iixpt: & *

$]a!de:
* N'$'HE{.,\il'y{Nffi &NE} ru$N $N?'H*tAC"il}NG SYSTEN,{S
- TI&/SH ilSNST'ANT
A[&,{
T'o ciet*:rs;ine the l,illve rr.sistanci: and time coilstiirll for vaites in intrrirr:tirtg artri nu* interaciing svster*s

$>E{ENC{$1$-}r.

V{i{IT - iltr is iin exctrusive i-rnit studviilg thr interlacing

ancl

uo*-interar.tilg s3,,stera. B-v sr.rriic}r

the tamk ancl ltanti l,al\,'e. LIser can d*ter*lirle the time co*sta*t o{'the ir:reractlng and nonirlteractitt6q sys{enl" F::*tn the response of'the system. one cafl uirdersrand about the {t.agging)
ni:fe;re cf thr: inieractin{t;*l:d not:-interaciing s,},*stern. Prr:cr,:ss tank - I & Proccss tailk ? rnake
n*n-inltLacting s-vsterrt, wirere as Prccess tanir -" tr & Process tank 3 make interacting systeilr.
I-tere the liquid {lvater} ls puniped li"r:rri resenioir to an cver'}:earJ liilk ft'*rn there a consta*l tiquid
{'lolv is given tr: the pr{}cess tank I throu;:;h a rotarneter. B_v cl:ar:gin54 ttie lranrl valve the tlva
s.-list$lr:rs (intcracting & non-inicraciing} r:.;ln }.:*r stur.lteri ir:diviciuallv.

["$.$E*RY
'l'he flor,r, resis{ance. fmr t}re licluid of consfant

de

nsity and tlre tar-lks to har.e uniionl} cross-srxttional area is

[[n*:itr.T]reflarv headrelaiir:*sl':ipsfr:rthr:trv*]iue*rresistanr:r:sr;f the tanksintheNor-r]trtr:ractiitgSystrnr

ar

t, gir.'en bv t Ire ex g:r'trssicrrs

&ri

Clr:
-!r

*
jY,

{l}

::-

*2
"tr'he

fi:

l'l*w-[re;*rj s'e]atiorrstrips fbr the Ir,vo iinear resistances of tlre tanks i:'r the lqler:*r:lirrg Svs:ern are giver:

b-r,

tltc txpr*ssir:ms.
*
\xt *
dS-

.fq

iu.
-t
{i.
qa

Pffi{}{lg:l}}{ lffi $!,

l. The unil is sr.vitch*d *N,

:l

Arr irrflr:rv o{'X LFH is set irr fhe Rot;rmeter" [:y ad"justing t]:e Valr,* F{Vi

:i.

\,\r;ril f r;r sorn*.iir:le. so [tr]ar ilre ]*r,ei in 6:rrLtess tairk ] r'eaclr*s steadystate valtte.
'I'ho steadv statr: level irr
;:rr:cess ta*k 1 is,i'r${$L{ (}r1}:*Lx (Now thet inf,k:r,'v is equal

inflarv

r;rtr]r [r] pxxre:is

ta*k

:,: .

ldor,r, Ihr:

tl.

Vi*riatir:yr in lslvtl of pr{}crss tank

pryaph is dr*r,vn.

is

ruddcnjt ir:rrrascd t* Y LF]]l hrr acijusti*g ttV-1.

I ls tahx}at+d u,ith

r"eilct]{:s tlrs': ner,v :iteadry state l:?rnrn.

I,cvrl \,'s {irne

t* *uifir:rv}

rerspect t{}

{iilio

lsa3"

fl*r 8v0r-v lfi secnl:rlsi unit

*rr{1rtr{ {(} s('.tci} fi3 Z'li,

u{ its [it:;:l

lrritpr_:l]

=.

IiC

\,,\,'h*re It - Idesisfarjce rfi f}*w (our flai,l.J

'
1{-}"

C - {,apecitanc*

{A::ea}"

F'oni tlte ahi:rre r*Jati*n lhp resisla?lce cf the'alrre is

caic*latert.

t I ' The sit$le pr'o{-ledlrre is repeateil ['*r

'r,,\&*$_H

Si"lVer i Tirxrc {sec}

${.ise ia':

Liquid
i

I-eve$
{c*'e}

a]l tlte valver in tlre i*telacti*g arirl

rrr-.ru

inter.at.t.[rrg sl,srer*s

il49",il{J{_ATr#N
rln

L ;riE'u!;rtiElsl llE''3-iltne Cqr$stastI

i !t' ler

t'l':n*t*t"rt

i",i":r {: J i.::

tX.I'fu

r".rl

it:, F:*;f:*n::'*

iir;r.l

Tini* in :I;**r:i-rij:::

Cn{cul;x{iox

mf, Res$s{metae
iJ*

gss

,dE,

**
*'${r\il$3.

l.::"..x::

iil:n:s

${E5iU{_'$"

Thc rii*lve resisi.iln{:es ;l::d {lnrc c*nsiafi(.s for valves in ih* inferartini4 an{l *ofi it;t*ri*r:iinp, sYsferlls
r.tr':t sr *l i n rr,l rlx
Il{:} r i r}} 0 f ;l I ly lxi ti: hu a terj.
m

;-t

il

aro

I:,xg:ri

: in:

{}:

il.$;$$

EI$N XNTMR,&ilTgHil SYSS}I&,fS

A},&{

rit{tiil!l tank

ir rtfl

5-1,utt.r

";

rI

'["raH*${Y

*ach rlne *f'r'vhich is the transf *r ful'rctiorr o{'a s{ngl* ta:rk operaLfurg irrrlepeurlenl]y r:f'the ot]ie]..

trr:

the ahrtve {'igure tlie level in {a*k ? cleg:enrls r:ri fhe level om fank 1 n.here as iho lcvci in ta*k

in

sairl tr: ht ;\on - Snteractirig.

FRSCHMU}?E

I.

Tlrr r:nit is su,i{r'hL,rl

L}N"

Z. Alr irlfli:iv mf"X t.PH is seL il: tlie Rota raretet'by adjiisting the Vaive HVi
3" \Vajt {'or s*rne titne. s* [l]at the leve] in pr*r:ess -ra*k 1 :"eaches stearlv sial* r,alue.
:{. 'I'he sLta*Y s[;,1[e [*vel in pr*ctss tarrk I is u*ted ihl)rurn {1\orv tire in{}olv is clqua} to r:utfloiv)

5. Norv the infJulv *it*: [u f]r#crs$ rarrk I is sr-ldctenl-y

:"ear:hcs the
7

"

8.

r* Y l-Ft{

Lry

adjirrilng

l{Vl

nrw steady st;:* h2rn*:.

{,el,el Vs iiniE graph is dralvn.

Ti*:e

ct-rnslan{ nf'tite process tanl<.

oritpx.lt

{}.

lr:creased

is calcula{*cl. (Tirne constfiilt is d*fineil ast&e tirne taken f'nr

t* reacl: t]3 Z% of its ii*al *utpxit)

Tirnr* ctittst;utI cart also he deiiuetl as the plcduct *f'resistar:re and capaci{a*ce n{ l}re ta*iq.

\fuirere

;=HC

R " i{.esisrarre tr: {loiv {oui flcx,\+,

l{J. Jironr tt:c abcv* rr:latir:n rhc r*l;stnrice

*iil:c

vi;lve is r:a}cu}ateri.

il

- {..apar:ila*ct iA:'ta}

t}re:

'{'ANL$1
Sii"Nqr

'['i*xn*

{s*c}

s(n$$ I !t
.&-,iquffr{

$-*r.*I
(q:$Ie)

$
't!

il,qLil&J$-,,q'f{#ru
ilslcmtrati*x'x slf

Tff $&re ilq)$1${&xr$

tl.r:n:4*rit

t;:j.l-+.,.1 B{

it:i Fi*t

1r,;nrr:e

L':.,, i: I i:.:. .ilrilr

I ltl

*r8{

lr$;ri iclrr .l':l' a{q'qi ,t;a*rq

lY ll I li,Er Lll ir 1"j

$..

MT
-dh

&.

'1'H.\,r"

$ $:r$-i{ }i I I N

il'}'t{

}zu

**

&{*l r \
tK_..:_.......-........................

#{st

{rls

83,-sul:stlrutirrg lhe v;rlHes of ']'inis Cc*sta*ts uf the

r.r. as dliilvn.

ttn,,o

}lqs

larlks fijld

t1

rosistrl{rce, the resp$nse curve

ilRAPE-tr

r,.

ii.

..,

ffiHSU$.7
resp**se cur\re \..vas {tral\.,}x ffurn the 'I'ransf'er ll'unr:[i*n tha{ relales }{lQ frlr
ldi-rn- i lrIet'a<'l i r r.g I ul: l. Sl.st eln

'1'lt*:

"

lliveri step inpr,rt iu

the

lrxg*{.: iu:
n

f1!ss"
{

}i i's,}t,4il'$'lFJil sVS'}'

&{S

A{tug

Til {ind the resp*nse {r*nr ttre T'rans{'er

F'r:irr:tinn thil{ r*la{r}s F{iQ

lci

tank Systerlr.

a gir.,*n step i::put in the inreracring

'r$xH{}RV

iht'rtths,)r smaller lhan $he Ii*r+ constanf r il,f

S

{$}*'-

rithcr t;urk in lhe non ierterar:tir:g

svstor-n,

,HS

r:i'{irst

sYstex:-:

is ilJ'f'*r:fed h}, the conrJil.lons ir: s*c*ucl system thr:n the s-ystems arq-, saici tg i:e lnterar{i1g.

$$$R*ttrm{JffiM

i.

T{re unir

2"

An i*i'lr.rlv *{'X l,I}H is s*t in the Rrula nretrer i,n acijustixg l}:e !'alve H\r'I

ir slvircl:*il

{}\,

3. \&ait firr surnt tinl*:, sil [i]al thr: i*vstr in pr*r:*ss rank l,re;rches str,:ady state rra]ue.
4. 'l'trrc sre*riv r{itte ltlr,} ir: 1tl'ucess tanl., I is rlotrcj (h1}lnrri (Nnu lll,,ili{Norv ir t.rltrui lo out[]nrv]
5. ldr:tv the lr'rflr:rv rille {il pr*cess tanlq 1 is sudrlen]v increasr,-d l* \' [,Pl-] br/ aqllu5ling ]l\r].
rei:ches ihe

ur.l\,tr

steadv slate hZnrnl

7.

l,evrl \,'s {irre* gyaph is drar,vn"

S.

Tinte ronstanf uf'lhe pr*cess tarrk

ourpmr tu reach 6:i"?ilir

tr

is cak:dJaleri. (Tilne consttrsri is clel'ined as the lime takem {'ur the

*i'its {inal nurputJ

,\
i
:
[J. 'I'inl*: constilnt c;i* a]so ilr deJ'inErt as il-re pr{trtucf cIresislance iind c;lpar:itance r.r{'t}re t;rnk.

= R(,

\tllrrrr'
!tl"

ilr

rlnl []rr ah<jrt te]atirilt

It - l{t"list.lrr( r,{r) {'trurv {rlrrt

}lt:*i

tl"tc rrrsjs{alr{tir.o{- [tru l,;r Ir,t, is i:*[t'uliltr,,cl

tt)

(.

L itp:;lt i{,tnt

t'

{Ar*,'.r,,}