Coperta revistei Urbanismul, nr.

3-4, martie-aprilie 1932, n facsimil

Cover of Urbanismul magazine no. 3-4, march-april 1932, in facsimile
Couverture de la revue Urbanismul, no. 3-4, mars-avril 1932, en facsimil

Arhiva personal / Personal archive / Archive personnelle

erban Popescu-Criveanu

Editat de Registrul Urbanitilor din Romnia

Published by the Register of Romanian Urban Planners
dite par le Registre des Urbanistes Roumains

Colegiul de redacie / Editorial College / Collge de rdaction

erban Popescu-Criveanu Preedinte
Liviu Iani Coordonatorul numrului 14-15/2013
Mihai Alexandru
Doina Bubulete
Radu Matei Cocheci
Kzmr Kovcs
Vintil Mihilescu
Gabriel Pascariu
Crian Victor Popescu
Alexandru M. Sandu
Irina Tulbure
Ileana Tureanu
Redactor ef / Editor in chief / diteur en chef
Maria Mnescu
Secretar general de redacie /
Secretary editor / Secrtaire de rdaction
Adrian Abrudan
Graphic Design - DTP
MB Studio
Octavian Carabela, Marius Marcu-Lapadat
Colaboratori / Collaborators / Collaborateurs
Andrei tefan Sabu
Andreea Udrea
Traduceri / Translations / Traductions
Alexandra Purnichescu
Fotografii / Photos / Photos
Lorin Niculae
Tiprit de / Printed by / Imprim par
Artix Plus SRL
Redacia / Editorial Office / Redaction
Str. Tudor Arghezi nr. 21, Et. VI, Sector 2, 020943, Bucureti
Tel./Fax: 021. 311.83.38
E-mail: revista.urbanismul@rur.ro
Editorul i redacia nu se consider responsabile pentru opiniile
i ideile exprimate de autori n materialele publicate n revista
Urbanismul-Serie Nou.
Revista a fost premiat de Ministerul Dezvoltrii Regionale i
Turismului n cadrul Bienalei Naionale de Arhitectur Bucureti, 2012
Revista este indexat n baza de date Copernicus.
http://www. journals.indexcopernicus.com/passport.php?id=6467

CUPRINS

CUPRINS / CONTENT / CONTENU

EDITORIAL / EDITORIAL / EDITORIAL

Liviu IANI
Oraele n schimbare... i schimbri n educaia profesionitilor / Changing cities... and
changes in the professionals education / Les villes en changement... et des changements dans
lducation des professionnels 4

REPERE / REFERENCE POINTS / REPRES

Cincinat SFINESCU
nvmntul urbanisticei / Education in Urban Planning / Education en urbanisme 8

EVENIMENTE / EVENTS / VNEMENTS

Lorin NICULAE
Citybilitate 12
Matei COCHECI
Conferina / Conference / Confrence Creative Factories 17
Matei COCHECI
Planul Urbanistic Zonal Piaa Roman n dezbatere la Primria Municipiului Bucureti /
Zonal Urban Plan for Romana Square in Debate at Bucharest City Hall / Plan dUrbanisme
Zonal pour la Place Romana 18
Dorina POJANI
Probleme actuale n nvmntul de arhitectur i urbanism / Contemporary Issues in
Architecture and Urban Design Education / Problmes contemporaines de lducation en
architecture et urbanisme 20
Gabriel PASCARIU
Asociaia Profesional a Urbanitilor din Romnia, o resuscitare ndelung ateptat! / The
Romanian Professional Association of Urban Planners, a Long-Awaited Revival! / LAssociation
Professionnelle des Urbanistes Roumains, la longuement attendue ressuscitation! 27
Sebastian GU
Expoziia Urbanismul printre urbaniti, vernisaj i prezentare oficial a Asociaiei
Absolvenilor Urbaniti i Peisagiti din Romnia / Urban Planning among Urban Planners /
LUrbanisme parmi les urbanistes 28

Recenzii / New Releases / Nouvelles apparitions

Toader POPESCU
Nicolae LASCU, Bulevardele bucuretene pn la Primul Rzboi Mondial / The Avenues of
Bucharest before the First World War / Les boulevards de Bucarest avant la Premire Guerre
Mondiale32
Alexandra HAJNEK
Caiete ARA: Arhitectur. Restaurare. Arheologie / ARA Notebooks: Architecture. Restoration.
Archaeology / Les Cahiers ARA: Architecture. Restauration. Archologie 33
Gheorghe ELKAN
Constantin Juguric, Bucuretiul cutremurat 1977-1989 / Trembled Bucharest 1977-1989 /
Bucharest tremblant 1977-1989 35
Miodrag VUJOEVI
International Journal SPATIUM, Serbia / Revista Internaional SPATIUM / La Revue
Internationale SPATIUM 37
Maria MNESCU
Ion Al. Davidescu, Noiuni de urbanism. Curs predat la coala Politehnic Carol al II-lea
(1937) / Urban Planning Concepts. Course taught at the Polytechnical School Charles II in 1937
/ Notions dUrbanisme. Cours enseign dans lcole Polytechnique Charles II en 1937 39

14-15 / 2013 URBANISMUL

DOSAR / FILE / DOSSIER 40

Trebuie s avem o logic de dezvoltare acum, pentru atunci! /
We need today a logic of development for tomorrow! /
Nous avons besoin aujourdhui dune logique de dveloppement pour demain!
Interviu cu Preedintele RUR, profesor emerit Alexandru M. Sandu, realizat de Ileana
Tureanu / Interview with the President of the Register of Romanian Urban Planners, Professor
Emeritus Alexandru M. Sandu, conducted by Ileana Tureanu / Interview avec le Prsident du
Registre des Urbanistes Roumains, le professeur mrite Alexandru M. Sandu ralis par
Ileana Tureanu 42
Klaus R. KUNZMANN
AESOP 2012, Jubileul de Argint / AESOP 2012, the Silver Jubilee / AESOP 2012, le Jubil
dArgent 56
Arhitectura peisagistic i provocarea calitii vieii urbane. Interviu cu Simon Bell,
preedinte ECLAS / The challenges of landscape architecture of providing better city life. An
interview with Professor Simon Bell, president of ECLAS / Les dfis de larchitecture paysagre
damliorer les conditions de vie (M. Alexandru) 64
Andreea POPA
Abordarea educaiei de urbanism la nivel european / The European Approach of Education
in Urban Planning / Lapproche europenne de lducation en urbanisme 72
Eric RAIMONDEAU, Bernard LENSEL
Blocarea accesului urbanitilor diplomai la funcii publice teritoriale. Experiena francez /
Blocking the Access of Certified Urban Planners to the territorial public functions. The French
Experience / Le blocage des diploms en urbanisme dans la fonction publique territoriale 78
MASA ROTUND: Ora i dezvoltare urban, teritoriu i dezvoltare regional, educaie / City
and Urban Development, Territory and Regional Development, Education / Ville et dveloppement urbain, territoire et dveloppement rgional, ducation 82
Andreea D. UDREA
nceputurile nvmntului superior de urbanism n Romnia / The Beginnings of the
Higher Education in Urban Planning in Romania / Les dbuts de lenseignement suprieur en
urbanisme en Roumanie 97
Oana LUCA
Virgil Ioanid, formator n inginerie urban / Virgil Ioanid, a Trainer in Urban Engineering /
Virgil Ioanid, un formateur en ingnierie urbaine 106
Urbanitatea urbanismului / The Urbanity of Urban Planning / Lurbanit de lurbanisme.
Interviu cu profesor Petre Derer / Interview with Professor Petre Derer / Interview avec le
professeur Petre Derer (G. Pascariu) 108
FACULTATEA DE URBANISM UAUIM 113
Facultatea de Urbanism n peisajul universitar romnesc i european / The Faculty of Urban
Planning among the Romanian and European Universities / La Facult dUrbanisme parmi les
universits roumaines et europennes
Interviu cu decanul Facultii de Urbanism din Bucureti, Tiberiu Florescu / Interview with
the Dean of the Faculty of Urban Planning in Bucharest, Tiberiu Florescu / Interview avec le
Doyen de la Facult dUrbanisme de Bucarest, Tiberiu Florescu (M. Mnescu) 114
Angelica STAN
Inteligena educaiei, educaia inteligenei / The Intelligence of Education, the Education of
Intelligence / Lintelligence de lducation, lducation de lintelligence 116
Radu Gabriel PTRACU, Loredana MICU
Facultatea de Urbanism, serie nou / The Faculty of Urban Planning, New Series / La Facult
durbanisme, nouvelle srie 122
Un ghid al erorilor n urbanism / A Guide of the Errors in Urban Planning / Un guide des
erreurs en urbanisme. Scurt dialog cu profesor Doina Cristea / Brief Dialogue with Professor
Doina Cristea / Courte dialogue avec le professeur Doina Cristea (M. Rdulescu) 125
Florin C. MACHEDON
Master de Dezvoltare Urban Integrat 1999-2011 / Integrated Urban Development Master
Programme 1999-2001 / Master de Dveloppement Urbain Integr 1999-2001 126

URBANISMUL 14-15 / 2013

Gabriel PASCARIU
Master de Amenajarea Teritoriului i Dezvoltare Regional / Spatial Planning and Regional
Development Master Programme / Master dAmnagement du Territoire et Dveloppement
Rgional 130
Liviu IANI
Master de Management urban pentru orae competitive / Urban Management for
Competitive Cities Master Programme / Master de Gestion Urbaine pour des Villes
Comptitives 136
Mihaela Hermina NEGULESCU
Master de Mobilitate urban / Urban Mobility Master Programme / Master de Mobilit
Urbaine 142
Peisajul, ingredient al mentalului colectiv / Landscape, an Ingredient of the Collective
Mentality / Le paysage, un ingrdient du mental collectif. Interviu cu profesor Angela
Filipeanu / Interview with professor Angela Filipeanu / Interview avec Professeur Angela
Filipeanu (A. Stan) 146
Cerasella Crciun
De la peisaj natural la peisaj antropic i cultural prin lectura sensibil a peisajului. O scurt
istorie a nvmntului de specialitate peisagistic / From the Natural Landscape to the
Anthropic and Cultural Landscape through the Sensible Reading of the Landscape. A Brief
History of the Higher Education in Landscape Planning / Du paysage naturel au paysage
anthropique et culturel par la lecture sensible du paysage. Courte histoire de lenseignement
spcialis en architecture paysagre 148
Ellen FETZER
Programele intensive Erasmus: Perspectivele periferiei urbane. Studiu de caz: Bucureti /
Erasmus Intensive Programmes: Perspectives for the Urban Periphery: A Case Study from
Bucharest / Les Programmes Intensifs Erasmus: les perspective de la priphrie urbaine. Etude
de cas: Bucarest 158
Andreea POPA, Mihaela HRMNESCU
Exerciiu internaional de planificare i intervenie n peisaj: de la detaliu la teritoriu /
International Planning and Landscape Intervention Exercice: from Detail to Territory / Exercice
international de planification et dintervention dans le paysage: du dtail au territoire 164
Sorina-Georgiana RUSU
Pori deschise spre Facultatea de Urbanism / Open Gates at the Faculty of Urban Planning /
Portes ouvertes la Facult dUrbanisme 172
Sebastian GU
Asociaia Absolvenilor Urbaniti i Peisagiti din Romnia, continuitate spre
profesionalism / The Romanian Association of Urban and Landscape Planners Graduates,
Continuity to Professionalism / LAssociation des Urbanistes et Paysagistes Licencis de
Roumanie, continuit vers professionalisme 174
Matei COCHECI
Clubul Studenilor Urbaniti, o interfa ntre studeni i practica real n urbanism i amenajarea teritoriului / The Urban Planner Students Club, an Interface between Students and
Real Practice in Urban and Spatial Planning / Le Club des Etudiants Urbanistes, une interface
entre les tudiants et la pratique relle en urbanisme et amnagement du territoire 175
Radu RADOSLAV, Marius Stelian GMAN, tefana BDESCU,
Ana Maria BRANEA, Mihai-Ionu DANCIU
Metoda Peer Instruction aplicat n urbanism la Universitatea Politehnic din Timioara /
The Peer Instruction Method Applied in Urban Planning at the Polytechnical University of
Timioara / La mthode Peer Instruction applique en urbanisme lUniversit Polytechnique
de Timioara 176
Lorin NICULAE
coala de var de arhitectur social participativ ARHIPERA 2 / Social Participative
Architecture Summer School ARHIPERA 2 / Lcole dt darchitecture sociale participative
ARHIPERA 2 184

AGORA 190
ENGLISH ABSTRACTS / RESUMS EN FRANAIS 197

CUPRINS

Liviu IANI

Oraele n schimbare... i schimbri

n educaia profesionitilor

umea continu s se schimbe. Complexitatea, viteza dar i perceperea acestor schimbri au dimensiuni fr egal globalizarea e un proces caracteristic
lumii de azi, iar nelegerea modificrilor climatice este
nc n curs. Schimbri rapide vor mai fi fost n istorie,
dar nu concomitent, la o scar social i teritorial att
de mare.
Manifestndu-se n multiple planuri, schimbrile subliniaz interdependenele, inter-condiionrile dintre
mediu, economie, societate aceste inter-relaionri
sunt ele nsele subiect al cercetrilor, sunt nc nu-deplin nelese.
Schimbrile la scar global sunt evidente, n moduri
difereniate, n schimbri ale teritoriilor i ale aezrilor umane. Procesele demografice i economice afecteaz cadrul natural i modific mediul; nelegerea
teritoriului ca macro-resurs, ca purttor de identitate cultural dar i ca subiect al administrrii, aduce
peisajul n centrul ateniei ntr-o cu totul alt lumin
dect cea a tablourilor nrmate. Schimbarea n profilurile economice, virtuozitatea construciei tehnice i
creativitatea izvornd din dinamic i diversitate socio-cultural, managementul urban dar i mobilitatea
ca atribut multiplu definitoriu modific oraele de azi,
contribuie la creterea exploziv a marilor aglomeraii din rile cu economie emergent sau la intrarea
n stare de criz a unor centre urbane; aceste caracteristici ndeamn la redefinirea raporturilor ntre ora
i regiunea n care se afl, dar i la construirea de noi
aliane, la scri multiple. Oraele neleg s nvee, s
fie creative, s fie inteligente sau s fac fa cu bine
noilor provocri1.
Nu n siajul acestor schimbri, ci n mijlocul lor se
schimb educaia, ca proces de o tot mai mare importan n valorificarea potenialurilor creative i n
asimilarea de noi, multe i mai structurate cunotine
ori n deprinderea vechilor i noilor abiliti necesare
traiului n lumea de azi i ntmpinrii provocrilor de
mine.
La rndul ei, profesiunea de urbanist se schimb i
se redefinete odat cu oraul sau teritoriul, odat
cu noi practici de planificare i gestiune urban, cu

tranziia ctre administrare2 ca proces aflat n centrul

ateniei, odat cu noi tehnologii prezente sub cele mai
variate forme n diversele componente ale oraului.
Schimbri apar i n practicarea profesiunii, odat cu
afirmarea unor noi profesiuni sau cu redefinirea rolului
arhitectului, odat cu simultana cretere n importan
a specializrilor dar i a nevoii tot mai mari de multi- i
inter-disciplinaritate n nelegerea trecutului i prezentului urban i/sau teritorial, n definirea i influenarea prezentului i viitorului acestor entiti spaiale.
Educaia profesionistului i cercetarea sunt domenii
cheie att pentru managementul i crearea viitorului
oraului ori a teritoriului, ct i pentru practica profesiei de urbanist ori a celor conexe domeniului. Lor li se
adaug nevoia de nelegere i de responsabilitate n
decizii i/sau aciuni a tuturor celorlali actori urbani/
teritoriali factori decizionali, comuniti, grupuri sau
simpli ceteni, ageni economici, organizaii non-guvernamentale.
Urmnd o astfel de nelegere, decizia de a dedica un
numr al revistei Urbanismul Serie nou subiectului
Educaie a suferit, la rndul ei, o serie de fluctuaii pe
parcursul ntocmirii sumarelor, att din cauza vastitii
i complexitii subiectelor, ct i datorit contribuiilor substaniale i, n opinia mea, foarte incitante la noi
dezbateri. Astfel, acest numr este unul dublu i trateaz doar subiectul educrii profesionitilor n urbanism i amenajarea teritoriului, urmnd ca cercetrii n
domeniu s i se dedice un numr separat. Colegiul de
redacie are, totodat, intenia de a publica n viitor un
numr dedicat informrii i educrii altor actori urbani
i formrii continue a profesionitilor.
S revenim la procesele de schimbare. Oraele i celelalte aezri din ara noastr sunt marcate n evoluia
lor i de problemele cu care se confrunt Romnia n
perioada post-decembrist, n restructurrile economice i sociale, n integrarea european, n mentaliti
i n administraie.
Procese ca dezindustrializarea i apariia/ntrzierea
noilor investitori nu i-au gsit rspunsuri potrivite n
politici de dezvoltare economic. Schimbrile demografice ngrijortoare n unele regiuni, chiar drama-

2 Am preferat administrare n locul guvernanei, chiar dac primul termen pare uor obosit iar cel de-al doilea face trimitere, pentru ceteanul romn, la nivelul guvernului.

Formulele deja consacrate: learning city, creative- city, smart-city, resilient-city

EDITORIAL

14-15 / 2013 URBANISMUL

EDITORIAL / EDITORIAL / EDITORIAL

tice, expansiunea i risipirea urban, deteriorarea mediului i vulnerabilitatea patrimoniului valoros n faa
agresiunii speculative ori a indiferenei autoritilor
sunt caracteristici mai curnd generalizate. Programele i proiectele urbane reuite sunt nc rare, iar nivelul
performanelor administraiei publice este departe de
ateptri. Evoluia urbanismului n perioada post-decembrist a fost descris elocvent de unii dintre profesionitii-actori- principali n numerele 7-8 ale revistei.
Profesiile implicate n urbanism i amenajarea teritoriului i practicanii lor arhiteci, sociologi, geografi,
ingineri s-au confruntat cu noile realiti i schimbri, trebuind la rndul lor s nvee, s se re-formeze, s se specializeze. Un rol deosebit l-au avut cei pe
care-i denumim profesorii notri, ale cror interviuri
sau evocri le gzduim n acest numr dublu al revistei Doina Cristea, Petre Derer, Angela Filipeanu, Virgil
Ioanid i Alexandru Sandu avnd temeinica pregtire i experien, valorificate n cursuri i programe de
formare, n conducerea primelor cercetri i studii privind dezvoltarea urban i teritorial n noile condiii.
nfiinarea Facultii de Urbanism n Universitatea Ion
Mincu i apariia specializrii n peisagistic sunt momente eseniale care au generat profesioniti croii
pentru a se implica n dezvoltarea urban i regional,
n planificare i proiectarea urban i a peisajului, n
amenajarea teritoriului: urbanitii i peisagitii.
Educai, re-formai, specializai, toi cei menionai
mai sus i muli, muli alii, politicieni sau ali factori
de decizie din administraie, au beneficiat de multiple programe sau ateliere de formare profesional, de
stagii practice oferite n cadrul asistenei bilaterale sau
multilaterale din partea unor ri, regiuni, orae, organizaii sau experi cu experien recunoscut n dezvoltarea i planificarea urban sau teritorial. Opinii
sau poziii, nu neaprat direct legate de problematica
din ara noastr, dar relevante pentru ea, ale unor astfel de personaliti Klaus Kunzmann, Simon Bell, Bernard Lensel, Eric Raimondeau gzduiete i dosarul
tematic al acestui numr.
Att n cazul profesiunii, ct i n ceea ce privete educaia, am asistat, ntr-un fel, la regsirea unui drum
trasat de naintaii urbanitilor de azi. Dac rubrica
Repere restituie texte ce sunt dovezi ale nceputurilor, articolul Andreei Udrea3 le comenteaz i le nscrie
n contextul general al vremii.
Educaia profesionitilor n urbanism i n amenajarea
teritoriului este foarte variat la nivel European ca
domenii educaionale din care se revendic, din punctul de vedere al structurii i coninutului programelor,
ca durat, instituionalitate sau calificare pe care o

acord, ca specializri sau titluri pe care le furnizeaz.

Aceast varietate, evocat de Andreea Popa dar i de
muli dintre cei ce i exprim opiniile n articole, interviuri sau n cadrul mesei rotunde, trebuie vzut poate
mai curnd ca o bogie, ca un atu, dect ca o problem a spaiului european.
Opiniile mai multor specialiti romni n educaia profesionitilor implicai n urbanism i n amenajarea
teritoriului cuprinse n consistentul text al mesei rotunde creioneaz att probleme care ar mai trebui
incluse sau dezvoltate n programele educaionale ori
nevoia de cooperare instituional, de inter- i transdisciplinaritate, ct i locul privilegiat al capacitii
de abordare a spaiului la diverse scri ori nevoia de
transmitere ctre student a pasiunii, a normelor de etic profesional, a importanei documentrii i cercetrii neobosite a realitilor din teren prin interaciune
direct cu actorii urbani.
Dosarul tematic conine i o seciune distinct important dedicat Facultii de Urbanism din cadrul
Universitii de Arhitectur i Urbanism Ion Mincu
singura facultate din Romnia specializat n formarea
urbanitilor i peisagitilor deschis de un interviu
cu decanul facultii, Tiberiu Florescu.
Necesitatea adaptrii programelor educaionale i
nevoia de noi tehnici i metode de nvare sunt un
rezultat firesc al schimbrilor din educaie la nivel internaional evocate la nceputul acestui editorial articolul lui Radu Radoslav exemplific elocvent aceste
nevoi cu cazul unor discipline/proiecte din coala de
arhitectur Timiorean.
Varietatea subiectelor abordate i a poziiilor exprimate constituie o dovad clar a nevoii de dialog i de
dezbatere privind profesiunea/profesiunile din domeniul urbanismului i al amenajrii teritoriului. ntre
subiectele ce nu au fost abordate sau care necesit
detaliere a aminti tehnici i metode n educaie, dar
i probleme de coninut viznd economia urban sau
administraia public, managementul general sau istoria urban, planificarea comunitar, reconstruirea
peisajelor ori marketingul urban. Toate acestea sunt
indicii pentru direcii noi de investigare i dialog.
n interviul ce deschide programatic dosarul, profesorul Alexandru Sandu subliniaz nevoia structurrii
acum a logicii viitorului. Deci, a ndrzni s adaptez,
imperativul de a construi astzi specialitii de mine. Pentru noi ca profesori, rmne s reflectm cum
nvm noi nine, fiecare dintre noi, s abordm mai
cuprinztor, mai deschis i mai cu patos, fr orgolii
nguste i fr idei (prea) pre-concepute, problemele
cu care se confrunt comunitile urbane, rurale, regionale ale Romniei.

3 Autoarea unei teze de doctorat despre primele planuri urbanistice ale Bucuretiului, tez
pe care o sper tiprit n curnd.

URBANISMUL 14-15 / 2013

EDITORIAL

Changing Cities... and Changes in the

Professionals Education

he world is constantly changing. The complexity and rapidity of these changes, but also their perception, are unprecedented globalization is a process
that is characteristic for todays world, and at the same time our understanding
of climate changes is increasing. Throughout the course of history, rapid changes
occurred many times, but not simultaneously, at such a large social and territorial
scale.
Numerous changes, occurring in various domains, are underlining the interdependencies and inter-conditionings in relation to the environment, economy and
society. Not yet fully understood, these inter-relations become subjects of the
research in their essence.
The global changes are reflected in various ways in changes affecting regions and
settlements. Demographic and economic processes affect nature and modify the
environmental qualities; landscape is the focus of attention of everybody and
is now seen completely different than a framed painting, as the territory is approached as both resource and element of cultural identity, but also as subject
for management. Todays cities are modified by: economical reorganization, technical outstanding performances and creativity born out of socio-cultural dynamics and diversity; urban management and also increased mobility, as a complex
defining attribute. Consequently, large agglomerations in the emergent world
are exponentially growing and/or large cities are facing crisis; relationships between cities and their surrounding territories are redefined and new city alliances
are forged at multiple scales. Cities understand that they have to learn, to be
creative, to be intelligent or to be resilient1.
It is not on the course of the above-mentioned transformations, but in their essence, that education, as a more and more important process in the revaluation
of the creative potential, the assimilation of numerous new and more structured
knowledge or in acquiring ancient and new skills necessary for living in the contemporary world and facing future challenges, is changing.
The profession of urban planner is also changing and re-defining at the same
time with the city and the territory, with new planning and urban management
practices, with the transition from government to administration2 as a process
placed in the centre of attention, with new technologies of the most varied type
in different parts of the cities. There are changes in the professional practice too,
caused by the new emergent professions involved in the development of the cities and new professional practices for urban planners and designers, by the redefinition of the architects role along with the simultaneous increasing importance
of specializations and with the growing need for multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches in relation to a better understanding of the past and present of cities
and territories, and to the definition and influences of the present and future of
these spatial entities.
Professionals education and research are key-domains for urban management,
for defining the future of the city and territory and for the practice of urban planning and adjacent disciplines in the field. There is also an increasing need for an
understanding capacity and for responsibility in decisions and/or actions of all
the others urban/territorial actors decision makers, communities, groups or
citizens, companies, non-governmental organizations.
Faithful to this kind of understanding, the decision to dedicate an issue of Urbanismul - New Series Magazine to the subject of Education & Research has also suffered a series of fluctuations during elaboration, due to the complexity and vastness of subjects, and to the substantial contributions which, in my opinion, are
also inciting to debate. Consequently, this is a double-issue that approaches only
the subject of professionals education in urban and territorial planning; it will be
followed by a distinctive issue dedicated to the research in the field. The editorial
board also intends to draw up an issue focused on the public information and
education of various urban actors and on the professionals lifelong formation.
Coming back to the processes of change, the evolution of the cities and of the
other settlements in our country are obviously marked by the problems and challenges that Romania has been facing in the period following the events in December 89, in economic and social restructuring, EU integration, in mentalities
and public management.
Ample processes as deindustrialization and the emergence/delay of new investors have not yet found appropriate answers in the economic development
policies. Worrisome demographic evolutions dramatic in some regions -, unmanaged urban expansion and sprawl, environment deterioration and the vulnerability of valuable heritage facing speculative aggressions or the indifference
1 The already well known formulas learning city, creative city, smart city, resilient city
2 I preferred administration instead of governance even if it is obsolete; for the Romanians, the
second term is referring to the government.

EDITORIAL

of authorities, all are rather generalized characteristics. Successful programs and

projects are still rather isolated, while the level of performance in public administration is far than expected. The evolution of urban planning after 1989 has been
eloquently described by some professionals in key positions, in the issues no. 7-8
of Urbanismul New Series Magazine.
The professions involved in urban and territorial planning and the practicing professionals urban planners, architects, sociologists, geographers, engineers had
to deal with the new realities and changes, understanding that they have to learn,
to reconsider their formation, to specialize in different domains. A particularly important role has been played by those who we call our professors their interviews or evocations are included in this issue: Doina Cristea, Petre Derer, Angela
Filipeanu, Virgil Ioanid and Alexandru Sandu who shared generously their extensive knowledge and experience via courses and training programs and coordinated first works of research and studies in the new context.
The founding of the Faculty of Urban Planning at the Ion Mincu University of
Architecture and the setting up of the Landscape Planning and Design specialization are essential moments which generated professionals fit for new practices
and challenges in urban and territorial planning and development, in urban and
landscape design: urban planners and landscape planners.
All the professionals mentioned above, who have undergone through programs
of education, re-formation and specialization, and many others as well politicians, public officers have benefited all these years from numerous programs or
workshops of training, practice stages offered within the bilateral or multilateral
assistance by countries, regions, cities, organizations or reputed experts in the
field. Opinions and positions, not necessarily referring to our country, but relevant for the national situation, belonging to personalities like Klaus Kunzmann,
Simon Bell, Bernard Lensel, Eric Raimondeau are reproduced in the thematic dossier of this issue.
We are witnessing, in this issue, the finding of a lost path of the profession and of
the professionals education drawn by the predecessors of the todays urban planners. The section Benchmarks (Repere) restitutes the first texts dealing with
professional education in urban planning in Romania and Andreea Udreas article
comments upon them in the historical context.
The variety of the educational programs in the domains of urban and territorial
development is widespread throughout Europe in terms of the origin of the
educational fields, of structure and contents of the proposed programs, of specialization or titles delivered. This diversity, evoked by Andreea Popa, but also by
many authors expressing their thoughts in articles, interviews or at the round
table, should probably be seen as a wealth, as a competitive advantage, rather
than a problem of the European space.
The opinions of several Romanian experts in professionals education involved
in urban and territorial planning, professors in various universities and specialties included in the consistent material resulting from the debates at the round
table outline rather clear subjects that are still to be included or developed in
educational programs, or the need of institutional cooperation, and of inter- and
trans-disciplinarity. They also point out the pre-eminent role of the capacity of
multi-scalar space approach in education, the need of transmitting professional
enthusiasm and also norms of professional ethics, the importance of documentation and field-research, by means of the direct interaction with urban actors.
The thematic dossier also contains an important separate section, dedicated to
the Faculty of Urban Planning within the Ion Mincu University of Architecture
and Urban Planning the only faculty in Romania which is specialized in the education of urban and landscape planners opened by an interview with its dean,
Tiberiu Florescu.
The necessity of adapting the educational programs and that of using new and
various learning techniques and methods is the natural result of the changes in
education mentioned at the beginning of this editorial. Radu Radoslavs article
eloquently exemplifies these needs presenting the case of some disciplines/projects studied at the School of Architecture in Timioara.
The variety of the approached topics and the expressed positions are a clear indicator of the need for dialogue and debate regarding the co-working of all professions involved in urban and territorial planning and development. Among the
topics barely approached or absent in the pages of this issue, I would mention
many techniques and methods in education (GIS, CAD etc) and also content issues regarding urban economy, public administration, general management or
urban history, community planning, landscape reconstruction or urban marketing. All these are to be seen as indicating new directions for investigation and
dialogue.
In his interview that opens programmatically the thematic dossier, emeritus
professor Alexandru Sandu emphasizes the need to structure now the logic for
the future. So, I would dare to adapt, the importance of building today the experts for tomorrow. For each of us, as teachers, the task is obviously to reflect
on how to learn to approach in a more comprehensive, open-minded and passionate way, without petty pride and preconceived ideas, the challenges that the
urban, rural and regional communities in Romania are facing.
14-15 / 2013 URBANISMUL

Les villes en changement...

et des changements
dans lducation des professionnels

e monde ne cesse pas de changer. La complexit, la vitesse, mais aussi la perception

de ces changements ont des dimensions sans gal - la globalisation est un processus qui caractrise le monde contemporain, et la comprhension des modifications
climatiques est encore en cours de dveloppement. Au cours dhistoire, se sont passs
des changements rapides mais pas simultanment, une chelle sociale et territoriale
si haute.
En se manifestant sur des plans multiples, les changements soulignent les interdpendances, linterconditionement entre le milieu, lconomie, la socit ces interrelations sont elles-mmes sujet des recherches, et ne sont pas encore compltement
comprises.
Les changements lchelle globale sont vidents, en manires diffrentes, dans les
modifications des territoires et des habitats humains. Les transformations dmographiques et conomiques affectent le cadre de vie et modifient le milieu; la perception
du territoire comme macro ressource , comme porteur didentit culturelle mais
aussi comme sujet de ladministration, apporte le paysage au centre de lattention
dans une lumire entirement diffrente que celle des tableaux encadrs. Le changement dans les profils conomiques, la virtuosit de la construction technique et la
crativit originaire de la dynamique et de la diversit socio-culturelle, le management
urbain mais aussi la mobilit comme attribut multiple dfinitoire, modifient les villes
contemporaines, contribuent laugmentation explosive de grandes agglomrations
dans les pays avec une conomie mergente ou lentre dans la crise de certains
centres urbains; ces caractristiques encouragent la redfinition des rapports entre
la ville et la rgion dans laquelle elle est situe, mais aussi la cration des nouvelles
alliances, aux chelles multiples. Les villes comprennent dapprendre, dtre cratives, dtre intelligentes ou de faire face aux nouvelles provocations.1
Ce nest pas dans le sillage de ces changements que lducation se transforme, mais
lintrieur, comme un processus dune importance qui augmente constantement par
rapport la valorisation des potentiels cratifs et lassimilation des connaissances
nouvelles, nombreuses et plus structures ou la matrise de lancien et nouveau savoir-faire ncessaire pour vivre dans le monde contemporain et pour faire face aux
dfies de demain.
La profession durbaniste change, son tour en mme temps que la ville ou le
territoire, en mme temps que les nouvelles pratiques de planification et gestion
urbaine, la transition vers ladministration2 comme processus situ au centre de
lattention, les nouvelles technologies prsentes dans les plus varies formes dans les
diverses composants de la ville, mais aussi par rapport la pratique de la profession,
en mme temps que laffirmation de nouvelles professions ou la redfinition du rle
de larchitecte, en mme temps que l augmentation simultane de limportance des
spcialisations mais aussi du besoin toujours plus grande pour multi- et interdisciplinarit dans la comprhension du pass et du prsent urbain et/ou territorial, dans la
dfinition et les influences du prsent et du futur de ces entits spatiales.
Lducation du professionnel et la recherche sont des domaines-clef, tant pour le management et la cration du futur de la ville ou du territoire, que pour la pratique de la
profession durbaniste ou des celles connexes dans le domaine. ceux-ci lon ajoute
le besoin de comprhension et de responsabilit dans les dcisions et/ou actions de
tous les autres acteurs urbains/territoriaux - facteurs de dcision, communauts,
groupes ou simples citoyens, agents conomiques, organisations non gouvernementales.
la suite dun tel accord, la dcision de ddier un numro de la revue LUrbanisme
Srie nouvelle au sujet Education a souffert, son tour, des fluctuations pendant llaboration des sommaires, tant cause de la vastit et complexit des sujets, que grce
aux contributions substantielles et, mon avis, trs incitantes aux nouveaux dbats.
De sorte que ce numro est lun double et traite seulement le sujet de lducation des
professionnels en urbanisme et lamnagement du territoire; il rsulte quun numro
distinct sera ddi la recherche dans le domaine. En mme temps, le comit de direction a lintention de publier dans le futur un numro ddi linformation et lducation des autres acteurs urbains et la formation continue des professionnels.
Revenons aux processus de changement les villes et les autres habitats de notre pays
sont marqus dans leur volution aussi par les problmes auxquels la Roumanie est
confronte dans la priode post-dcembriste, dans les restructurations conomiques
et sociales, dans lintgration europenne, dans les mentalits et ladministration.
Des processus comme la dsindustrialisation et lapparition/retardement de nouveaux
investisseurs nont pas encore trouvs des rponses adquates dans des politiques de
dveloppement conomique. Des changements dmographiques inquitants et
dans certaines rgions, dramatiques lexpansion et la dissipation urbaine, la dtrioration du milieu et la vulnrabilit du patrimoine de grande valeur face lagression
spculative ou lindiffrence des autorits sont des caractristiques plutt gnrali1 Les formulas dj consacres: learning city, creative city, smart city, resilient city
2 Nous avons prfr le mot administration la place de gouvernance mme si le premier terme
semble un peu fatigu et le deuxime renvoy, en ce qui concerne le citoyen roumain, au niveau du
gouvernement.

URBANISMUL 14-15 / 2013

ses. Les programmes et les projets urbains russis sont encore rares, et le niveau des
performances de ladministration publique est loin des attentes. Lvolution de lurbanisme dans la priode post-dcembriste a t dcrite, dune manire loquente, par
certains professionnels-acteurs principaux dans les numros 7-8 de la revue.
Les professions impliques dans lurbanisme et lamnagement du territoire et leurs
pratiquants architectes, sociologues, gographes, ingnieurs se sont confronts
avec les nouvelles ralits et changements, et ils ont d, leur tour, apprendre, se reformer, se spcialiser. Un rle particulier lont eu ceux que nous appelons nos professeurs, dont les entretiens et les vocations nous hbergeons dans ce double numro
de la revue Doina Cristea, Petre Derer, Angela Filipeanu, Virgil Ioanid et Alexandru
Sandu ayant une instruction et exprience solide, valorises dans des cours et des
programmes de formation, dans la coordination de premires recherches et tudes
concernant le dveloppement urbain et territorial par rapport aux nouvelles conditions.
La cration de la Facult dUrbanisme dans le cadre de lUniversit Ion Mincu et
lapparition de la spcialisation en planification du paysage sont autant des moments
essentiels qui ont gnrs des professionnels faonns pour simpliquer dans le
dveloppement urbain et rgional, dans la planification et le design urbain et dans
la planification du paysage, dans lamnagement du territoire: les urbanistes et les
paysagistes.
Eduqus, re-forms, spcialiss, tous ceux qui ont t mentionns ci-dessus et beaucoup dautres, politiciens ou des autres facteurs de dcision de ladministration, ont
bnfici de multiples programmes ou ateliers de formation professionnelle, des stages pratiques offerts dans le cadre de lassistance bilatrale ou multilatrale de la part
des pays, rgions, villes, organisations ou experts dont lexprience est reconnue dans
le dveloppement et la planification urbaine et territoriale. Le dossier thmatique
de ce numro hberge des opinions ou des positions, non ncessairement lis directement la problmatique du notre pays, mais dificateurs pour elle, des personnalits
comme: Klaus Kunzmann, Simon Bell, Bernard Lensel, Eric Raimondeau.
Tant au cas de la profession, qu`en ce qui concerne lducation, nous avons assist,
dune certaine manire, au retrouvement dun chemin trac par les prcurseurs
des urbanistes daujourd`hui. Si la rubrique Repres restitue des textes qui sont
des tmoignages des dbuts, larticle crit par Andreea Udrea analyse ces textes et les
inscrit dans le contexte gnral de lpoque.
Lducation des professionnels en urbanisme et lamnagement du territoire est trs
varie au niveau europen comme domaines ducationnels dont ils se revendiquent, du point de vue de la structure et du contenu des programmes, comme dure, institutionalit ou qualification qu`ils accordent, comme spcialisations ou titres
qu`ils fournissent. Cette varit, voque, par Andreea Popa mais aussi par nombreux
dautres qui expriment leurs opinions dans des articles, entretiens ou dans le cadre
de la table ronde, doit tre probablement vue plutt comme une richesse, comme un
avantage, qu`un problme de lespace europen.
Les opinions de plusieurs spcialistes roumains dans lducation des professionnels
impliqus dans lurbanisme et lamnagement du territoire contenues dans le texte
substantiel de la table ronde crayonnent tant de problmes qui devront tre inclus
ou dvelopps dans les programmes ducationnels ou le besoin de coopration institutionnelle, dinter et transdisciplinarit, que la place privilgie de la capacit daborder lespace aux diffrentes chelles ou le besoin de transmettre ltudiant la passion,
les normes de lthique professionnelle, limportance de la documentation et de la
recherche diligente des ralits sur les lieux par linteraction directe avec les acteurs
urbains.
Le dossier thmatique contient aussi une importante section particulire ddie la
Facult dUrbanisme dans le cadre de lUniversit dArchitecture et Urbanisme Ion
Mincu la seule facult en Roumanie spcialise dans la formation des urbanistes et
paysagistes ouverte par une interview avec le doyen de la facult, Tiberiu Florescu.
La ncessit dadapter les programmes ducationnels et le besoin de nouvelles techniques et mthodes denseignement sont un rsultat naturel des changements dans
lducation au niveau international voqus au dbut de cet ditoriale larticle crit
par Radu Radoslav reprsente une dmonstration loquente de ces besoins par rapport au cas de certains disciplines/projets de lcole darchitecture de Timioara.
La varit des sujets attaqus et des positions exprimes constitue la preuve distincte
du besoin de dialogue et de dbat concernant la profession/les professions dans le
domaine durbanisme et de lamnagement du territoire. Parmi les sujets qui nont pas
t attaqus ou qui ncessitent des dtails, nous mentionnerons des techniques et
des mthodes en ducation, mais aussi des problmes de fond faisant allusion lconomie urbaine ou ladministration publique, le management gnral ou lhistoire urbaine, la planification communautaire, la reconstruction des paysages ou le marketing
urbain. Tous sont des signes pour de nouvelles directions dinvestigation et dialogue.
Dans linterview qui fait lintroduction programmatique du dossier thmatique, le professeur mrite Alexandru Sandu souligne le besoin de structurer maintenant la
logique de lavenir. Donc, jose adapter, limportance de construire aujourd`hui
les spcialistes de demain. Et, bien sr, il nous reste ( nous, les professeurs) de rflchir comment apprendre nous-mmes, chacun de nous, aborder dune manire
plus vaste, plus ouverte, et plus emphatique, sans orgueils troits et sans ides (trop)
prconues, les problmes auxquels les communauts urbaines, rurales et rgionales
de la Roumanie se confrontent.
EDITORIAL