COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger,
smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).
The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).

EXAMPLES

My house is larger than hers.

This box is smaller than the one I lost.

Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.

The rock flew higher than the roof.

Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is understood)

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality
(the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is
compared to a group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).
The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example
below).

EXAMPLES

My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.

This is the smallest box I've ever seen.

Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.

We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" is
understood)

FORMING REGULAR COMPARATIVES AND

SUPERLATIVES

Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy. The form depends on the number of syllables in the
original adjective.

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant + single
vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the ending.

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

tall

taller

tallest

fat

fatter

fattest

big

bigger

biggest

sad

sadder

saddest

TWO SYLLABLES
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by preceeding the
adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by adding -est or by preceeding the
adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are used, although one usage will be more common
than the other. If you are not sure whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or
superlative ending, play it safe and use moreand most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the
y to an i before adding the ending.

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

happy

happier

happiest

simple

simpler

simplest

busy

busier

busiest

tilted

more tilted

most tilted

tangled

more tangled

most tangled

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

THREE OR MORE SYLLABLES

Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front of the adjective,
and the superlative by putting most in front.

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

important

more important

most important

expensive

more expensive

most expensive

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little

less

least

much

more

most

far

further / farther

furthest / farthest

EXAMPLES

Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.

You play tennis better than I do.

This is the least expensive sweater in the store.

This sweater is less expensive than that one.

I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even farther today.

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SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES/KATA SIFAT PALING

Superlative adjectives digunakan untuk menggambarkan sebuah benda yang
kualitasnya paling tinggi atau paling rendah (the tallest, the smallest, the
fastest, the highest). Mereka digunakan dalam kalimat dimana subjek
dibandingkan dengan kelompok objek.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun
(object).
Kelompok yang sedang dibandingkan dengan subjek dapat dihilangkan jika
konteksnya jelas (contoh terakhir di bawah).
CONTOH

My dress size is the largest one in our family.

This is the smallest cake Ive ever seen.
The bike ran the fastest of any bike in the race.
The group of Kangoro jumped the tree together. That Kangoro jumped
the highest. (of all Kangoros telah dipahami)

PEMBENTUKAN KOMPARATIF DAN SUPERLATIF

BERATURAN
Pembentukan comparatives dan superlatif ini mudah. Bentuknya tergantung pada
jumlah suku kata dalam kata sifat aslinya.

Adjektif dengan satu suku kata

Tambahkan- er untuk komparatif dan -est untuk superlatif. Jika kata sifat memiliki
satu konsonan + satu fokal + ejaan konsonan, konsonan akhir harus dibuat gkita
sebelum menambahkan akhiran.
Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

tall

taller

tallest

fat

fatter

fattest

big

bigger

biggest

sad

sadder

saddest

Adjektif dengan dua suku kata

Kata sifat dengan dua suku kata dapat membentuk perbandingan baik dengan
menambahkan -er atau menambahkan kata more sebelum adjektif. Kata sifat ini
membentuk superlatif baik dengan menambahkan -est atau menambahkan
kata mostsebelum adjektif. Dalam banyak kasus, kedua bentuk ini dapat
digunakan, meskipun pemakaian salah satunya akan lebih umum daripada yang
lain. Jika Kita tidak yakin apakah adjektif dengan dua suku kata dapat menggnakan
akhiran komparatif atau superlatif, kita dapat bermain aman dengan
menggunakan more dan most. Untuk kata sifat berakhiran y, kita harus
mengubah huruf y terlebih dahulu dengan huruf i sebelum menambahkan akhiran.
Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

happy

happier

happiest

simple

simpler

simplest

busy

busier

busiest

tilted

more tilted

most tilted

tangled

more tangled

most tangled

Adjektif dengan tiga suku kata atau lebih

Adjektif dengan tiga atau lebih suku kata dapat membentuk perbandingan dengan
menempatkan kata more di depan kata sifat, dan superlative dengan
menempatkan mostdi depan kata sifat.

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

important

more important

most important

expensive

more expensive

most expensive

PEMBENTUKAN KOMPARATIF DAN SUPERLATIF

TAK BERATURAN
Berikut ini adalah adjektif yang memiliki bentuk komparatif dan superlatif yang tidak
beraturan.
Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little

less

least

much

more

most

far

further / farther

furthest / farthest

CONTOH

Yesterday is the worst day Ive had.

She play basketball better than you do.
This is the least expensive bag in the world.
This bag is less expensive than hers.
I ran pretty far today, but I ran even farther yesterday.

Forming regular comparatives and superlatives

1. We use comparatives to compare two things or two people. (e.g She is taller than
her husband.)
2. Superlatives are used, however, to compare to show the difference between more
than two things or more than two people. (e.g Paris is the biggest city in France)
3. To form comparatives and superlatives you need to know the number of syllables in
the adjective. Syllables are like "sound beats".

For instance:

"find" contains one syllable,

but "finding" contains two find and ing.

The rules to form comparatives and superlatives:

1. One syllable adjective ending in a silent 'e' nice

Comparative add 'r' nicer

Superlative add 'st' nicest

2. One syllable adjective ending in one vowel and one consonant big

Comparative the consonant is doubled and 'er' is added bigger

Superlative the consonant is doubled and 'est' is addedbiggest

3. One syllable adjective ending in more than one consonant or more than a vowel
high, cheap

Comparative 'er' is added higher, cheaper

Superlative 'est is added highest, cheapest

4. A two syllable adjective ending in 'y' happy

Comparative 'y' becomes 'i' and 'er' is added happier

Superlative 'y' becomes 'i' and 'est' is added happiest

5. Tow syllable or more adjectives without 'y' at the end exciting

Comparative more + the adjective + than more exciting than

Superlative more + the adjective + than the most exciting

Examples:

The Nile River is longer and more famous than the Thames.

Egypt is much hotter than Sweden.

Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

This is one of the most exciting films I have ever seen.

Peter (6 years old)

Charley (5 months old)

Peter is older than Charley.

Charley is younger than Peter.
Irregular comparatives and superlatives
Adjectives
Comparatives

Superlatives

bad

worse

worst

far(distance)

farther

farthest

far(extent)

further

furthest

good

better

best

little

less

least

many

more

most

much

more

most

How to use comparatives and superlatives

Comparatives

Superlatives

Comparatives are used to Superlatives are used to compare

compare two things or
more than two things or two people.
two people:
Superlative sentences usually use
Alan is taller than John. 'the':
Alan is the most intelligent.
Similarities
To express similarities use the following structure:
... as + adjective + as ...