Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Histologic findings:
Spleen: Red pulp expanded with well differentiated and atypical histiocytes and
erythrophagocytic histiocytes occasionally with MNGC: EMH; thrombi
Liver: atypical histiocytes in portal vein and extension into parenchyma via sinuses:
EMH
Bone marrow: infiltrated by hemophagocytic histiocytes
Lung: Atypical histiocytes w/I alveolar septa
Acute and Chronic gas Bubble lesions in Cetaceans Stranded in the United Kingdom
(pages 291-305)
• Multiple gas filled cavitary lesions grossly in liver, occasionally in kidney
• Cavitary lesions surrounded by fibrosis in liver
• Lesions occasionally associated with necrosis
• Fat emboli found in lungs
• Etiology and pathogenesis unknown—not infectious
Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins on the surface of uinary epithelium as part of
“urothelial plaque”
UPIIb is highly sensitive marker for bovine urothelial tumors but does not correlate with
biologic behavior
BPV-2 was detected in all tumors
Soft tissue mineralization due to high phosphorus and low PYH concentration that
predisposed to vascular mineralization-related to nutritional secondary
hyperparathyroidism
Characterization of the cDNA Encoding IIb and ß3 in Normal Horses and Two
Horses with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
P. W. Christopherson; T. A. Insalaco; V. L. van Santen; L. Livesey; C. Bourne
Glanzmann thrombastenia=intrinsic platelet defect of platelet glycoprotein complexs IIb-
IIIa ( integrin α IIbβ 3) see impaired clot retraction and platelet aggregation
Vet Pathol
August 4, 2005
Kei K
"Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales
(Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals
A. Fernández; J. F. Edwards; F. Rodríguez; A. Espinosa de los Monteros; P.
Herráez; P. Castro; J. R. Jaber; V. Martín; M. Arbelo
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 446-457.
If you see perivascular hemorrhage, congestion, and gas and fat emboli in the brain of a
beaked whale in the exam, think about “gas and fat embolic syndrome”
Pathogenesis appears to involve exposure to mid frequency sonar signal
"Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales
(Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals
-Gas and fat emboli occur in stranded cetaceans exposed to sonar and causes a DCS like
lesion that leads to stranding
Gross lesions: congestion and hemorrhage of brain and kidneys
Memo: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors – positive for S100 and neuron-specific enolase
Memo:
Helicobacter sp. may have a role in the disease development in cholangiohepatitis
and hepatocellular carcinoma in ferrets – further study is necessary to verify this
speculation
Aleutian disease virus (parvovirus) infection in ferrets causes hepatitis
characterized by bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus are both
Novirhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae family – rabies virus Rhabdoviridae Lyssavirus) in
trout. Primary target organs are hematopoietic tissues of kidney and spleen.
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia : edema and hemorrhage of intestinal mucosa;
endotheliotropic-vascular damage; hemorrhage of gills, muscle, and abdominal
organs; affects older fish.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis : clinical signs and gross lesions; acute necrosis
of the stratum granulosum of the intestinal mucosa is pathognomonic; focal
hemorrhage and degeneration of hematopoietic tissue; some pancreatic
hemorrhage and necrosis.
Cats Differ from Mink and Ferrets in Their Response to Commercial Vaccines: A
Histologic Comparison of Early Vaccine Reactions
E. Eggers Carroll; R. R. Dubielzig; R. D. Schultz
Memo:
• Raccoon dogs seems to be an important vector and reservoir for Trichinella in
Finland
• Within a muscle cell, the Trichinella larvae curl up and direct the cells functioning
much as a virus does. The cell is called “nurse cell”
• The cysts of T. native were more rounded than those of T. spiralis
• The capsules around the nurse cell of T. native was thicker than those of T.
spiralis
Memo:
• Lymphagiosarcoma is a rare tumor in domestic animals characterized by the
absence of red blood cells within vascular channels lined by abnormal endothelial
cells and the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the stroma
• Collagen IV, a major constituent of basement membrane and laminin, a major
non-collagenous component of basement membrane – scarce or the absence of
these staining would be indicative of a discontinuous basement membrane,
lymphatics
Memo:
LIPOMA (benign tumor of well-differentiated adipose tissue), 3 types of tumors
in the
Meuten as following:
• Lipomas
• Fibrolipomas – contain bands of collagenous connective tissue
Angiofibrolipomas – mentioned in this article, contain vascular
tissue and bands of collagenous connective tissue
• Angiolipomas – contain cluster of small blood vessels
A main differential of an infiltrative angiolipomas is intramuscular hemangiomas
Fibrin thrombi can be seen in angiofibrolipomas, angiolipomas, and intramuscular
hemangioma
Acute and Chronic Gas Bubble Lesions in Cetaceans Stranded in the United
Kingdom
P. D. Jepson; R. Deaville; I. A. P. Patterson; A. M. Pocknell; H. M. Ross; J. R.
Baker; F. E. Howie; R. J. Reid; A. Colloff; A. A. Cunningham
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 291-305.
Memo: The etiology and pathogenesis of gas bubble lesions in abdominal viscera in
cetaceans are unknown. Decompression of nitrogen might be playing a role.
Memo: Lipid-rich carcinomas of the canine and feline mammary gland are extremely
uncommon.
KIT-positive Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a 22-year-old Male Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodites)
G. A. Saturday; J. Lasota; D. Frost; K. B. Brasky; G. Hubbard; M. Miettinen
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 362-365.
Memo:
KIT (a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligand is stem cell factor) and PDGFRA
(platelet
derived growth factor receptor α) are members of type III tyrosine kinase receptor
family and great majority of HUMAN gastrointestinal stromal tumors carry
specific KIT
or PDGFRA mutations.
Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins on the surface of uinary epithelium as part of
“urothelial plaque”
UPIIb is highly sensitive marker for bovine urothelial tumors but does not correlate with
biologic behavior
BPV-2 was detected in all tumors
Note: Very technical paper regarding heteroduplex (native and denatured cDNA) PCR
analysis for feline B-cell lymphoma
Summary:
The study showed that mutation (somatic point mutation or deletions) of the C-terminal
domain of PTEN (chromosome 10) occurred frequently in canine hemangiosarcoma.
PTEN inhibits cell proliferation and activates apoptosis tumor-suppressive
activity
• Gap junctions are the only communicating junctions found in animal tissues,
which are responsible for the direct traffic of molecules with M.W. < 1,000 to
2,000 dalton.
• Gap junctions are composed of connexins, connexin 26 and connexin 43.
• It is known that there is reduction in gap junction intercellular communication in
malignant tumors.
• This study showed that “generally” malignant canine mammary tumors expressed
a less intense Cx 26, Cx 43, and E-cadherin while high cell proliferation rates
(PCNA) as determined by immunohistochemistry.
• Systemic hypertension is often seen in cats (and humans) with renal failure and
following renal transplantation
• Vessel over distension due to (acute) high pressure > breakdown of the blood-
brain barrier with opening of the endothelial junctions > leakage of plasma
protein into the extracellular space (vasogenic edema)
• Common pathologic findings: diffuse brain edema, cerebral arteriolosclerosis
(mainly affect arterioles), and parenchymal microhemorrhages
_____________________________
Progressive proliferative & dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging Syrian hamsters
naturally infected with Helicobacter spp.: a spontaneous model of inflammatory
bowel disease. pp2-14. Jan 2006 AR. Hamsters and Helicobacter spp. infection: large
bowel hyperplasia, and dysplasia in ileocecocolic junction/ Tumors: malignant fibrous
histiocytoma & round cell sarcoma./ Hamsters and enteric disease: Clostridium difficile
overgrowth: typically causes necrotizing fatal typhlocolitis; linked to proliferative
typhlocolitis in adults/ Lawsonia intracellularis: proliferative enteritis / Giardia:
enterotyphlocolitis in aging hamsters/ Campylobacter jejuni: reservoirs::: Round cell
tumor such as gastric lymphomas have been associated with: H. pylori in humans, H.
mustelae in ferrets, H. felis in mice.
Giant cell osteosarcoma (OSA) in the calvarium of a cat. pp179-82. March 2006 MT
- Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) VIM +, TRAP+, CD68, CD51 ; neg for S-100,
CK (suggests ocl origin);
- MGCs also MHC-II neg (suggests obl origin)
- ambiguous identity
Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Chronic Gastritis in Two Related Persian Cats. Vet
Pathol 43:358-362 (2006 May)
- Intralesional adult Ollulanus tricuspis nematodes and rare surface-associated spiral-
shaped bacteria were identified in one cat.
- No reports of gastric adenocarcinoma associated with O. tricuspis infection in the cat.
- Other helminths: Spirocerca lupi, Schistosoma sp., and Taenia taeniaeformis larvae,
are associated
- Helicobacter spp. associated with gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, ferrets
- Noninfectious chronic inflammatory lesions affecting the cat have a propensity for
malignant transformation: vaccine-associated sarcoma and trauma-induced uveal sarcoma
Equine
2 cases of equine abortion caused by Rhodococcus equi. pp208-11. March 2006 JTP
- ubiquitous soil bacterium; infects horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, llamas, cats, humans
- usu. foal (2-6 months old) lesions: pyogranulomatous pneumonia, lymphadenitis,
polyarthritis, ulcerative enteritis
- Abortions at 7 & 8 months of gestation; cultured from aborted equine fetuses before,
but rare cause (JVDI 2002)
- FETUS: diffuse pyogranulomatous pneumonia w/numerous Gm+ coccobacilli w/in
cytoplasm of macs, MNGC (Langhans), less commonly neutrophils; similar lesions to
those observed in foals
- enhanced EMH w/megakaryocytosis in liver & spleen
- isolated from lung, liver, spleen, & stomach contents
- VapA antigen = virulence factor of R. equi; present in virulent strains
Comparison of histopathologic criteria & skeletal muscle fixation techniques for the
dx of polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) in horses. pp257-69. May 2006 NW
- Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is most accurately diagnosed in muscle
biopsy specimens on the basis of appearance of amylase-resistant, abnormal
polysaccharide, NOT amylase-sensitive glycogen, regardless of fixation technique.
- In general, frozen sections appeared to be better suited for studying myopathies
because many histopathologic features of skeletal muscle were obscured by formalin
fixation.
Serial transverse sections of skeletal muscle; horse with polysaccharide storage myopathy
(EPSSM):
Subsarcolemmal (arrowheads) and multiple intracytoplasmic (arrows) aggregates of
periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive and amylase-sensitive glycogen, all of which express
ubiquitin
Large Animal/Bovine
1st & 2nd cattle passage of transmissible mink encephalopathy by intracerebral
inoculation pp118-26. March 2006 NW
- Intracerebrally inoculated cattle amplify transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME)
PrPres and develop clinical CNS signs and extensive lesions of spongiform
encephalopathy.
- Cattle inoculated with other TSE agents (scrapie and CWD) do NOT develop clinical
CNS signs or SE lesions.
- The current diagnostic techniques for BSE detect TME in cattle, but it is a diagnostic
challenge to differentiate TME in cattle from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology,
or the presence of PrPres by IHC and Western Blots.
- Scrapie PrPSc causes lesions comparable to TME in mink
- The severity of spongiform change in cattle infected with TME-derived prion protein
ranks as follows:
Midbrain (superior colliculus) > brain stem (obex) > cerebellum >
hippocampus
Swine
Expression of Mx protein & interferon-α (IFN-α) in pigs experimentally infected
with swine influenza virus. pp161-67. March 2006 NW
- Mx protein and IFN-α antigen were expressed in the lung from pigs experimentally
infected with swine influenza virus
- Simultaneous detection of viral RNA, Mx protein, and IFN-α in the
bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and macrophages in lung
- Probably, the cells infected virus produce Mx protein and IFN-α
- Mx proteins mediate antiviral activity of IFN-α
- Antiviral activity of IFN-α in swine influenza is mediated by all of the following:
- 2’5’oligoadenylate synthetase, Protein kinase R, Mx1 protein
Mx proteins inhibit synthesis of viral protein
Laboratory Animal
Expression of terminal differentiation proteins defines stages of mouse mammary
gland development. pp36-49. Jan 2006 MT [tough article]
- IHC on paraffin sections used to evaluate ptn expression while preserving architecture;
assessed changes in patterns of expression of terminal differentiation markers throughout
development of mouse mamm. gland
- Expression of SMA & keratin 5 (K5), K8/18, K14 influenced by development stage
of mamm. gland
- K5 & SMA restricted to basal cells; K14 consistently expressed by basal cells, & in
scattered luminal cells from post-conception day (PCD) 13.5 thru puberty
- K8/18 of luminal cells heterogenous at all times (suggests this layer has cells w/variety
of biological fxns)
- K6 not expressed at any stage – so this intermediate filament NOT a marker of mamm.
gland stem cell (K6 typically associated w/epidermal proliferation, & is seen in some
preneoplastic & neoplastic mouse mamm. lesions)
- No expression of K1, K10, K13, K15, filaggrin, involucrin, or loricrin at any stage (last
3 are epidermal differentiation markers in stratum granulosum of nml epidermis; K1 &
K10 are suprabasal terminal differentiation ptns)
Cerebellar hypoplasia associated w/an avian leukosis virus inducing fowl glioma.
pp294-301. May 2006 AR
• Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV) (in ALV subgroup A)→ astrocytoma, perineurioma
• Chickens inoculated w/FGV via yolk sac on day 7 incubation→ cerebellar hypoplasia
• Apoptotic granular cells were frequently observed in external granular layer and
molecular layer
• Cell loss induced obstruction of granular cell migration and disarrangement of
Bergmann's fibers in the molecular layer
The 2000 canine distemper epidemic in Caspian seals: pathology & analysis of
contributory factors. pp321-38. May 2006 COVER MT
- 10K dead seals in Caspian sea in 1 summer, following very mild winter; MF
pulmonary consolidation in both lungs
- Similar to K9 distemper: broncho-interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic necrosis &
lymphoid depletion, ICIB in multiple epithelia
- Degeneration/necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium, w/sloughing & vacuolation; infiltrate
of neuts & lymphocytes; many bronchiolar ep cells w/ICIB; found Morbillivirus Ag
- Only other viral lesion identified was poxvirus-associated dermatitis (in one seal)
- Concurrent bacterial dz: Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus phocae, Salmonella
dublin, S. choleraesuis, plus other infectious & parasitic orgs
West Nile Flavivirus polioencephalomyelitis in a harbor seal. pp58-61. Jan 2006 JTP
- WNV: Flavirus; transmitted by mosquitos; febrile, sometimes fatal illness
- progressive neuro dysfunction
- gross: hyperemia of brainstem & spinal cord vessels
- histo: nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis with glial nodules, spheroids,
neuronophagia, ring hemorrhages, a few
neutrophils; mostly grey matter of brainstem & spinal cord; no lesions in other
organs
- neurons, fibers, glial nodules with multifocal positivity with intracytoplasmic WNV
esp. prominent w/in viable & necrotic neurons of ventral horns
st
- 1 report of WNV in marine mammal; findings similar to WNV infection in horses &
alpacas; dead-end hosts
Massive mortality of common carp in the St. Lawrence River in 2001: diagnostic
investigation & experimental induction of lymphocytic encephalitis. pp302-10. May
2006 NW
- A definitive single cause of the massive mortality that affected carp in the ST.
Lawrence River in 2001 was not determined.
- Exclusively affecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) in St. Lawrence River,
Canada, during summer of 2001
- Multifocal necrotizing dermatitis, necrotizing branchitis, coelomic inflammatory
effusion, encephalitis, and erosive enteritis
- The ultimate causes of mortality: Immunosuppression induced by stressors w/
opportunistic bacterial infection (Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium sp.)
and possibly enhanced by an infection causing lymphocytic encephalitis
(unknown etiology)
MISCELLANEOUS INFO:
• Sequences in expression of the markers during muscle development: Vimentin ™¨
desmin ™¨ myoglobin
• Neoplasms expressing both vimentin and cytokeratin include:
- Synovial sarcoma, Mesothelioma, Melanoma, Chordoma
- Sertoli cell tumor, Thyroid tumors,
- Renal carcinoma, Highly anaplastic carcinoma
• Natural infection of cowpox virus is most common in: Rodents