1

4.1.1. S R .
(a) s* S s Ss s*
s* S () (maximal element)
(b) s* S s Ss s*
s* S () (minimal element)
1.
(a). N (b). Z (c). 0,2 (d). 4,1 0,2 (e).

0, Q

(a). N 1
(b). Z
(c). 0,2 2
(d). 4,1 0,2 4 2
(e).

0, Q

4.1.2. S R
(a). u R S s s u S (bounded
above)u S (upper bound) S
(b). l R S s l s S (bounded
below)l S (lower bound) S
(c). S S
2. 1
(a). N
(b). Z
(c). 0,2
(d). 4,1 0,2
(e).

0, Q

S RS S
U = {x Rx S } = S

 4.1.1. u* U u* U
u* U u* S
s u* s S
s0 S u*< s0
u1 =

u s0
u*< u1 < s0
2

(a) u*< u1 u1 U u1 S
(b) u1< s0 u1 S
(a)(b) u* U
u* Uu* S (l.u.b. , least upper bound)
S (g.l.b. , greatest lower bound)
l*
4.1.3. S R
(a). u* R
(a.1) u* S
(a.2) u S u* u
u* S
(b). l* R
(b.1) l* S
(b.2) l S l l*
l* S
4.1.1
4.1.2. S RS
(a). S S
(b). S S
3. 1 l.u.b. g.l.b.
(a). N l.u.b.N g.l.b. 1
(b). Z l.u.b. g.l.b.
(c). 0,2 l.u.b. 2g.l.b. 0
(d). 4,1 0,2 l.u.b. 2g.l.b.4
(e).

0, Q l.u.b. g.l.b. 0
2

 4.1.3. S R
(a). S l.u.b. u*
> 0 s Su*- s u*
( ( u*- s u*) )
0 sS

(b). S g.l.b. l*
> 0 s Sl*< s l*+
( ( l*< s l*+) )
0 sS

(a) >0 u*-< u* = l.u.b. of S, u*- s

s Su*- s u*- s u*
(b)
S l.u.b. g.l.b.
_
R= R ,
4.1.4. S R

, S
= S (supremum)
l.u.b. S , S

(a) sup S =

, S
= S (infimum)
g.l.b. S , S

(b) inf S =

S R R

4. 1
(a) sup N =
inf N = 1
(b) sup Z =
inf Z =
(c) sup 0,2 = 2
inf 0,2 = 0
(d) sup( 4,1 0,2 ) = 2 inf( 4,1 0,2 ) =4
(e) sup(

0, Q) =

inf(

0, Q) = 0

4.1.4 4.1.3
4.1.4. S RS
3

(a) u*= sup S > 0 s S u*- s u*

(b) l*= inf S - > 0 s S l* s l*+

1. S RS L ={x Rx s s S}l* L l* L
2. 4.1.3.(b)
3.
(a) (0,3)
(b) (0,3]
(c) [0,3)
(d) [0,3]
1

n , n

(e) S =

(f) S =

1
1
,3
n
n

n
1
a
:
a

(g) S = n n k
k 1 2

(h) S = a n : a n

n(n 1)

1
(i) S = a n : a n

k 1 k(k 1)

n
1
a
:
a

(j) S = n n
k 0 k!

2
f I S = R(f) = {f(x)x I}
f
(a) sup R(f) = b
R
xb I b < f(xb) f
sup R(f) = u*< u* f
4

sup f = sup {f(x)x I} = sup R(f)

(b) inf R(f) = a R xa I
f(xa) < a f
inf R(f) = l*> l* f
inf f = inf {f(x)x I} = inf R(f)
4.1.4
4.2.1. f I
(a). u* = sup f u* > 0 x I
u*- f(x) u*
(b). l* = inf f l* > 0 x I
l* f(x) l*+
1.
(a). f(x) = x22x + 3I = (2, )

(b). f(x) = sinxI =

,
6 2

(a). f(x) = (x1)2 + 2

sup f = sup {f(x)2 < x < }=
inf f = inf {f(x)2 < x < }= 2
(b). sup f = sup {sinx

x
6

inf f = inf {sinx

x
6

}= 1

}=

1
2

u* R(f) x* I u*= f(x*)

f(x*) f(x) x I
f x*(maximum) u* = f(x*) l*
R(f) x* I f(x*) f(x) x I
f x* l* = f(x*)
4.2.1. f I
(a). x* x If(x) f(x*) f x*
f(x*) f(x*) f
(b). x* x If(x) f(x*) f x*
f(x*) f(x*) f
5

 2. 1
(a). f f(1) = 2
(b). f f(

) = 1 f

1

2
6

f
f | f |
4.2.2. f I || f || sup{|f(x)|x I}
d

f (sup norm)
|f(x)| M x I || f || M
3. 1
(a). || f || = sup{|x22x + 3|2 < x < }=
(b). || f || = sup{|sinx|

x
6

}= 1

sup-norm
4.2.2. f , g I R
(a). || f || 0|| f || = 0 f(x) 0
(b). ||f || = || || f ||
(c). || f +g || || f || + || g ||
(a). x I 0 |f(x)| || f ||
|| f || = 0 f(x) 0
f(x) 0 || f || = sup{|f(x)x I}= 0
(b). 4.2.2
||f || = sup{|f(x)|x I}= || sup{| f(x) |x I}= || || f ||
(c). y I
0 |f(y) + g(y)| |f(y)| + |g(y)|
sup{|f(x)|x I}+ sup{|g(x)x I}
= || f || + || g ||
|| f || + || g || {|(f +g)(x)|x I}
|| f +g || = sup{|(f +g)(x)|x I} || f || + || g ||
f(x*) , f(x*) f I
6

 || f || = max{ |f(x*)|,|f(x*)| }

1.
(a). f(x) = xnI = [0,1]
(b). f(x) = sinx

x
I = [ , ]
2

(c). f(x) = cosx1

x
I = [ , ]
2

(d). f(x) = 2xx2I = [0,2]

2. I X= I
={x = x(t)x(t),t I, I }
x,y X d(x,y) = ||x-y|| = sup{|x(t)y(t)|t I}
d(,) x,y,z X
(a). d(x,y) = 0 x = y(x(t) = y(t) t I)
(b). d(x,y) = d(y,x) 0
(c). d(x,z) d(x,y) + d(y,z)
3. I = a, b f I
= max{f(x)x I }= min{f(x)x I }
|| f || = max{ || , || } || f ||
(a) I = 2,3 f(x) = x33x +1
(b) I = 0, f(x) = x +sinx
(c) I = 1,2 f(x) = x2 +2cosx