REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

1.0

INTRODUCTION TO CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

In construction projects, a project was guaranteed accessed with a valid contract that has
been agreed by the client and contractor. The contract means an agreement between two or
more parties. In construction, usually the contract is between the client and the contractor
which is occurring when contractor accepts the offer from the client.

In contract agreement, the project should be built regarding the payment agreed in a
period of time. If theres any argument, a contract can be controlled by law and it cannot be
solved by consulting. Therefore, all contracts must be based on an agreement although not
all the agreement automatically becomes a contract. Ahmad (2009) after the issuing time all
of the instruction in the document is automatically valid. After the contract is signed, all
conditions of the contract are genuine for the contractor to start the work diligently and
regularly to achieve the required time and quality.

In contrast, all clients demands can be expressed in contract with help from a
consultant as representative to explain the detail of the project that will build. Consultants
especially Quantity Surveyor must study detailed about the client requirements to state in the
contract that will sign by the contractor and client. All skills and experiences are important for
a Quantity Surveyor to make a contract which contains all clients demand for making sure
the contractor understand and responsible on it.

A contract must be made by referring the related standard form as a basis. For
example in government project the contract are formed by referring PWD 203A standard
form meanwhile for private project the contract are formed by referring PAM 2006 standard
form of contract. The purpose of referring the standard form is to avoid parties in contact are
exposed to dispute. If any dispute occurs, the standard form will save the parties because all
conditions in the contractare referring to standard form.

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

The presence of technology today is very helpful in preparing all the requirements for the
project to runs smoothly. Jett (2014) technology developments have make all that wprks
easier. A contract is a kind of writing deal which has been dealt when a party accepting an
acceptance from another party. Basically a contract exists according to these items:-

1.1

Offerer
According to Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1974) Section 2 (A), an offering is when
somebody makes a suggestion and tell to other people about their intention whether
to organize something in getting an agreement purposes.

1.2

Acceptance
According to Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1974) Section 2 (B), an acceptance is
accepting somebodys suggestion without forcing anyrules. Terms and conditions are
not valid and can not be forced by contract law. Johny (1951) said that when an
acceptance is qualified or when it places additional conditions on the offer, there can
be no contract unless that qualification or the condition is accepted by the other party.

1.3

Consideration
Consideration is an act done by the acceptor. The consideration act normally done by
words and behave.

1.4

Intention
The intention is to make relation between two parties in a kind, honorable and
sincere way without putting out the instruction in the contract.

1.5

Legality
All of the deals between offerer and acceptor can not cross the governments laws. It
is stated in accord to Contract Act 1950 (Semakan 1974)

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

1.6

Contract Relation which Can be Performed

Before it been powered, parties which is involved have to make sure the deal is not
being a bargain one of the parties till itll make any problems between them.

1.7

Capability
It is mean bad performance in past time. Mistaken works not follow the deal, across
the validity period is a part of the handicaption.

2.0

EXTENSION OF TIME (EOT)

2.1

INTRODUCTION

Extension of time means the additional time granted to the contractor to complete the works
beyond the original date of completion. The main obligation of the contractor is to complete
the work within the stipulated time. If the works are not completed within time due to defaults
on the contract or the S.O/ Architech will issue the certificate of non-completion of the
contract, the contractor must continue the work until complete and the contractor will be
charged with Liquidating Ascertain Damages (L.A.D) during the period of delay if the delay is
cause of contractor default. If no completion date specified the contractor must be completed
the work within stipulated time and the employer cannot impose L.A.D for late completion.

Most of building contract contains express provision for the contract period to extend
under certain circumstances. Such provisions are benefits to contractor because he will not
be liable to pay damages for delay during the validity extended time. The time for completion
can only be extended where the contract permits and strictly in accordance with the contract
provision. Justia (1981) said that the contractor may delay damages due to owner-caused
delays the project.

2.2

GROUNDS FOR EOT

Based on PWD 203A and PAM 2006, the main categories of defaults for delay in completion
are:
3

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Defaults of contractor The contractor is not entitled toan extension of time

and cannot also claim for loss and expense.
Defaults of employers/ S.O The contractor is entitled for EOT and can claim
for loss and expense.
Defaults of neitherparty (not within contractor and employer control)
-

The contractor is entitled for EOT but cannot claim for loss and expense.
The burden of such delay is shared by both parties.

The contractors claim for EOT must be based solely the following events:
2.2.1

Force majeure
-

Overwhelming circumstances that make the execution of the contract

impossible for instance, the circumstances that prevent the contractor
from performing his obligation.

2.2.2

For example: nuclear explosion, war, insurrection etc.

PWD 203A : Clause 58

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(a)

Exceptional inclement weather

-

For example, extreme hot weather, very heavy rain etc.

A contractor must show the evidence for example evidence from

meteorology department, site weather record etc.

2.2.3

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(b)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(b)

Suspension of work
-

The S.O/ Architech can at any time for whatever reason issue instruction
to stop the work.

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

For example, an employer faced financial difficulty due to the sudden

global economic downturn.

2.2.4

PWD 203A : Clause 50

PAM 2006 (with quantities): Clause 30.7, 30.8 & 23.8(w)

Direction regarding dispute with neighbour.

-

S.O/ Architech issued an instruction to stop works due to complaint

fromneighbors about noise, pollution from work and etc.

2.2.5

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(d)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(s)

S.O/ Architechs instruction

-

For example, removal of materials and work from site, opening for
inspection and etc.

2.2.6

2.2.7

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(e)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 1.4, 11.2 & 21.4

Contractor not receiving instruction on time from S.O/ Architech.

-

The delay is due to the negligence or defaults of the S.O/ Architech.

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(f)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(e)

Delay in giving site posession.

-

The employer has a right to defer the site posession.

If the possession date is deferred, completion date must automatically

defer.

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(g)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(f)

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

2.2.8 Delay in executing work by others

-

The employer has a right to bring in another person to do works not

performing part of the contract.

2.2.8

2.2.9

The contractor can claim for EOT if the delay caused by others.

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(h)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(j)

Delay in securing materials for the works

-

Provided the reasons of delay are beyond the contractors control

The contractor cannot foresee the problem at the time of closing tender.

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(i)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(k)

Delay by nominated sub-contractor

-

Delay by nominated sub-contractors and supplier due to the same

grounds for EOT for contractor.

PWD 203A : Clause 43.1(j)

PAM 2006 (with quantities) : Clause 23.8(h)

Additional provisions regarding events causing of delay in PAM 2006 (with quantities) are:
a) Re-nominated of nominated sub-contractor (Clause 23.8(i))
b) Delay or failure in the supply of materials and good which the employer had agreed
to supply (Clause 23.8(k))
c) Any act of prevention or breach of contract by the employer (Clause 23.8(c))
d) War damage (Clause 23.8(n))
e) Delay caused by any appropriate authority etc (Clause 23.8(q))
f)

Delay as result of execution of work for which a Provisional Quantities is included in

the BQ etc (Clause 23.8(t))

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

g) Failure of the employer to give in due time entry to or exit from the siteetc. (Clause
23.8 (u))
h) Any other ground for EOT expressly stated in the contract.

2.3

PROCEDURE FOR CLAIM EOT

Procedures of claim for EOT is stated in both standard form of contract. The procedure
should be used in every occasion that delay occurs. In PWD 203A the provision are put
under Clause 43.1 meanwhile in PAM 2006 (with quantities) are put under Clause 23.1
which are stating if contractors are seeing the delay becoming apparent, he should apply for
EOT to S.O/ Architech. The contractor must give written notice to S.O/ Architech stating the
causes of delay and relevant event with supporting documents to apply EOT. The procedure
as below:-

Delay becoming apparent

Contractor claim for EOT:

a) Architech
Causes ofdecision:
delay
S.O/
b)
Estimated
length
Is the causes of delay are according to the
of delay
standard
form of contract

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

S.O/ Architech decision:

will overall completion of works likely to to be
delayed?
S.O/ Architech to
reject contractors
claim

S.O/ Architech to
estimate lenght of
delay

Contractor can
contest S.O/
Architechs decision
through arbitration)

S.O/ Architech will

issue Certificate of
delay and EOT
Figure 1: Procedure for EOT
2.4

REGISTERING CLAIMS
PWD 203A (Rev. 2010)

PAM 2006 (With Quantities)

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Clause 43.1

Clause 23.1 (a)

The contractor is to initiate the EOT

The contractor must submit 2 written

process by giving written notice to S.O

notice to Architech for application EOT .

The notice must be submitted in 28 days

The

notice

must

content

sufficient

information to enable S.O to decide on

from the date of Architech Instruction or

start of the relevant event.

the validity of the application. The notice

The content of first notice :

includes:
a) Causes of delay by stating specified

a) Initial estimate of EOT

events.
b) Particular of causes of delay
b) Information to support the claim.
If the contractorfails to submit the notice
c) Particulars of likely effects.

in 28 days, he cannot grant for EOT.

d) Estimate of length of delay.

Clause 23.1 (b)

If no application from contractor:

a) The

contractoris

considered

The contractor submits a final claim for

as

waiving his right to claim for EOT

EOT.
The content of claim is all particular for

b) S.O may still grant him reasonable

EOT if the S.O in his opinion that
delays occur is due to the any events
stated in clause 43 (a) -(j).

the architect to assess any EOT.

The notice to be submitted to the
architect within 28 days.

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

If the contractor fails to submit required

particular within 28 days it is deemed that
the relevant event does not cause delays
to the work.

Clause 23.3

If the information given by the contractor

is not sufficient:
a) Architect

request

contractor

to

provide further particulars within 28

days after the second notice.
b) Contractor

to

provide

required

particulars within a further 28 days or

within the time estimate by Architect.

10

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

2.5

CERTIFICATE OF DELAY AND EOT

PWD 203A (Rev.2010)

PAM 2006 (With Quantities)

Clause 43.1

Clause 23.4

The S.O may issue a Certificate of Delay

If the information given by a contractors

and EOT giving a fair reasonable EOT

sufficient:

for completion of the works.

a) Architect considers the contractors
If S.O decides to grant EOT, he must

application

inform the contractor in writing by

b) Architect issue to the contractor
issuing the Certificate of Delay and EOT.
within 6 weeks (can be before or after
the

the completion date) either notice of

contractors claim, he also needs to

rejection or Certificate of Delay and

informed to the contractor in writing.

EOT.

If

the

S.O

decides

to

reject

Clause 22.3

The Architect can still grant for EOT even

after the issuance of Certificate of Non -Not StatedCompletion.
The issuance of a Certificate of EOT will
revokes
11

the

Certificate

of

Non-

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Completion issued before.

If issuance of Certificate of EOT granted
after the issuance of Certificate of NonCompletion, another Certificate of NonCompletion will be issued.

2.6

RELEVANT CASES FOR EOT

2.6.1

Balfour Beatty Building Ltd V Chestermount Properties Ltd (1993)

In this case, the Contractor right was abolished to deduct liquidated damages for the
time before the variation. The Plaintiff claimed that it was entitled to complete 54
weeks from the extension date rather than from the original date, 9 months
previously. The court decided that the Architects should be adhered to giving Plaintiff
18 weeks to complete. The Architect was correct in using the net method for
calculating the time extension.
2.6.2

Henry Boot V Malamaison Hotel Ltd (2000) BLR 509

CA, where the parties had already agreed that if there were two concurrent causes of
delay, one of which was a non-inexcusable event and the other was an inexcusable
event, then the Contractor was entitled to an EOT for the period of delay caused by
the non-inexcusable event, notwithstanding the concurrent effect of the culpable
event.
2.6.3

Royal Brompton Hospital V Hammond (2000) BLR75, TOC

It would seem to support an argument by the Employer that when a Contractor is in

concurrent delay (once inexcusable and one non- inexcusable), he is not entitled to
either an EOT or to compensation for prolongation for the contract period.

12

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

3.0

CERTIFICATE OF PAYMENT

3.1

INTRODUCTION

Certificate of Payment means the document verified by an architect, engineer, or owner of

a construction project that

the

noted work has

been completed and

is

approved

for payment by the general contractor.

In construction, during the project are going on it has two certificates of payment will
be issued to the contractor which is interim payment and final payment. Interim payment will
be paid in term of monthly based on progress work done by contractor after quantity
surveyor (QS) evaluates the contractor work. After QS satisfied with contractor work he will
issue the payment and also will issue certificate of interim payment meanwhile for final
payment is the amount pay for final work.

The contractor is paid according to the agreement signed in the contract form of
PWD 203A or PAM 2006 form and fully tied to the rules in the contract. As an example in the
form of PWD 203A it have been shown that client have to pay an Advance Payment before
the work start. The advance payment is for financial support for the contractor and will be
used as expenses for preliminary works on a project.

13

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

The client will certify the interim payment for each month for the work that have been
done by the contractor. After the project finished, the contractor will be paid the total amount
of the project in the final account.

3.2

INTERIM PAYMENT

Most standard forms of contract state an entitlement on the part of the contractor to interim
payment. These payments assist in the contractors cash flow, but the actual determination
of the contractors entitlement is not made until the final certificate. The interim payments are
therefore sums paid on account of whatever the contractor might eventually be entitled to
recover from the employer. David (2001) described interi payment is reffering to payment
made by instalments, periodically or in stages during the progress of a building contract.
Most standard forms make the issue of a certificate a condition precedent to the contractors
right to payment.

The quantity surveyer will issue the interim certificate to the client before the payment
will be made. It is being provided after the value of the work done and unfabricated material
that have been send on site. Besides, it is used to avoid any problems and argument. That is
the way for the contractor to identify the way on how they been paid by the client.

Quantity surveyor will make the first site valuation not late from a month from site
possession. Other valuation will be made periodically until the end of the contract period.
Work valuation by the contractor is includedpreliminary work and generally. Preliminary work
has to be paid half-yearly at the first and separated by the next months.

14

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

As an example, if the price put by the contractor for insurance is higher rather than
the actual premium amount paid so it will be paid at the first stage and the rest ofthe money
will be paid progressively in term of monthly.

Besides the valuation of sub-contractor and supplier work is made by the S.O and directly
given to the quantity surveyor to be inserted in the monthly interim valuation before the
submission date of interim valuation to the S.O to be approved. Valuation of construction
material on site will be evaluated and put into monthly interim payment.

Price rate used for unfabricated material have to base on price rate in the contract.
The complete interim certificate must be totally add to the total materials cost at the site
where the amount 75% took in the total amount.

Although interim valuation is made at least once in a month it did not mean this
certification must be brought out once at every each of the interim valuation made. There are
two minimum valuation to valuate the certification:

The value progress and 75% of material values supplied to the site must 10%
of construction work's value before the first interim certification brings out.

The work done been aided by 75% from materials value or material supplied
achieve 25% of themonthly average of construction work scheduled or half of
the minimum value can be brought together. Besides, S.O has no power to
put out any certification if they cannot put the minimum level of interim
payment.

15

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

3.3

COMPARISON CERTIFICATE OF PAYMENT BETWEEN PAM 2006 AND

PWD 203A FOR INTERIM PAYMENT
PWD 203A (Rev. 2010)

PAM 2006 (With Quantities)

16

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

When the contractor has executed the

Contractor

shall

works including delivery to an adjacent

application

to the works and their total value of

stated in the Appendix with complete

work, S.O. shall that time make the first

details and particulars as required by the

valuation of the works on the same.

Architect and Quantity Surveyor (Clause

(Clause28.1)

30.1)

at

submit

interim

claim

payment
interval

Within the fourteen (14) days from the

Within the 21 days from date of receipt of

date valuation being made, S.O shall

Contractors application, issuance of an

issue interim certificates stating the

Interim Certificate to employer with the

amount

copy of contractor. The employer will pay

due

to

the

contractor.

the certified amount (Clause 30.1)

(Clause28.3)

The amount of Interim Certificate is

The amount for Interim Certificate is

subject

subject to any agreement between

to

any

agreement

between

parties as to stage payment, the total

17

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

parties as to payment by stages, be the

value of works properly executed and

estimated the total value of the works

include the percentage of the value of

properly executed and 90% of the value

materials

of the unfixed materials and good

(Clause30.2)

delivered

or

adjacent

to

site.

(Clause28.4)

-Not stated Within the number stated in to these

conditions (or if none so stated then
within thirty (30) days of the issue of
interim

certificate),

government

will

make payment to the contractor for

performance

bond

or

performance

guarantee sum (Clause

28.6(a) and

(b).

3.4

FINAL PAYMENT
18

and

goods

stated

in.

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Final Payment will be made after construction works completed. It will be made as soon as
possible after the contractor fulfill the obligation in the contract includes making good all
defects. All left payment will be paid after the end of construction work and it paid to the
contractor based on final account made by the quantity surveyor.
This final account will calculate together all cost involved in the construction to get
the actual cost for the project. After that the quantity surveyor will make his valuation of the
payment left and not been fully paid by the client like variation order and claim from the
contractor.
Final account and end certificate need to be prepared before 3 months after
certification of the defect liability period. A final certificate will be issued by S.O/ Architect
after he satisfied with the calculation of the final account and approved it. All consultants and
contractor will get a copy of final account. The calculation final account involved are:

Calculation all levelling of total price for variation, contract claim and others.

Calculates the payment paid to the sub-contractor and nominated supplier.

Calculation of money deduction paid to the contractor special for repairing

the defection and the contractor is weak to finish it.

3.5

COMPARISON CERTIFICATE OF PAYMENT BETWEEN PAM 2006 AND

PWD 203A FOR FINAL PAYMENT
19

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

PWD 203A (Rev. 2010)

PAM 2006 (With Quantities)

As soon as possible but not than 3

Within 6 months after

Practical

months after issuance of Certificate

Completion of the works, contractor

of Practical Completion, contractor

shall submit all related documents to

shall submit all particular claims such

Architect and Quantity Surveyor for

as receipts, voucher records and any

enabling

related documents to S.O to enable

Account (Clause 30.10)

S.O

prepare

the

final

them

to

make

Final

account.

(Clause 31.1)

If the contractor fails to submit related

If the contractor fails to submit all

documents, the S.O shall forthwith

necessary documents for preparing

make the assessment based on the

the Final Account, the Architect or

available documents submitted by the

Quantity Surveyor only used the

contractor before to preparing final

information available within the period

accounts(Clause 31.2)

to complete the Final Account stated

in (Clause 30.10)

Within 3 months after the expiry of

If no dispute between employer and
Defect Liability Period for the whole
contractor about the final account
works or after 3 months after the
within 3 months from the date receipt
issuance

of

the

Certificate

of
20

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Completion of Making Good Defect,

of the final account from the Architect

the

or

S.O

shall

issue

the

Final

Certificate (Clause 31.3)

Quantity

Surveyor,

agreed

(Clause 30.10 (a))

No final payment will be made to the
contractor until the S.O satisfied by
means of a Statutory Declaration
by

or

on

behalf

Final

Account shall be conclusive and

deemed

made

the

of

the

contractor to the effect that the

workmen (Clause 31.5)

21

-Not Stated-

by

the

parties

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

3.6 RELEVANT CASES FOR CERTIFICATE OF PAYMENT

3.6.1

PembinaanLeow Tuck Chui Sdn. Bhd. Vs. DrLeelas Medical Centre Sdn. Bhd. (1995)

In this case, PAM standard form was used as a contract between both
parties. The defendant didnt want to pay the contractor the amount as stated
in the interim certificate. Judge, the Employer cannot deny the amount as
stated in the interim certificate as per evaluated by Quantity Surveyor and
endorsed by Architect even the amount covered for defect works.
The possible ways for Employer to solve this problem:

3.6.2

i)

Ask the Architect to make an updating for the next progress payment.

ii)

If the Architect didnt want to do so, Employer can refer to the Arbitrator.

iii)

Sue Architect.

Lubenham Fadilities Vs. SPDC (1986)

In this case, contractor thought that evaluated amount of the interim certificate
is very low and didnt show the actual amount of the executed works. The
defendant was brought the case to arbitration. Judged, the interim certificate
issued cannot be re-measured except stated in the contract. The actual
amount was brought to the next interim certificate

4.0

STUDENTS ANALYSIS
22

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

PROJECT TITLE: PROPOSED UPGRADING LANDSCAPE WORKS AT CP TOWER,

PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
4.1 Extension of Time (EOT)
This project is a government project, so the standard form applied in this project is based on
PWD Form 203A (Rev. 20). This project is already completed but the contractor has been
applied for EOT for certain work that he think the delay are become apparent.

The contractor works are actually must be completed on 30 November 2015 but
contractor fails to complete the works due to variation order of works. Because of that, he
applied for EOT. The consultant replied the contractor application and agreed to grant EOT
to contractor because the event of delay as followed in standard form.

After that, the contractor applies for EOT for the second time. The reason are he
required the extension of time for the purpose of additional work for external works and
landscape work. The contractor must carried out the work immidiately and he must comply
all the instruction given by the S.O in letter of instruction that verifed by the landscape
architect. The contractor must comply all the condition of the standard form of the contract
based on Clause 43.0 (e).

All the documents of variation order can be refer to Appendix iii.

4.2 Certificate of Payment

23

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Because of this project are not completed yet, the payment is involve only for interim
payment. The progress payment for this project can be refer to Appendix iv. The progress
payment did by Quantity Surveyor of MITG Sdn. Bhd. (QS) is after he go to site and valuate
the contractors works. After he ensure all item that claimed by contractor are done, QS will
issue the Certificate of payment to contractor.

5.0

CONCLUSION

24

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Contract Management is a very important item which determine either the project was
successful managed or not to achieve the planning that needed especially to develop our
country. The best managed of contract will show the best result. This contract management
needs all parties to cooperate in realizing the project. It is because each party has their own
functions to work on the project. Especially for quantity surveyor who needs to manage from
beginning until the project was completely done when final account was prepared by QS.

The full knowledge about the contract is important to solve each part of the contract.
Each part of the contract has own functions which it needs all parties especially contractor
about their tasks in proceed the project. The client also needs to take seriously in managing
and follow the contract. Chawla (200) said with this contract or not always blamed when
facing with problems such as overdue to finish the project and payments that important
especially for contractors.

Quantity Surveyor is a consultant that prepared the Contract Document, so important

for him or her to make sure the contract followed by all parties. QS must monitor the
contractor doing their jobs follow the contract and prepared payment to contractor likes
interim payment.

6.0 REFERENCES

25

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

i)

Agreement And Condition of PAM 2006 (With Quantities). GOVERNMENT OF

MALAYSIA, STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT TO BE USED WHERE BILLS
OF QUANTITIES FORM PART OF THE CONTRACT, P.W.D. FORM 203A (Rev.

ii)

2010).
Ahamad Abdullah (2009), Hands Out For PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE II (QSM
609)

Business

Dictionary.com,

Certificate

for

Payment.

Retrieved

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/certificate-for-payment.html
iii)

on

at
12

Febuary 2013.
H.L. Chawla (2000), President, Tecknovate Solutions and World Bank Consultant
New

Delhi.

arbitration/20913-

http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/project-managementeffective-contract-management-some-important-issues-and-

iv)

suggestions.html
Jett Catanzaro (2014), Contract Management Survey Reveals Untapped

v)
vi)
vii)

Opportunities. Law 360.

Justia (1981), See Higgins V. City of Fillmore. Pg. 22 192. Utah.
Johny J. P. Krol (1951). Construction Contract Law. Page 13.
David Chappell, 2001. Sections 104-(1) to 107(1) of The Sections. Act, Housing
Grant, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996.

26

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Appendix iii

27

REPORT B: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

Appendix iv

28