What is Art?

ART is tangible, man-made creative

Lascaux Paleolithic Cave Painting
(c.15,000 BC)
Manunggul Jar (c.710-890)
Batek Kalinga Tattoos
D.L. Umali Hall (1965)
By Leandro Locsin
Pahiyas Festival
Lucban, Quezon
(Installation Art)
Maskara Festival
Bacolod
Mona Lisa (c.1503-1508, until 1517)
By Leonardo Da Vinci
Self-Portrait as Mona Lisa (1954)
By Salvador Dali (Surrealist Painter)
Dada Painting (repulsion against
traditional art/way)
Bansky ( Graphic Artist)
Grafitti Art

Utilitarianism
Two Possibilities:
-

Higher pleasure holds out a greater

QUANTITY of pleasure
Higher pleasure is of a different
QUALITY

What is the Value of Art?

Art as
-

Experience
Expression
Understanding

Experience
Art as experience of Pleasure

The most important thing about art is its

agreeableness
-David Hume

What counts as Art?

The conscious use of skill and creative
imagination especially in the production of
aesthetic objects.
Skill the ability to do something

Pleasure = Entertainment
Pleasure something diverging or engaging

Art is pleasurable but there is pain

Imagination the act of forming mental image

of something not previously experienced
Aesthetic Object art form

Standard of Taste
Arises from the nature of human beings
Test of time will reveal which are truly
aesthetically pleasing
Creation of Adam
By Michelangelo
C.1511-1512
(Nokia Hands)
Spoliarium
By Juan Luna
C. 1884
Tutankhamun Death Mask
Cairo, Egypt, C.1323 BC
Entertainment
Idea or task, activities or events
developed over thousands of years for the
purpose of keeping audiences attention

Beyond what we see, what is tangible, we

try to see beyond or what we perceive
Spoliarium
By Juan Luna
1884

Beauty
-

Intrinsic value of art

AETHETIC PLEASURE

Beauty is relative however

David
By Michelangelo Buonarroti
High Renaissance/ Line
Mona Lisa
By Leonardo da Vinci
Hybric Orlan
Pretty means attractive to the eyes
Concept of beauty changes

Art is

Weeping Woman
By Pablo Picasso
Cubism/ Line

Hedonic = pleasurable
Aesthetic = beautiful

Ugly is subjective

Emotive = expression
Cognitive = understanding

The Scream (1893)

By Edvard Munch
Expressionism/ Line
Death of Sardanapalus
By Eugene Delacroix c.1872
Romanticism
Composition II in Red, Blue & Yellow
Piet Mondrian
De Stijl/ Shape
Pieta
By Michelangelo Buonarroti
Italian Renaissance
Artist gives emotional experience

Music in Art as Experience

Swan Lake Tchaikovsky
Ride of Spring Stravinsky
Art as Experience and Understanding
Meditation from Thais
By Jules Massenet
Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovskys 1812 Over tune
John Cages 433

5 Ways we Study Art

Audience gives emotional response

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Experience of the artist

Is not equal to
Experience of the audience

SENSORY
Elements of Art
FORMAL
Principles of Art
TECHNICAL
Media & Execution of Art
EXPRESSION Emotion/Mood of the Art
REFLECTION
Art & Society

Art Movements

Art as Expression

Movement

Art communicates as emotion

Katharsis or Purging
Artists purge us of emotional disturbances
that might otherwise erupt in the course of our
daily lives
-

Aristole

Value of Art
Lies in its abilities to focus the audiences
feeling of fear, anger, etc. as a form relief and to
rid us of emotion that would otherwise be
disruptive or destructive
Art is about heightened awareness of an emotion
through art

Art as Understanding
Art as a distinctive way of understanding
human experience

quality of representing or suggesting

motion
trends; to follow a general course
style; a distinctive manner of
expression

Impressionism
19th Century, Paris, Frnace
capturing fleeting moments and light
with pure colors
- ordinary subject matter landscape,
still lives, portrait
- unusual visual angles, hazy
Impression: Sunrise
By Claude Monet
Warm & Cool Colors
Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette
By Pirre- Auguste Renoire
The Boating Paty
By Mary Casatt
-

Post Impressionism
-

C. 1880-1905
Individual responses to impressionism;
too simplistic; no structure & solidity of
objects; no expression of emotion
through color
- Use of vivid, unnatural colors
- Thick application of paint
- Real life subject matter
- Inclined to emphasize geometric form
- Distort form for expressive effect
Tahitian Women on the Beath
By Paul Gauguin
Mont Sainte Victoirre
By Paul Gazanne
Starry Night
By Vicent Van Gogh

DIMESION short, long

DIRECTION/ ORIENTATION up, down, left, right
CHARACTER quick, agitated, sensuous
Diagonal
Bonifacio Monument
By Guillermo Tolentino, 1933
Caloocan City
Realism?
Curved line
The Scream
By Edvard Munch
Expressionism
ROU EN 2
By Claude Monet
Impressionism
Starry Night
By Vincent Van Gogh
Post Impressionism
David
By Michelangelo
High Renaissance
Turning Torso
By Santiago Calatrava
Deconstructivism
Dancing House
By Milunic and Gehry Prague
Weeping Woman
By Pablo Picasso
Cubism
Blaze 1
By Bridget Rillet
Op Art
Lavender Mist
By Jackson Pollock
Abstract Expressionism
Dog on a Leash
By Giacommo Balla
Futurism movement
Embrace
By Paul Klee
Expressionism

Expressionism
-

Art expressing inner angst

Uses line and colors as dominant
elements of expression
- Uses distortion: thrusting, elongation,
disproportion
The Scream
By Edvard Munch
Bride of the Wind
By Oscar Kokoschka
Death Seizing a Woman
By Kathe Kollwitz
Cubism
Three Women
By Pablo Picasso
Afficionado
By Pablo Picasso
Three Musicians
By Pablo Picasso

Elements of Visual Art

Line
-

element of art defined by a point

moving in space
It may be 2D like a pencil mark on
paper; it may be 3D if it involves the
use of actual objects; and it may be
implied (the edge of a shape or form)

Horizontal rest, peace

Vertical dominance
Diagonal moving

Shape
-

An element of art that is twodimensional, flat or limited to height

and width.
- Geometric
- Organic
Fountain
Marcel Duchamp
Dadaism
Mother and Child

By Vicente Manansala
Transparent Cubism
I and the Village
By Marc Chagall
Surrealism
Black Iris
By Georgia OKeeffe
American Modernism

element of art made up of three

properties: hue, value, and intensity
Brown Madonna
By Galo Ocampo
Modernism
Women with Baskets
By Anita Magsaysay-Ho
Modernism
Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juan
By Antipas Delotaro
Social Realism
Waway Saway
Soil Art
Jennes Fille Au Piano
By Pierre August Renoir
Impressionism
A Girl with a Watering Can
By Pierre August Renoir
Impressionism
Sun Flower
By Vincent Van Gogh
Post Impressionism

Form
-

Element of art that is threedimensional and encloses volume

Includes height, width AND depth (as
in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a
cylinder).
Form may also be free flowing

Art and Science Museum

By Moshie Safadie
Post Modernism
Dream Rider
By Glen Cagandahan
Composition II in Red, Blue & Yellow
By Piet Mondrian
The Thinker
By August Rodin
Realism

Value
-

Texture
-

element of art that refers to the way

things feel, or look as if they might feel
if touched

The Arnolfini Marriage

By Jan Van Eyck
Northern Renaissance
Sagrada Familia
by Antoni Gaudi
Art Noveau
The Kiss
By August Rodin
Romanticism
Crossed-leg Slave
By Michelangelo
High Renaissance
The Ghent Altarpiece
By Jan Van Eyck
Northern Renaissance
Color and Value
Color

Tonal relationships between light and

dark areas in a painting
CHIAROSCURO technique of blending
light & shade on objects to create an
illusion of space and atmosphere; to
establish a mood (a technique created
by Da Vinci)
TENEBRISM style of painting which
exaggerates the use of chiaroscuro

Liberty Guiding the People

By Eugene Delacroix
Romanticism
The Conversation on the Way to
Damascus
By Michelangelo Caravaggio
Baroque Value
Las Meninas
By Diego de Las Velasquez
Baroque Value
The Rape of Proserpina
By Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Baroque Value
Agitto
By Robert Maplethore
Contemporary Photography Value
Elen Degeneres, Kauai, Hawaii
By Annie Leibovitz
Contemporary Photography
Nagelbild
By Gunther Vecker
Op Art Value

De Lata
By Irma Lacorte
Contemporary Art Value
Ten Punching Bags (Last Supper)
By andy Warhol and jean-Michel Basquiat
Pop Art
Space
-

Positive/negative
Simulated, actual, imaginative

Rubins Vase
By Edgar Rubin
Cloud Gate
By Anish Kapoor
Minimalism
The Physical Impossibility of Death in
the Mind of Someone Living
By Damien Hirs
British Conceptualism
Last Supper
By Leonardo Da Vinci
High Renaissance
The Fair Captive
Surrealism
Sleep
By Salvador Dali
Surrealism
Dots Obsession-Infinity Mirrored
Room
By Yayoi Kusama
Conceptual Art
Balkan Erotic Epic
By Marina Abramovic
Performance Art
Wrapped Coast
Bay, Sydney, Australia
By Christo and Jean-Claude
Land Art
Wrapped Reichstag
By Christo and Jean-Claude
Land Art
Mexico City 8
By Spencer Tunic
Site-Specific Installation
Biscayne Bay
By Christo and Jean-Claude
Land Art
Spiral jetty
By Robert Smithson
Land Art

Music
How we listen: Planes of Musical Listening
by Aaron Copland
1. Sensuous Plane listening to the sheer
pleasure of the musical sound itself
2. Expressive Plane listening to what the
piece is saying, what the piece is about;
deriving meanings and moods in music;
making associations in music
3. Sheer musical plane increased
awareness of musical material and what
happens to it
Elements of Music
-

Basic Elements
Expressive Elements
Mediums of music voices and
instruments

Basic Elements
-

Rhythm
Melody
Harmony
Tempo

Rhythm
-

Refers to arrangement of certain

durations of pitch within a metrical
pattern

Properties of Rhythm

Beat regular occurrence of sound

Accent stresses in music
Meter grouping of
heavy(accented) and
light(unaccented) beats in a
measure
2
2
vv
^^

2
3
vv
<>
^^

2
4
vv
><
<>
^^

Melody
-

Succession of related tones expressing

a musical idea
Sometimes called the memory tone

Properties of Melody

Dynamics

Direction refers to where the

melody goes
Progression how the melody
moves
Mode organization of tones in
a scale
Range distance from the
highest to the lowest note
Register location of the
majority of the note

The degree of loudness and softness in

sound
Dynamic Markings:

Harmony
-

Is the simultaneous sounding of the

group of tones with the group of the
melody
Produces musical texture which can be
described as light, heavy, thick, or
thin.
Chord three or more tones sounded
together

Types of Texture

Dynamic Changes:
< - crescendo gradually
becoming louder
> - decrescendo gradually
becoming softer

Monophonic consists of a
single melody
Homophonic melody with
accompaniment
Polyphonic 2 to 3
independent melodies

Tone or Color Timbre

-

characteristic qualities of sound either

vocal or instrumental which
distinguishes from one another
Families of Instruments

Tempo
-

Refers to the speed in which a

particular composition is played

Slow Tempo Markings:

Andante at a walking pace

Adagio slowly and stately
Largo broadly
Lento slowly
Grave very slowly

Female

Fast Tempo Markings:

Ritardando gradually slowing

down
Accelerando gradually
accelerates

Soprano highest
Mezzo soprano middle range
Alto lowest

Tenor highest
Baritone middle range
Bass lowest

Male

Allegro fast, quickly, and

bright
Vivace lively and fast
Presto extremely fast

Terms for Tempo Changes:

string family
woodwind family
brass wind family
percussion family

Vocal Classifiations

Moderato moderate

p piano (soft)
pp pianissimo (very soft)
ppp pianississimo (very, very
soft)
f forte (loud)
f fortissimmo (very loud)
ff fortississimo (very, very
loud)

Form
-

Combination of basic elements

Refers to the structures in music
Examples are:

Unitary thorough-composed
A Bohemian Rhapsody
Binary two contrasting
sections AB
Ternary two contrasting
section with recurring section
ABA
Rondo form first section
recurs after a new section
introduced ABACA

Characteristic and Key Feature of

Renaissance Music
Often unaccompanied church
choral music
Composers of Renaissance Period

Joaquin des Prez

Giovanni Palestrina

Baroque Period (1600-1750)

Baroque- means irregular or misshapen

Periods in the History of Western Music

Medieval Music (800-1450)

-

musical life was undoubtly rich in the

early medieval era, as attested by
artistic depiction of instruments
The only report of music without has
from before 800 to present day is plain
song liturgical music of Roman Catholic
Church, the largest part which is called
Gregorian chant.

Characteristics of Music
Plain song or plain chant
(Gregorian chant):
Usually monophonic in texture
Sung in unison
Old Hall Manuscript the largest, most
complex, and most significant source of
music of the late 14th century
During this period several
developments took place
1. Major effort by the church to
unify the many chant tradition
and suppress many of them in
favor of Gregorian Liturgy.
2. Earliest Polyphonic music was
sung in a form of parallel
singing known
Renaissance Period (1450-1600)
Music in this era has two functions:
1. To contribute to the worship of the
church
2. To express worldly emotion, needs and
satisfaction (which are mans
ingredient in life) secular music

One of the greatest turning point in

history of musical thought: large scale
productions, spectacular music,
contrasts, and an over-all grandeur
Described as an era of experiment and
refinement, bold imagination, search
accomplishment,
Opera developed in Italy

Characteristics of Baroque Music

Music was spectacular with

heavy elaboration in design
Uses figured bass, a musical
shorthand, utilizing symbols to
play the chords
The continuous bass line
Much of the music was
designed for improvisation
Counterpoint was one of the
major force, in both the
instrumental and vocal music of
the period
The period saw the invention of
the harpsichord

Composers of Baroque Period

J.S. Bach
Prelude and Fugue in B
Minuet in G
George Friedrich Handsels
Water Music Suite and
Hallelujah Chorus

Classical Period (1750-1825)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Piano Sonata in C major

1st movement Allegro

2nd movement Andante

3rd movement Rondo

Romantic Period (1820-1900)

-

Characterized by extreme outpouring

of emotion
Individualism
Nationalism
Extremes

Characteristics and Key Features

Rhythm is much faster and less

strict
Texture is monophonic and
generally thicker
Melodies are tuneful and easy
to remember
Use of character pieces
Larger orchestra

Composers of Baroque Period

Modern Period

Beethoven
Symphony No. 5
Tchaikovsky
Romeo and Juliet
Schubert
Schuman
Bhrams
Bruckner
Verdi
Wagner

Uses strange and unusual instruments

Melodies often fragmental with wide
leaps
Often very dissonant harmony which
result in atonality
Often very complex rhythms
Extreme range of dynamics

Musical trends

Impressionism
Claire Debussys
Claire de Lune
Bela Bartok
Sonata in C# Minor
John Cage
Variation
Philip Glass
Pruitt Igoe