWW

Metro
Manila

810 AM

The Voice of The

Philippines DZRJ 810

News and Public Affairs, Talk

DZRJ

Metro
Manila

846 AM

Veritas 846 Radyo

Totoo

Catholic Radio, News and Current Affairs/Talk,

Drama

DZRV

Metro
Manila

882 AM

DWIZ 882 Todong

Lakas!

News and Public Affairs/Talk

DWIZ

Metro
Manila

918 AM

DZSR Sports Radio

918

Sports Radio, Talk radio, Sports Coverage

DWSR

Metro
Manila

Religious Radio (Iglesia ni Cristo), News

DZEM

Metro
Manila

News and Public Affairs Talk radio

DZAR

Metro
Manila

954 AM DZEM INC Radio 954

1026 AM

DZAR Sonshine
Radio 1026

1062 AM

DZEC Radyo Agila

1062

Educational Music News & Public Affairs

Religious Radio (Iglesia ni Cristo)/Talk

DZEC]]

Metro
Manila

1098 AM

DWAD Radyo
Ngayon

Religious Radio

DWAD

Metro
Manila

1134 AM

DWDD 1134 KaTropa Radio

News, Talk radio, Military Radio

DWDD

Metro
Manila

1242 AM

DWBL 1242 Serbisyo

Publiko

News, Talk radio, Entertainment

DWBL

Metro
Manila

1278 AM

DZRM 1278 Radyo

Magasin

News and Public Affairs, Talk radio, Lifestyle

Radio

DZRM

Metro
Manila

1314 AM

DWXI 1314
Religious Radio (El Shaddai), Talk radio, Drama DWXI
Himpilang Pinagpala

Metro
Manila

1350 AM

UNTV Radyo La
Verdad DWUN 1350

News, Public affairs programming, Music,

Religious Radio

DWUN

Metro
Manila

1494 AM

DWSS 1494
Entertainment Radio

Public Affairs, Talk, Love songs

DWSS

Metro
Manila

1530 AM

DZME 1530 Radyo News/Public Affairs/Talk/Entertainment/Religious

DZME
Uno
broadcasting/Music

Metro
Manila

1602 AM

DZUP 1602

College (University of the Philippines Diliman)

DZUP

Metro
Manila

List_of_radio_stations_in_Metro_Manila
Table 2.0
PROJECT SITE
The studio is located at The Philippine Bank of Communications Tower, more commonly known as
PBCom Tower, is an office skyscraper ranked officially as the tallest building in the Philippines since 2000.
It has a total ground to architectural top height of 259 metres (850 ft), with 52 storeys including an 8-level
radio tower. It is a joint development of Filinvest Asia Corporation (FAC) and the Philippine Bank of
Communications (PBCom). The building is the home of PBCom, one of the oldest Philippine banks. The
bank occupies the building's first ten floors, with a food court on the seventh floor. It is also home to a
competitor bank, EastWest Unibank, which is based in the building's twentieth and twenty-first floors, which
are controlled by Filinvest Land. The building is located at Ayala Avenue corner V.A. Rufino
6

Street in Makati, right inside the Makati Central Business District. The stretch of
Ayala Avenue where PBCom Tower is located also has the main branches of the
following banks Quadrant Information Services Inc., Metrobank, Bank of the
Philippine Islands, Banco de Oro(Equitable PCI Towers IⅈEquitable Bank Tower),
Export and Industry Bank. It houses international call centers such as Stream Global
Services,
Citibank,
Convergys,
HSBC
HDPP,
IBM
Daksh,
and
ICT.

http://www.pbcom.com.ph/index.html

FIGURE 2.1
PBCom Tower Spire, V.A. Rufino St, Makati, 1200 Metro

STUDIO LOCATION
Philippine Bank of Communications Tower 6795 Ayala Avenue corner V.A. Rufino Street, Salcedo Village,
Makati, Philippine
STUDIO LOCATION
FIGURE 2.2
TRANSMITTER LOCATION
7

C. Francisco, Lungsod ng Valenzuela, Kalakhang Maynila

TRANSMITTER LOCATION
FIGURE 2.3
FREQUENCY ALLOCATION AND PARAMETERS
The frequency allocation is 1458 kHz based on the frequency allocation given by National
Telecommunication Commission (NTC). The frequency band is medium frequency. Usually speech and
news, where a lower bandwidth will suffice; long range at night due to the ionosphere increasing in altitude.

Frequency

Name

1350 AM

UNTV Radyo
La Verdad
DWUN 1350

1458 AM

DZES
E-Sports
News and
Updates

Website

Format

Call Sign

News, Public
affairs
programming
, Music,
Religious
Radio
News
(Philippines
Current
Events,
About ESports)

DWUN

DZES

Live Stream

Covered
Location
Metro
Manila

Metro
Manila

1494 AM

DWSS 1494
Entertainment
Radio

Public Affairs,
DWSS
Talk, Love
songs
FREQUENCY ALLOCATION TABLE
FIGURE 2.4

Metro
Manila

Fc = 1458 KHz

Fusb= 1449 KHz

Fusb= 1467 KHz

Fm = 4.5 KHz

Fm = 4.5 KHz

BW = 9 KHz
FREQUENCY MAP
FIGURE 2.5
SITE SELECTION
We chose the Philippine Bank of Communications Tower to be our studio because of its location
and height ( Philippine Bank of Communications Tower rises up to 259 m) and its Transmitter at C.
Francisco, Lungsod ng Valenzuela, Kalakhang Maynila.

SITE
SELECTION
FIGURE 2.6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Location in relation to the population to be served.

Adequate space for immediate building needs and expansion purposes.
Trucking access and loading area if possible.
Accessibility from high speed and congested roads.
Has a minimum amount of high buildings in the area.

BUILDING PROGRAM
Program
Signing On
News

Monday

Tuesday

9:15AM
9:30 AM

9:15AM
9:30 AM

TIME / DAY
Wednesday Thursday
9:15AM
9:30 AM

9:15AM
9:30 AM

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

9:15AM
9:30 AM

10:15 AM
10:30 AM

10:15 AM
10:30 AM
10

(Philippines
Current Events)
News
(About E-Sports)

12:30 PM

12:30 PM

12:30 PM

12:30
PM

12:30 PM

1:30 PM

1:30 PM

DOTA2
League of
Time varies depending on how long the game is in every game
Legends
Announcement of winners
Starcraft II
Counter-Strike:
Announcement of winners
Global Offensive
*This list represents the top 4 out of 100 games in e-sports based on information published on the internet.
Fastbreak News

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:30 PM

3:30 PM

Signing Off

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM
*5:00 PM
*5:00 PM
DAILY SCHEDULE OF DZCD
TABLE 2.7

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

INDUCTIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TERRAIN

11

Types of Terrain

Inductivity

Conductivity

Absorption Factor at 50
miles 1000kHz

Sea Water, minimum

attenuation

81

4.64 x 10^-11

1.0

Pastoral, low hills, rich

soil

20

3 x 10^-13

0.50

Flat country, marshy,

densely wooded

12

7.5 x 10^-14

0.13

13

6 x 10^-14

0.09

13

4 x 10^-14

0.05

Pastoral, medium hills,

forestation,
mountainous territory
and sea coast

Pastoral, medium hills,

heavy clay
Soil

12

Rocky Soil, Steep hills

Sandy, dry, flat,

City, industrial areas,

average maximum
attenuation

14

2 x 10^-14

0.025

10

2 x 10^-14

0.024

10^-14

0.011

10^-15

0.003

INDUCTIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TERRAIN

TABLE 2.8

CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESIGN

Transmitter Link

13

Figure 3.1
Station Profile:
Call Sign:
Frequency:
Power:
Height of the Antenna:
Target Operation Location:
Program Format:

DZCD-AM
1377 kHz
20KW
178.67 ft
NCR
News and Esports

SERVICE AREA

Primary Service Area

Secondary Service Area
Intermittent Service Area

SERVICE AREA OF THE TRANSMITTER

FIGURE 3.1
Service Area Computation:
For the maximum power of 50 KW, the proponent gets the ratio of the service areas:
14

%Ratio=N/50 X100
N= power of the solid state transmitter
%Ratio= 20/50 x100
%Ratio = 40%
Primary= % Ratio x60km
Primary=.4x60km
Primary= 24km

Secondary= % Ratio x80km

Secondary=.4x80km
Secondary= 32km
Intermittent= % Ratio x120km
Intermittent= .4x120km
Primary= 48km
Digital Studio to transmitter link

STL Transmitters
Figure 3.3
General Description
The STL 2OM is our latest mono STL transmitter. This transmitter replaces the STL 10. There are a number
of changes that were made to make this the price value leader in mono STL products. The STL 20M is
synthesized has a new RF amplifier, as well as a cooling fan more power, reliable, cooler and easier to tune
thats the new STL 20M

15

STL RECEIVER
Figure 3.4
The SR 20M is the companion receiver to the STL
20M transmitter. This unit is fully synthesized and
can be operated in any frequency within the
specified band of operation. The STL 20M is a
single frequency receiver, but is fully synthesized
for great performance.

AM Station Call Sign

Figure 3.5
Programs

Program
Signing On
News
(Philippines
Current Events)
News
(About E-Sports)

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

9:15AM

9:15AM

9:15AM

9:30 AM

9:30 AM

12:30 PM

12:30 PM

TIME / DAY
Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

9:15AM

9:15AM

10:15 AM

10:15 AM

9:30 AM

9:30 AM

9:30 AM

10:30 AM

10:30 AM

12:30 PM

12:30 PM

12:30
PM

1:30 PM

1:30 PM

16

DOTA2
League of
Time varies depending on how long the game is in every game
Legends
Announcement of winners
Starcraft II
Counter-Strike:
Announcement of winners
Global Offensive
*This list represents the top 4 out of 100 games in e-sports based on information published on the internet.
Fastbreak News

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:30 PM

3:30 PM

Signing Off

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

*5:00 PM

Floor Plan of the Studio @ The Philippine Bank of Communications Tower

Figure 3.6

17

STK BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 3.7

18

Tower Layout @ C. Francisco, Lungsod ng Valenzuela, Kalakhang Maynila

Figure 3.8

19

Equipments
Microphone

Figure 3.9
Boom Arm

Figure 4.0

20

Power Amplifiers

Figure 4.1
Rack Mount

Figure 4.2

21

CD/DVD Players

Figure 4.3

Uninterruptable Power Supply

Figure 4.4

22

Audio Processors

Figure 4.5

Cables

Figure 4.6

Headphones

23

Figure 4.7

24