Conclusion

The test was performed correctly. As the result, we can able to study about the Standard Proctor
Compaction Test. Compaction is the process by which the bulk density of an aggregate of matter
is increased by driving out air. For any soil, for a given amount of comp active effort, the density
obtained depends on the moisture content. At very high moisture contents, the maximum dry
density is achieved when the soil is compacted to nearly saturation, where (almost) all the air is
driven out. At low moisture contents, the soil particles interfere with each other; addition of some
moisture will allow greater bulk densities, with a peak density where this effect begins to be
counteracted by the saturation of the soil
Discussion

Factors affecting Compaction

Water content of the soil
The type of soil being compacted
The amount of compactive energy used
http://www.intelligentcompaction.com/downloads/IC_RelatedDocs/SoilCmpct_Fundamentals
%20of%20Soil%20Compaction.pdf

BENEFITS OF SOIL COMPACTION

Compaction is the most popular technique for improving soils. The soil fabric is forced into a
dense configuration by the expulsion of air using mechanical effort with or without the assistance
of water. Certain advantages resulting from soil compaction have made it a standard procedure in
the construction of earth structures such as
1. Increased soil strength.
For the same density, the highest strengths are frequently obtained by using greater
compactive efforts with water contents somewhat below Optimum moisture content. Largescale experiments have indicated that the unconfined compressive strength of a clayey sand
could be doubled by compaction, within the range of practical field compaction procedures.
2. Increased load-bearing capacity.
Increasing density by compaction usually increases load-bearing capacity This effect ishighly
desirable in that it may allow the use of a thinner pavement structure over a compacted
subgrade or the use of steeper side slopes for an embankment than would otherwise be
possible.
3. Reduction in settlement (lower compressibility).

Densification by compaction prevents later consolidation and settlement of an embankment.

This does not necessarily mean that the embankment will be free of settlement; its weight
may cause consolidation of compressible soil layers that form the embankment foundation
4. Reduction in the flow of water (water seepage).
When soil particles are forced together by compaction, both the number of voids contained in
the soil mass and the size of the individual void spaces are reduced. This change in voids has
an obvious effect on the movement of water through the soil. One effect is to reduce the
permeability, thus reducing the seepage of water. Similarly, if the compaction is
accomplished with proper moisture control, the movement of capillary water is minimized.
5. Reduction in soil swelling (expansion) and collapse (soil contraction).
Change in volume (shrinkage and swelling) is an important soil property, which is critical
when soils are used as subgrades for roads and airfield pavements
6. Increased soil stability
.
7. Reduction in frost damage

http://www.intelligentcompaction.com/downloads/IC_RelatedDocs/SoilCmpct_Fu
ndamentals%20of%20Soil%20Compaction.pdf
Possible Errors
_ Excessive variation in total depth of compacted specimen. The extension of the specimen into
the collar of the mould should not exceed about ,and care should be taken that each layer is
nearly equal in weight.
_ Water content determination not representative of specimen