SUMMARY OF FOREIGN ARCHITECTS PHILOSOPHIES AND FAMOUS WORKS

ARCHITECT
FAMOUS WORK AND THER DATA
PHILOSOPHY/DICTUM
ALVAR, AALTO
-Sanatorio di Paimo, Finland
Architecture must create
Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto
buildings, which are conceived as
Finnish
a total artistic expression. His
buildings has always a touch of
emotion beyond sentimentality
and human beyond whimsy.
BEHRENS, PETER
-Turbinenfabrik, Germany
When a time comes for a
German
change, the outsider is needed
-modernist movement
because it has preserved the
-apprentices (Ludwig Mies van der
freshness of vision required to see
Rohe, Le Corbusier and Walter
what changes are necessary,
Gropius)
whereas the specialist may prove
-influenced worked of Gropius and
to be too inflexible
Mies van der Rohe
BREUER, MARCEL
Father of Furniture Architecture
Nature and Architecture are two
LAJOS
different things. Architecture is a
Hungarian
- Wassily Chair
Social Art

CANDELA, FELIX
Spanish-Mexican

FULLER,
BUCKMINSTER

American
COATES, WELLS
Canadian

GAUDI, ANTONIO
Spanish
- Casa Batll

GILBERT, CASS
American

-Los Manantiales, Mexico

- development thin shell made out of
reinforced concrete
-famous for thin-shell structures
-geodesic dome, carbon molecules
known as fullerenes
-invented the Geodesic Dome
- The Isokon Building

-Father of Fantastic Architecture

-He love to use hyperboloids and
paraboloids because he asserted that
the straight line belongs to man and
the curved line belongs to God
-Sagrada Familia (1882-present

Simplicity and functionality is

essence in design

Function has today an increasing

variety of forms to choose from
When you limit architecture to
aesthetic experiment, youre
making technology an end instead
of means

-He followed Beaux - Arts mode

which refers to historical and ecletic
design on a monumental device

- Woolworth Building
GROPIUS, WALTER
German

-founder of Bauhaus School

-Functionalism
-Assemble The Architect Collaborate
(TAC)

HORTA, VICTOR
Belgian

-his career reflects the movement of

art nouveau
-Htel Tassel, Brussels
- Maison Autrique

Art and Architecture/Technology,

the New Unity
Architecture begins where
engineering ends

-invented the term International Style You can not know history
- AT&T Building (1984)
Architecture is the art of how to
The Crystal Cathedral 2007.
waste space
American
-works were influenced by Mies Van
st
1 Pritzker Prize (1979) Der Rohe
GAY
KHAN, LOUIS
-what the building wanted to be
Architecture is reaching out for
American
the truth
- Salk Institute
A house is a house
Man lives to express
The artist is only a vehicle for
what always been
Mans first sense must have been
beauty, a sense of total harmony
JOHNSON, PHILIP
Philip Cortelyou
Johnson

KORUKAWA, KUSHO - one of the founders of the

Metabolist movement
Japanese
-The Nakagin Capsule Tower

Architecture should have the

element of growth and change

LATROBE,
BENJAMIN
British-American

-British neoclassical architect

- Bank of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

A building is the combination of

different geometric figures

LE CORBUSIER
Charles-douard
Jeanneret

-one of the pioneers of modern

architecture
-Modular System (Divine
Proportion), a grid base on the
stature of man, 89 in length and 112
cu. In. of space are standard of a 6
foot man
-Cubism

The house is a machine to live in

Five points of architecture:

-Ornament is a crime
Published Ornament and Verbrechen
-against art nouveau or fanciful
designs, anti-ornamentalist.
-believer of Engineering and
Plumbing

Suppy and demand regulate

architecture form

Swiss, French
- Villa Savoye
-Unite d Habitacion,
France

LOOS, ADOLF

Austrian and
Czechoslovak
- Looshaus in
Michaelerplatz, Vienna.

MACKINTOSH,
CHARLES
RENNIE

Scottish
- Glasgow School of
Art

Pilotis
Roof Gardens
Free facade
Free plan
Horizontal windows

-principal exponent of Bristish Art

Nouveau
-believed in the absence of external
decoration and subtlety of proportion
in structures
A bridge is like a hous. Each
bridge and each house is a
special case; each must be
constructed and shaped
according to the environment with
which it must cope and function it
is to have.

MAILLART, ROBERT
Swiss civil engineer

-revolutionized structural reinforced

concrete
-developed Concrete Mushroom
Construction

MENDELSON, ERICH

-Fluid Mass Theory means plasticity Architecture seizes upon space,

of concrete
encompasses space, and is
-known for his expressionist structure space itself
Architecture depends on the
sensous seizure by means of
touch and sight

Jewish-German
- Einstein Tower

LUDWIG, MIES VAN

DER ROHE
German-American

-last director of Berlins Bauhaus

-Rejects Form Follows Function

Less is more
Architecture is the will of an
epoch translated into space

- Barcelona Pavilion
-Farnsworth House
-Seagram Building
Structural correctness, which is
identical with functional, technical
and economic is a necessary and
sufficient condition of satisfactory

NERVI, PIER LUIGI

Italian
Structural engineer
NIEMEYER, OSCAR
-Brazilian
Oscar Ribeiro de
Almeida Niemeyer
Soares Filho

-loved for curved lines

aesthetic result
-Ministry of Education and Health, Rio Form follows beauty
de Janeiro
Architecture is invention
-Cathedral of Braslia, hyperboloid
structure

I.M. PEI (IEOH MING

PEI

-often called Master of Modern

Architecture
-known for his controversial glass
pyramid in the courtyard at Louvre
Museum in Paris
-brother of architect Gustave Perret

Chinese-American
PERRET, AUGUSTE

French
- Notre Dame du Raincy, France

- Bank of China Tower,

Hong Kong

Truth is indispensable t
Architecture and architectural lie
concepts

RICHARDSON,
HENRY
HOBSON
American

-believes in monumentality because

- Trinity Church, Boston
this gave 3 things : Continuity,
- Richardsonian Romanesque
Permanence, and Power of a building
to embody a heroic attitude

RUDOLPH, PAUL
MARVIN
SAARINEN, EERO

-former dean of the Yale School of

Architecture
-son of Eliel Saarinen
-invented the reflective glass
- TWA Flight Center
-Gateway Arch in St. Louis
-father of Eero Saarinen

Finnish, American

SARAINEN, ELIEL

Function influence but does not

dictate form
Beauty grows from necessity not
from repetition of formulas

SKIDMORE, OWINGS,
AND
MERRIL (SOM)
Louis Skidmore
Nathaniel Owings
John O. Merrill
SULLIVAN, LOUIS
HENRY
American

-use of international style or glass

box skyscraper
-due to faithful following of Ludwig
Mies Van Der Rohe s ideas, Frank
Llyod Wright nicknamed them The
Three Blind Mies
-Father of Skyscrapers and Father of
Modernism (in US)

TANGE, KENZO
Pritzker Prize

-Tokyo Olympic arenas

-Fuji TV Headquarters

Modern Architecture need not be

Western

-founder of modern European

Architecture

Architecture must meet 3

requirements: Strength, Beauty,
Utility
Nothing that is not practical can
be beautiful
Our starting point for artistic
creation is to be found only in
Modern Life

VITRUVIUS

WAGNER, OTTO
KCLOMAN
Austro-Hungarian

-Karlsplatz Station

Form Follows Function

WALLACE,
CHRISTOPHER
KIRKMAN
WREN,
CHRISTOPHER
English (later British)
WRIGHT, FRANK
LLOYD

American

YAMASAKI, MINORU
American
- World Trade Center

-introduced Thermal Glass at UN

Secretariat Building
-famous for his Tylon and Perisphere
for the 1939 New Yorks Trade Fair
-rebuilding 52 churches in the City of
London after the Great Fire in 1666

-Organic Architecture
Fallingwater
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Johnson Wax Headquarters
Taliesin
Taliesin West
Robie House

-Humanism
-master practitioner together with
architect Edward Durell

CESAR PELLI
Argentine United
States citizen

-Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur

DANIEL BURNHAM

Flatiron Building, NY

American

DANIEL LIBESKIND
-Polish-American

-Jewish Museum Berlin

-One World Trade Center (also known
as the Freedom Tower

FRANK GEHRY

- Guggenheim Museum Bilbao,

-Walt Disney Concert Hall, Gehry
-Residence, Louis Vuitton
- Jay Pritzker Pavilion, USA
- 1972 Munich Olympic Stadium
- Multihalle in Mannheim
- West Germany Pavilion

Canadian-born
American
Pritzker Prize 1989

FREI PAUL OTTO

German
- Pritzker Prize 2015
NORMAN FOSTER
British

Pritzker 1999

RENZO PIANO
Italian

Pritzker Architecture
Prize in 1998.
RICHARD MEIER
American

-'The Gherkin'
- The HSBC Building in Hong Kong.
-The Hearst Tower in New York City

Tjibao Cultural Center, New Caledonia

Kansai International Airport
The New York Times Building

Jubilee Church, Rome

Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art

Getty Center.

REM KOOLHAAS
Pritzker Prize (2000)

CCTV China

ROBERT VENTURI

Vanna Venturi House

American

Less is only more where more is

no good
Form follows function- that has
been misunderstood. Form and
function should be one, joined in a
spiritual union
His concept of architecture is one
of serenity and delight

SANTIAGO
CALATRAVA
Spanish

TADAO ANDO
Japanese

World Trade Center PATH station

El Auditorio de Tenerife
Athens Olympic Sports Complex
Church of the Light, Osaka
Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth

Pritzker Prize, 1995

JACQUES HERZOG
AND PIERRE DE
MEURON, Swiss

Allianz Arena
M. H. de Young Museum
Beijing National Stadium

ZAHA HADID
Iraqi-British
Pritzker 2004

MAXXI, Bridge Pavilion, Maggie's

Centre, Contemporary Arts Center

PAULO MENDEZ DA
ROCHA, Brazilian
RICHARD ROGERS

Paulistino Athletic Club

British

JEAN NOUVEL
French
Pritzker Prize 2008

Lloyd's building in 1991

Pompidou Centre

Torre Aiges de Barcelona (Agbar),

Barcelona
Culture and Convention Center (2000)
in Lucerne