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Digitizing Oscilloscope
DigitizingOscilloscope
DSO90000/9000SeriesScope
/
p
PresentedbySandyChang

Time Domain
Measurements

Amp
plitude

TimeDomainvs.FrequencyDomain

Frequency Domain
Measurements

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Tomeasure456MHzsignal,
whichscopedoIneedtouse?

456 MHz Sine Wave

456 MHz Square Wave

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FrequencyResponse
q
y
p
Compare
p

Sine Wave Frequency Response

Square Wave Frequency Response

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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000A Feature

Lab Practice

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Bandwidth
ScopeBandwidthDefinition:
p
g
p ,
Inputfixedvoltagesinewavetoscope,thenincreasethe
frequencyofsinewaveuntilscopemeasuredvoltageis0.707
timestheoriginalvoltage(or3dB),thefrequencyisthe
scopebandwidth.
b d dh

1V

1V

0.707V

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Comparison of Responses for 1 GHz, 4 GSa

Oscilloscope
p
-3dB @ 1 GHz

Aliased frequency
co te t
content

Gaussian response has

more error in the
passband compared to
passband,
Flat response

Gaussian Response allows signal beyond

the Nyquist frequency to be sampled,
resulting a alias error (Wobble)
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Bandwidth
What does a 50MHz digital signal look like?

60MHz
Scope
100MHz
Scope
350MHz
Scope
500MHz Scope
S
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Bandwidth
Scope BW Can Affect Your Digitized Signal

AffectsSignalby:
SlowingRiseTime
Slowing Rise Time
AttenuatingAmplitude
tr

tr

Causedby:
Attenuator/Amplifier
AlsoAccountForProbing
Accessories
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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000A Feature

Lab Practice

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Sampling
Sampling Techniques

RealTime(SingleShot)
EquivalentTime(Repetitive)
Equivalent Time (Repetitive)

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Sampling
Real Time (Single Shot) Technique

UsedwitheitherRepetitiveorSingleShotSignals
AllSamplesAreTakenFromaSingleTrigger
SamplesfromPreviousTriggersareErased
SampleRateMayLimitScopesOverallBandwidth
BestResolutionDependsDirectlyonSampleRate

Each
Trigger
Identical
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Sampling
Equivalent Time (Repetitive) Technique

UsedONLYwithRepetitiveSignals
Used
ONLY with Repetitive Signals
SamplesFromPreviousTriggersMaintained
Multiple Trigger Events Build Up Waveform
MultipleTriggerEventsBuildUpWaveform
SampleRateisNotaMajorFactor
Best Resolution Determined by Trigger Hardware
BestResolutionDeterminedbyTriggerHardware

1st Trigger
2nd Trigger
3rdd Trigger
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Sampling
Aliasing
li i
Aliasing
g occurs when the sample
p rate is too low. What
appears is an incorrect waveform of a lower frequency due
to undersampling of the waveform.
Original
Aliased
signal

Sample points
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Bandwidth&SamplingRate
How Much Bandwidth is Enough?
KnowYourSignalsFastestRiseTime,tr
CalculateYourSignalsBandwidth,BWsignal

BWsignal =0.5/tr (for10%to90%thresholds)

BWsignal =0.4/tr (for20%to80%thresholds)

Calculate
CalculateNeededScopeBandwidth,Bw
Needed Scope Bandwidth Bwscope
Gaussian Response:Forapplications<=1.0GHzBW
BWscope =2
2 *BW
BWsignal
(for 3% error)
i l (for3%error)
SRscope =4 *Bwscope

FlatResponse:Forapplications>1.0GHzBW
BWscope =1.4*BWsignal (for3%error)
SRscope =2.5 *BWscope

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Bandwidth&SamplingRate
Real Time (Single Shot) Example: Serial ATA-II

FastestRiseTime,tr =67ps (20%to80%thresholds)

BWsignal =0.4/tr =0.4/67ps =5.97GHz
BWscope =1.4*BWsignal =1.4*5.97GHz =8.358GHz (Fora3%error)
SRscope =2.5
2 5 *BW
* BWscope =2.5
2 5 *8.358GHz
* 8 358GHz =20.895GSa/s
20 895 GSa/s
Withsin(x)/xInterpolation,UseaFactorof2.5
Withoutsin(x)/xInterpolation,UseaFactorof5
Without sin(x)/x Interpolation Use a Factor of 5
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SystemBandwidth
Theoscilloscopebandwidthrequiredforaccuratemeasurementsis
primarily dependent on the signalssrisetime,notitsfrequency.
primarilydependentonthesignal
rise time not its frequency
Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Accuracy
Determine Maximum
Signal Frequency (Fmax)
Determine Oscilloscope
Response Type
Risetime Measurement
Error
20%
10%
3%
Minimum Sample Rate

0.5 / Signal Risetime (10%-90%)

OR
0 4 / Signal Risetime (20%-80%)
0.4
(20% 80%)
Gaussian Response

Flat Response

Oscilloscope Bandwidth
1.0 Fmax
1.3
1
3F
Fmax
2.0 Fmax
4 x Bandwidth

1.0 Fmax
12F
1.2
Fmax
1.4 Fmax
2.5 x Bandwidth
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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000A Feature

Lab Practice

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Memory
Purpose of Memory In Digitizing Scopes
EverySampleMustbeStoredinMemory
DeeperMemoryStoresMoreSamples
LongerPeriodsofTimeCapturedAlsoMeansMoreSamples
toStoreifSampleRateistobeMaintained

14

16 43 122

176

232 231 229

228

Scope Memory
y

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Memory
How Much Memory is Enough?
=X
Memory Depth = Sampling Rate X Tp
(Tp=Time Across Screen)

Sample R
S
Rate (Sa//s)

2G
1G
100M
10M
1M

Tp = 100us/div*10 div=1ms, SR=10M,

Memory=1ms*10M=10K

100K

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TodaysMeasurementChallenges
Why Do You Need Deep Memory?
Memory Depth = 5 pts

Memory Depth = 50 pts

Time Across Screen = 1 sec

Time Across Screen = 1 sec

Sample resolution: 200 msec

Sample resolution: 20 msec

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DSA/DSO90000AScopeAcquisition
Board

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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000A Feature

Lab Practice

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Education Center

TriggeringModes
gg
g
Why Trigger?
Reference Time zero measurements
Focus Capture point of interest

T0

Auto For set-up purposes

If no trigger found, triggers automatically
Triggered Normal
Auto-rearm after event, Updates on each event
Single Manually arm trigger
trigger, 1 Update per arming
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TriggeringModes
gg
g
What Triggering Capabilities Are Needed?
Edge
Glitch
Advanced
PatternTriggering
Delay
PulseWidth
SetupandHold
Transition
Holdoff Time
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25

HoldoffbyTime/Events
y
1st
Trigger

2nd Trigger
X sec

Trigge
r
x
Level

Holdoff By X Seconds
1st
Trigger
Trigge
r
x
Level

2nd Trigger
2

3
x

Holdoff By 3 Events

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PulseWidth/GlitchTrigger
gg
Trigger on channel 1 - low when present for < T sec
Trigger

T
CH 1

Anyone want to go glitch hunting??

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Pattern/StateTriggering
gg
g
Definition: trigger on pattern HHLL
when T1 ENTERED
T2 EXITED

T1 T2
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4

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DelayedTriggeringbyTime/Event
y
gg
g y
Definition:
1) Arm on an edge on any channel
2) delay by time or number of events
gg on an edge
g on any
y channel
3)) then trigger

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ViolationTriggering
gg
g
Setup and Hold
Find a P
Pulse
lse Witho
Withoutt Proper Set
Setup
p and/or Hold Times

Transition
Find Edge Too Fast or Too
Slow

Pulse Width
Find a Pulse Too Narrow, Too
Wide, or Within a Range

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SequentialTrigger
q
gg

Sequentialtriggeringallowsyoutousemultipleeventsortime/pattern
qualificationstodefineyourtrigger.

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InfiniiScan
Workslikehardwaretriggers(thinksoftwarefinder)
Usespostprocesssearch
Uses post process search
Typesofsoftwarefinders:

SpecifiedMeasurement
Specified
Measurement
ZoneQualify(2sizeablezones)
General Serial Pattern (up to 80 bits)
GeneralSerialPattern(upto80bits)
NonMonotonicEdge
g
Runtsignalfinder

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InfiniiScan
Zone Qualify
must / must not
must
pass zones
General Serial
Software Trigger can
isolate events up to
80 bit

Runt software finder

finds Runt signal like
the hardware
solution
Non-monotonic Edge
finder isolates nonmonotonic edge no
hardware solution
can

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Summaryy
When Selecting the Right Digitizing Scope:
WhenSelectingtheRightDigitizingScope:
FromSignalsRiseTime,CalculateBandwidth
DetermineSamplingTechniqueToBeUsed
In Real Time Sampling Calculate Sample Rate
InRealTimeSampling,CalculateSampleRate
FromRequiredTr andTp,CalculateMemoryDepth
When4ChannelsAreNotEnough,LooktoanMSO
AccountforWhatTriggeringModesareRequired
gg
g
q
EvaluateforEaseofUse
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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000A Feature

Lab Practice

35

Education Center

SystemBandwidth?
The Weakest Link Determines the System BW

Accessory BW Probe BW

Scope BW Sampling
S
li Speed
S
d

Accessories
Probe BW limitations
Characteristic impedance decrease:
loading
Non-flatness of
Transmission
Peaking
Line
Damping Resistor

Accessories are the key to probe signal integrity

Thats the importance of probing!
Accessories = Between probe amp and DUT
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ProbeisPartoftheCircuitUnderTest

Theprobetipcandirectlychangetheresponseofthecircuit
The probe tip can directly change the response of the circuit

undertestbecauseofloadingeffects
Theprobeandoscilloscopeareincludedintheoverallsystem
The probe and oscilloscope are included in the overall system

response,affectingthemeasurement
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ProbeLoadingg
Ideal Probe:
R
Circuit Under Test

Ci it U
Circuit
Under
d T
Testt

Probe

Probe

ZZSource
source

R probe

R
Probe

Probe
C Cprobe

L Probe
L probe
Resistive, capacitive and inductive probe loading effects.
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ResistiveLoadingg
R source
+ 5V

+ 4.5V

110 K W
R probe
1M

Vin

+ 0.8V

+ 0.72V

Vout

Effects

Rprobe
Vout =
x Vin
source
Rprobeat the
The amplitude R
and
DC+offset
node under test are 1M
reduced.
=
x Vin
110k + 1M
Customers circuit is malfunctioning
= 0.9009
0 9009
Vi
Vin
but starts working
when
a probe is
attached.

Recommendation
R probe > 10R source for less than
10% amplitude reduction

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CapacitiveLoading
R probe

C probe

R = R probe // R source
Waveform without Probe

Rise Time ~ 2.2RC

Propagation Delay

R =

RSource RProbe
RSource + RProbe

Effect

Recommendation

Rise time is slowed, bandwidth is

reduced and propagation delay is
p
loading
g
increased due to capacitive

Minimize probe tip capacitance in

order to reduce its effects on the
observed risetime of the circuit under
test
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InductiveLoadingg
Z source
R probe
W

C probe

L probe

Effects

Recommendation

Ringing is induced because of the

inductive effects of the probe ground
lead.

Use as short a ground lead as possible

(ground wire inductance = 1nH/mm)

Measurements will be wrong due to

ringing.
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PassiveProbes
Compensated High-Resistance Passive
Divider Probes

Features:

Highest resistance

Adjustable compensating
capacitor for scope input matching

High dynamic range

Applications:
General purpose probing
High impedance (> 10 K nodes)
Summing
g junctions
j
in op
p amps
p
where junction is not at DC ground

Customer Benefit:
Rugged
R
d vs. an active
ti probe
b
Low cost

Tradeoffs:
Lowest bandwidth
Heaviest capacitive
loading
g
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ActiveProbes

Features:
Best overall combination of:
n
resistive loading
n
capacitive loading
High bandwidth

Customer Benefit:
Less loading
See high
g frequency
q
y
components
Better rise time measurements

Applications:
ECL circuits
CMOS circuits
Analog circuits
GaAs
Transmission lines
Source resistances between 0 and 10K

Tradeoffs:
Higher
Hi h costt
Large size of tip
Limited input dynamic range
Needs power source
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DifferentialProbes

Features:
Controls for DC offset, DC reject
coupling, and DC coupling
Common mode rejection
Applications:
Measuring signals not referenced
to ground
Looking at differential amplifiers
Troubleshooting power supplies

Customer Benefit:
Ease of viewing of small signals on large
DC offsets or common mode signals
Accuracy
Tradeoffs:
Bulky
More expensive
Gives up some dynamic range vs 2
passive probes
Does require use of an external
power supply
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InfiniiMax I&II1.5~13GHzProbing
Model #

1130A

1131A

1132A

1134A

1168A

1169A

Bandwidth

1.5GHz

3.5GHz

5GHz

7GHz

10GHz

12GHz
(13GHz Typical)

Input Capacitance Cm = 0.10 pF, Cg = 0.34pF, Cdiff = 0.27pF, Cse = 0.44pF

Input Resistance
Input Dynamic
Range
Max Signal Slew
Rate
Noise Ref to
Ground
Max Input V
ESD Tolarence
Probe Heads

Cm = 0.09 pF, Cg = 0.26pF,

Cdiff = 0.21pF, Cse = 0.35pF

Differential = 50kW, Single End = 25kW

5.0V p-p, 2.5V

3.3V p-p, 1.65V

18V/ns with Signal End Signal, 30V/ns with Diff Signal

25V/ns with Signal End

Signal, 40V/ns with Diff
Signal

3.0mVrms

2.5mVrms

30V peak
peak, CAT I
> 8kV from 100pF, 300W HBM
E2675A 6GHz Diff Browser, E2676A 5.5GHz Single End Browser, E2677A Diff
Solder-in, E2678A Diff/SE Socket, E2679A SE Solder-in, E2695A 8GHz SMA, N5380A
13GH SMA,
13GHz
SMA N5381A 12GH
12GHz Diff S
Solder-in,
ld i N5382A 12GH
12GHz Diff B
Browser
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InfiniiMax I&II1.5~13GHzProbing

E2675A
Diff Browser
E2676A
Single-end Browser

E2677A
Diff Solder-in
E2679A
Single-end Solder-in

E2677A
Diff Solder-in

E2678A Diff
Socket

E2679A
Single-end Solder-in

E2678A Diff
Socket
N5382A Diff
Socket
N5380A Diff SMA
N5381A Diff Solder-in

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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000/9000 Feature

Lab Practice

47

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DSA/DSO 90000A Series Scopes

DSA/DSO90000ASeriesScopes

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SerialDecode

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JitterAnalysisSoftware
TJ
Bounded (p-p)

DJ

Measuring BER with EZJIT+. Software indicates

actual measurement vs
vs. expolatation with
difference in the color.

Composite Histogram view gives overall idea

of jitter distribution at once.

Unbounded (RMS)

RJ

PJ DCD ISI

ISI filter can be used to isolate ISI jitter in

y mode.
arbitrary

Indicates the fastest edge vs. the slowest

edge
d

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AgilentChannelAnalysisTools
TP0

Txn

TP2

Ch
l
Channel

I fi iiSi Waveform
InfiniiSim
W
f
Transformation
T
f
i
Toolset SW

TP3

Conn
nector

EQ

Conn
nector

+
Tx
-

Txp

TP1

TP4

Rxp

Rxn

EQ

+
Rx
-

Serial
S
i l Data
D
Equalization SW
N5461A

N5465A

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ComplianceApplicationSoftware

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Agilent Infiniium 9000

AgilentInfiniium9000

3 in 1
3-in-1
Instrument
Scope
Logic Analyzer
Protocol Analyzer

Applications
25 applications
pp
Protocol trigger and view
Compliance test

Space
Biggest display
Thinnest depth
Lightest weight

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Agilent Infiniium 9000

AgilentInfiniium9000
3-in-1 Instrument

Scope:
Up to: 4 GHz BW, 20 GSa/s, 1 Gpts
Powerful triggering
Packed with rich features/analysis.
Logic Analyzer:
16 integrated channels
128 Mpts std memory, up to 2 GSa/s
Precise analog + digital triggering
Protocol Analyzer:
I2C, SPI, CAN, RS-232/UART, USB,
PCIe, 8B/10B
HW trigger
i
and
d decode
d
d
First scope with multi-tab viewer
Phy to protocol time correlation

Deepest
p
memory
y
Fastest deep-memory
update rate
On + Off- screen data
capture
p

Deepest memory
Segment memory
Symbols, pseudo state

PCIe, USB
Multi-tab viewer
Time-correlation marker

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Agilent Infiniium 9000

AgilentInfiniium9000
Applications

25 supported applications.
50 & 1M inputs
Protocol trigger and view:
I2C, SPI, RS-232/UART,
CAN, USB, PCIe, 8B/10B

4 new protocol
t
l analysis
l i
applications
I2C/SPI
RS232/UART
RS232/UART
PCIe
USB

Compliance test: USB 2.0,

DDR 1, 2, 3 (to 800 MHz),
Ethernet (10/100/1000-T)
( /
/
)
Other apps: InfiniiScan,
Jitter, MATLAB, Comms
mask,
k FPGA D
Dynamic
i
Probe, VSA, Power
Analysis, UDF, Equalization,
De-embedding, MATLAB,
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Agenda
g
Key Spec. of an Digitizing Oscilloscope
Bandwidth
Sampling
p g
Memory Depth
Triggering Modes
Probe

DSA/ DSO 90000A Feature

Lab Practice

56

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Thankyou!
57

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