Professional Documents
Culture Documents
natal testing & care, delivery success for mom & baby, immediate-post-delivery testing &
treatment, etc.), Engineering / Public Health (sewage disposal / treatment, food controls e.g.
FDA regulations, provision of water / air purification, refrigeration, workplace and housing
safety codes, reduced tobacco smoking, pest control, etc.), and better Nutrition (food supply
providing greater variety through-out most of a year, education regarding proper diet, vitamin
and mineral fortified foods, etc.). You should select one of these four reasons (improved:
medicine, obstetrics, public health & engineering, or nutrition do not focus on merely one or a
few aspect(s) of one of the four) and compellingly argue that your chosen ONE reason is the
predominant vehicle for the massive increase in 20th Century life expectancy. You may wish to
consider the statistical effects of:
a. Regional differences
b. Gender differences;
c. As one gets older, their individual life expectancy increases;
d. Increased birth survival (mother and child);
e. Declining fertility rate in developed countries;
f. Reduction of communicable diseases;
g. Poorer people die younger; and
h. Poorer people in developed countries often have life expectancies resembling undeveloped countries rates (see:
http://static1.squarespace.com/static/551caca4e4b0a26ceeee87c5/t/57948489d1758e
c97e7f783b/1469351050367/Shaefer-international-comparisons.pdf )
Your arguments and facts should be principally statistical, and only for or within the 1901-2000
historical period. (see: file:///C:/Users/USER/Desktop/global_health_and_aging.pdf ;
http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Teaching+resources/Key+Stage+3+resources/Who+wants+to+liv
e+forever/Why+are+people+living+longer.htm ; https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy/ ;
http://classroom.synonym.com/causes-extended-life-expectancy-20th-century-22736.html ;
http://visual.ons.gov.uk/how-has-life-expectancy-changed-over-time/ )
Option B: Should modern medical practitioners use materials developed from unethical
treatment of humans (for example: USA government run Tuskegee and Guatemala syphilis experiments
intentionally infecting and then not treating patients to study the diseases natural progression, etc.)?
What if the unethical treatment was considered ethical at the time and place where the materials were
developed (for example: Edward Jenners smallpox vaccine based on intentionally infecting humans with
cowpox)? Consider differing current views about materials developed from unethical treatment of
humans, for example Eduard Pernkopf's "Topographische Anatomie des Menschen" (based upon human
vivisections of Jews in Nazi death camps) as compared to Herophilos and Erasistratus lost, but quoted
works (based upon human vivisections), and Andreas Vesalius Tabulae Sex, and others, produced by
human corpse dissection without informed consent. Consider historical and geographical variations of
ethical acceptability for human experimentation in advancing medical knowledge. Your arguments and
facts should be principally ethical in historical perspective, but your topic should be from a modern
medical practitioners perspective.
Your papers do not have to follow a MELEC / MELELEC paragraph format, although it is highly suggested.