RED TEXT means important.

Underline means questionable or refer to sir

1.) CMO (CHED memorandum order #14, UP DILIMAN 2009)
ARTICLE 1: The nurse assumes the caring role in the promotion and
restoration of health, prevention of disease, alleviation of suffering and, when
recovery is not possible, in assisting patients in achieving a peaceful death.
The nurse also collaborates with the other members of the health team and
other sectors to achieve quality heathcare.
#11 under the Key areas of Responsibility of the CMO is Collaboration and
Teamwork--which is one of the main focus of our study.
#1 of the CMO is Safe and quality nursing care. (Although its not exactly
quality of care--its close enough XD and we might need it) Under this, we
have 34 specific indicators. Theres also #4 and 5 (Legal responsibility, and
Ethico-moral responsibility). Lastly, theres #10 which is Communication.
For #10 Communication, it says here in the Indications box--Communication
Creates trust and confidence. It also Interprets and validates clients body
language and facial expressions. Additionally, it Utilizes effective channels
of communication relevant to client care management. It provides
reassurance through therapeutic touch, warmth and comforting words of
encouragement It also Provides therapeutic bio-behavioral interventions to
meet the needs of clients. It Contributes to decision making regarding
clients needs and concerns.. Recommends appropriate interventions to
improve client care. It Respects the role of the other health team. An
important aspect about communication is that it Maintains good
interpersonal relationships with clients, colleagues, and other members of the
health team. Refers clients to allied health team partners. Act as
liason/advocate of the client.
2.) Caring Behaviors perceived by Nurses and Students in Critical Care Units in
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospitals (Fatemeh Joonbakhsh,
Sona Pashaee et al, 2014)
Aim of study: To determine the caring behaviors which students and nurses
perceived to be most important
Caring - One of the most important components to human evolution and
survival (Lukes et al 2010)
Watson describes care as the Moral ideal of nursing
Caring preserves human dignity in cure dominated healthcare systems and
becomes a standard by which sure is measured (Watson et al 2009)
A process involving knowledge, action and consequences and described ten
factors which can be used to incorporate caring into practice in any clinical
setting (Leininger and McFarland et al 2006)
Morse et al represented caring actions as therapeutic interventions and
concluded that the expected outcome of caring intervention is improvement
in the welfare of patients (Morse et al, 1991)
Caring represents an essential human need and a fundamental component in
the nursing profession since defining of caring is difficult, due to its

complex nature, some nursing researches have tried to define caring

behaviors instead of Caring (Salimi and Azimpour et al, 2013)
Nowadays in caring the patient the highest emphasis is on perform caring as
qualitative and holistic which lead to promotion of nursing care quality
(Wolf et al, 2008)
Basically, high quality caring is the right of all patients and this important
fact is the duty of caring nurses (Widmark-Petersson et al, 2000)
Nursing as a practice-based profession requires that student learn how to
become professional in the clinical environment (Hassani et al, 2008) >>can
be used for definition of Student nurse
Many studies have addressed student nurses clinical learning and related
problems, but a major criticism of nursing education is related to explore
about caring behaviors that perceived by student (Lindahl et al, 2009)
****<<can be presented as a GAP.
This study was conducted in 2013. At 4 hospitals affiliated to Tabriz
University of Medical Sciences. The estimated number of respondents were
400. They used the CARE-Q instrument (most frequently used instrument for
caring in the world) The CARE-Q was developed by Larson for use of Qmethodology to identify nurse caring behaviors that are perceived as
important (Larson et al, 1987)
***VERY IMPORTANT: Increasingly high extent agreement between
students and nurses as to the importance of caring behaviors could have great
potential for improving the quality of nursing care (Lukes et al, 2010)

3.) The nature of nursing: Can we teach nurses how to care?

Caring in nursing: Emotional as well as physical engagement of nurses with
patients in order to improve their health outcomes and experiences (Costello
J. and Haggart M. et al)
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the notion of caring in
nursing and whether it is something that can be taught to undergraduate
student nurses in adult educational settings. The authors argues that caring
and its absence are of central importance to nursing as a concept and a
professional ideal ( Costello J. and Haggart M. et al)
We conclude that nurses can learn about how to care effectively in small
groups by developing their emotional intelligence, learning to engage with
patients, and developing therapeutic relationships
Most writers who try to analyze the nature of nursing describe the essence
of nursing as caring
Corbin (2008) argues that caring is an art which is at odds with the
conditions under which nurses are working today >> Griffiths (2008) in
response to Corbin argues that caring is something that is constantly
challenged in nursing and that it has to be nurtured within each individual
Appleton (1993), in her phenomenological inquiry using individual and
group interviews with both patients and experienced nurses identified metathemes which identified ways of being with clients/patients
Esser (1988) emphasized the importance of creating therapeutic
environment and McMahon identified the nurse-patient relationship as
fundamental to therapeutic nursing.

 Muetzell, McMahon, and Errser based their theories on experiences within

the Oxford and Burford nursing development units and their experiences
could be described as the beginning of an inductive theory.
(Watson et al., 1997, 1999, 2000) - Caring in nursing is based on a human
science based on a form of humanism(2002: 117)
****IMPORTANT: The need for nurses and others to develop a more caring
approach to recipients of the NHS is clearly evidenced by the number of
complaints received about lack of care, particularly at the end of life (Henry,
2008).
Moreover, lack of care associated with long-term conditions (Costello,
2008), older people (Ronning, 2003; HAS, 2000) and the mentally ill
(Healthcare Commission, 2008) indicates that the lack of quality care is
widespread through many institutional settings.
A number of authors highlight the invisibility of the patient when it comes to
personalizing care and the lack of individualized care received in hospital
from nurses and midwives, who remain disengaged from the patient (Rogers
et al., 2000; Rogan-Foy and Timmins & McCabe, 2005; Costa, 2001). Others
highlight a lack of proximity, a failure to use touch as a means of
communicating and an absence of compassion (Morrall, 2003). In some cases
patients complained of being denied information and treated with prejudice
because of their ethnicity (Davies and Bath, 2001).
It is clear that many of the problems associated with
providing quality care stem from organizational issues, such
as lack of time (Mackay, 1993), poor skill mix (Lawler, 1991)
and disempowerment on the part of the nurse (Costello,
2004). All of these can, and often do, make practitioners feel
as if they have neither the motivation, energy nor skill to
provide what the patient needs.
All too often nurses identify their role as a patient's advocate
despite the evidence suggesting that in the context of a
modern hospital trust, it is very difficult, if not impossible for
advocacy to become a reality (Willard, 1996; Mallik; 1997).
The reasons for this are argued to be a fear of stepping out of
line, whistle blowing and fracturing the team cohesion by
over stepping the mark and speaking out of turn by not
following the protocols adopted by the medical firm or the
nursing hierarchy
Student nurses need to experience therapeutic relationships
where they are valued, and interaction occurs which values
them as people, where teachers come alongside them as people
or professional friends, (not simply because of their label student).
the student to build these relationships within their own
practice (with patients). Mentors, managers and lecturers
need to learn how to unleash the human potential of their
students.
4.)