104

00320

2010

8.4 m PD = 22 tf
PL = 35 tf 1(a)Es = 2040 tf/cm2
10 30
A70936 Fy = 2.52 tf/cm2 1(b)
v = 0.9kv = 5.0

PD

PD

PL

PL

tf

:
BH HBtwtf
: mm

tw

3@2.8 = 8.4 m
B

1(a)
Fy = 2.52 tf/cm2 ,

Cb = 1.0

235
BH 8204001625 (254 kg/m)

BH 5005002540 (396 kg/m)

(tf-m)

BH 6004001940 (329 kg/m)

BH 8263501628 (251 kg/m)
BH 6103501945 (325 kg/m)

230

BH 8703501625 (240 kg/m)

BH 9203001925 (247 kg/m)

227
2.0

3.0

Lb (m)

1(b)

4.0

5.0


00320

104

H 2 C20075
HBtwtf = 20075612.5 mm 2.5 cm A325 1.6 cm
H 35 cm A992 Fy = 3.5 tf/cm2Fu = 4.6 tf/cm2
E70 FE70 = 4.9 tf/cm2Es = 2040 tf/cm2
20
w10
T
4

Y
Cy

10

tw

35
5

: cm

10

tf
B

2 C20075
3 SM400Fy = 2.52 tf/cm2Es = 2040 tf/cm2
k = 2.0 10 20
rcm
Pa = 21.1 tf Lcm
Pa

Cy

20 cm

X
30 cm
Y

C20075
Ix = 1970 cm4
Iy = 170 cm4
2
X A = 29.9 cm
Cy = 2.49 cm

104

00320

10 20
BHRH I
SN

s2
wn = wg d h +
, Tds = 0.9 Fy Ag , Tds = 0.75 Fu Ae , U = 0.9, 0.85, 0.75
4g
Fu Ant 0.6 Fu Anv , Rn = [ 0.6 Fy Agv + Fu Ant ] [ 0.6 Fu Anv + Fu Ant ]

0.6 Fu Anv Fu Ant , Rn = [ 0.6 Fu Anv + Fy Agt ] [ 0.6 Fu Anv + Fu Ant ]

R n = (0.75)(0.6FExx )(t)(L)

c =

Fy kl Fy
=
Fcr r E

[ (

)]

, Fcr = exp 0.419 2c Fy

( KL r ) 2
F
1
2 y
C
2
2 2 E
c

C c=
, F a=
Fy
5 3 KL r 1 ( KL r ) 3
+

3 8 C c 8 C c3
80 ry
Lp =
Fyf

ry X 1
, Lr =
1 + 1 + X 2 FL 2
FL

0.877
Fy
, Fcr =
2

12 2 E
, Fa =
23 (KL r )2
2

M1
M1
, Cb = 1.75 + 1.05
+ 0.3
2.3
M2
M
2

Lb L p
Cb S x X 1 2
X 12 X 2
) M p , M cr =
1+
Mp
M n = Cb M p ( M p M r )(
2
L
L
L
r
(
/
)

L
r
2
(
/
)
b
y
r
p
b
y

h
kv
50
tw
Fyw

, Vn = 0.6 Fyw Aw

50

kv
h
kv
< 62
Fyw t w
Fyw

62

kv
h
1860 k v
< 260 , Vn =
Aw
Fyw t w
(h / t w )2

, Vn = 0.6 Fyw Aw

50 k v / Fyw
h / tw

103

00320

AISC-LRFD

Fcr (0.658) Fy
2
c

Fcr (

0.877

2c

) Fy

KL Fy
10
r E
Fcr/Fy c
350 MPa 450 MPa 10

K 5

SN490B ASTM A572 Grade 50

25
ASTM A572 Gr.50 W2193 4 m
Mux=400 kN-m
Muy=50 kN-m
LRFD25
Fy=350 MPa, Fr= 78 MPa
W21 93 Sx=3146316 mm3, Sy=362154 mm3, Zx=3621541 mm3,
Zy=568631 mm3, d=548.6 mm, bf=214 mm, tf=23.6 mm,
tw=14.7 mm, p=9.19, r=22.3, Lp=2 m, Lr=5.8 m

12.5M max
Cb
2.5M max 3M A 4M B 3M c

103

00320

W1490 ASTM A572

Grade 50 AISC-LRFD 3.75 m(<Lp)
Kx=1.79Ky=1.0
9000 kN 600 kN 5/100025
Pu

Ma

Pu kN

Ma kN-m

Mb kN-m

1.2D+0.5L

1600

110

70

1.0E

450

200

200

Mb

Pu

W1490
Fy=350 MPa, E=200 GPa, Zx=2572769 mm3, Ix=415815194 mm4, A=17097 mm2,
rx=156 mm, ry=94 mm

M ux
M uy
Pu

, Pu 0.2Pn

2Pn M nx M ny
M uy
Pu 8 M ux
, Pu 0.2Pn

Pn 9 M nx M ny
B1

Cm
1
B2
1 ( Pu / HL )
1 ( Pu / Pe )

102

00320

1 d = 0.6 DSection modulus

SxPlastic section modulusZx Shape factorf =
Sx Zx D 25
d

1
2 w CD E = 2,040 tf/cm2
L = 6 m Ic = 30,094 cm4 Ib = 136,108 cm4 AISC
Alignment Chart LeMessurier formula AB
KAB wcr(tf/m) = BC = 240 tf/m2
d(m) = 25
Fixed end G 1hinged end G 10
w
w

L
A

D
L

GA

GB

50.0
10.0
5.0

1.0

50.0
10.0
5.0

3.0

0.9

3.0

2.0

2.0
0.8

1.0

1.0

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

0.7

0.4
0.3
0.6

0.2

GA
100.0
50.0
30.0
20.0

GB
20.0
10.0
5.0
4.0

20.0

10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0

3.0

10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0

4.0

2.0

4.0

0.4

3.0

0.3

2.0

3.0
2.0
1.5

0.2

1.0

1.0
0.1

100.0
50.0
30.0

0.1

0.5

LeMessurier formula K =

1.0

Pe P

PI PeK

PI K
PeEuler buckling load
P
PeKBuckling load

102

00320

3 P 16 m A
C 3 B x-z
W14 61 E =2,040 tf/cm2
Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2A = 116 cm2d =35.3 cmtw = 0.952 cmbf = 25.4 cmtf = 1.64 cm
Ix = 26,700 cm4Iy = 4,480 cm4
ASD Pa = 15
LRFDcPn = 10
z
z
C

C
0.4L
0.4L
B

L
0.6L
0.6L

x-z
x-z

y-z
y-z

K
K

-
0.5
0.65

-
0.7
0.8

-
1.0
1.0

*
*- *- *-
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.2
2.0
2.1

4 P H LRFD
BC Second-order design momentMu B1B2MntMlt
BC Alignment Chart25
Fixed end G 1hinged end G 10
A

EI

EI

EI
C
1.5LL

1.5LL

4
B1 =
PeK

Cm
1.0 C m = 0.6 0.4(M A / M B )
1 Pu / PeK

Pe
2 EI
1

=
=
B
=
2
1 Pu /PeK
(KL)2 (K) 2


1012
00320

ASTM A572 Gr.50 W1490 10 m

5.8 kN/m
WLkN/mLRFD
WL25
Fy = 350 MPa, Fr = 69 MPa
W1490 Sx = 2343350 mm3, Zx = 2572769 mm3
d = 356 mm, bf = 368 mm, tf = 18 mm
p = 9.19, r = 22.3, Lp = 4.5 m, Lr = 11.7 m
12.5M max
Cb =
2.5M max + 3M A + 4M B + 3M c

18
800 kN
100 kN-m 50 kN-m
KL 4.5 mLRFD
25
ASTM A572 Gr.50 W1468
Fy = 350 MPa
W1468 Zx = 1884512 mm3, Zy = 604683 mm3, A = 12903 mm2
rx = 153 mm, ry = 62 mm

Fcr = (0.658) c F y , c 1.5

2

KL F y
c =
;
r E

Fcr = (

0.877

c2

) Fy , c > 1.5

M
M uy
Pu
, Pu < 0.2Pn
+ ux +

2Pn M nx M ny
M uy
Pu 8 M ux
, Pu 0.2Pn
+
+

Pn 9 M nx M ny

B1 =

Cm
1 (Pu Pel )


1012
00320

180 mm 80 mm 180 kN
LRFD
40 mm
20 mm A325 330 MPa
A36 25
Fy = 248 MPaFu = 400 MPa
: Rn = 1.2 Lc tFu 2.4 dtFu

180

80

mm


1002
00320

AISC 2010 C Chapter C: Design for Stability

AISC 2005 C Chapter C: Stability Analysis and Design
2005 C AISC 2010 C
Direct Analysis Method of Design

Second-order Analysis
Initial ImperfectionsAdjustments to Stiffness
1.0 LRFD LRFD load combinations 1.6 ASD
1.6 times ASD load combinations
AISC 2010 C

1.6 ASD
1.625
AISC Leaning column effect
LeMessurier formula K
P
P
K e
Pi PeK
Pi
K
Pe Euler buckling load
P
PeK Buckling load
I CDII CD EF
GH III AB
KIAB KIIABPIcr PIIcr
PIcr / PIIcr25
P

EI=

Lb

EI=

EI K=?

EI=

EI K=?

EI=

EI=

Lb

(I)

Lb
(II)

EI=
H

Lb


1002
00320

A M L 812.8 cm
LRFD Mn
25
M

B
z

cm

E2100 tf/cm2G840 tf/cm2

Fy2.52 tf/cm2Fr1.05 tf/cm2

20.32
tf1.27
tw1.27

40.62

tf1.27

G H I
Alignment Chart DE EF
K ASD EF K
hinged end G 10Fixed end G 125
AB BC

DE EF

AD

DG

BE

EH

10700

11400

24000

28000

30000

36000

I cm4

EF Fy2.52 tf/cm2E2040 tf/cm2rx10.5 cm

Ix11400 cm4A104 cm2
GA

GB

4m
E

5m
C

F
6m

8m

(a) Sidesway not prevented

(Unbraced frame)


1002
00320

20b f
Fy

or

1400
;
( d / A f ) Fy

Cb = 1.75 + 1.05( M A / M B ) + 0.3( M A / M B ) 2 2.3

7160Cb / Fy l / rt 35800Cb / Fy ,

then Fb = [2 / 3

Fy (l / rT ) 2
107600Cb

]Fy

then Fb = 12000Cb /(l / rT ) 2

35800Cb / Fy < l / rt ,

840Cb
Iy /2
; Cm = 0.6 0.4( M A / M B ) ( 0.4) ; rT =
; Aw = ( d 2t f )tw
( Ld / A f )
Af + Aw / 6
f by
fa
f bx
fa
3
n
12 2 E
0.15
+
+
1

1 F
, F
F
=
J = bi ti
e
F
F
2
a
bx
by
a
23( KLb / rb )
i =1 3
f by
fa
fa
f bx
Cmy f by
fa
Cmx f bx
>
0
.
15
+
+
1
2 F
,
+
+
1 ;
0
.
6
F
F
F
a
y
bx
by
f
f
F
a
a
Fb =

(1

For

c =

KL
r

Cc

Fy

KL
r

M r = ( Fy Fr ) S x

Lp =

80 r y
Fy

F =
a

F 'ex

) Fbx

(1

F 'ey

( KL / r )2
1 2C 2 Fy
c

5 3( KL / r )
+

3
8Cc

;
( KL / r )3

; X 1=

Sx

ry X 1
( F y Fr )

EGJA / 2

For

KL
r

> Cc

F =
a

12 2 E
23( KL / r )

8Cc 3

For c 1.5 , F cr = (0.658

, Lr =

) Fby

c 2

, X2 = 4

) Fy

For c > 1.5 , F cr =

0.877
F
2 y

Cw
2
S x /(GJ )
Iy

1 + 1 + X 2 ( Fy Fr ) 2

CW =
;

I f h2
2

Lb Lp M , M = Cb S x X 1 2 1+ X 12 X 2 M
p
n
p

Lb / ry
2( Lb / ry )2
Lr Lp

M n = Cb M p ( M p M r )

Ginelastic =

( EI / L)
( EI / L)

col

beam
baem

= Gelastic a ;

a =

Et Fcr , inelastic
=
( LSD ) ;
E
Fcr , elastic

For flange: pd = 14 / Fy , p = 17 / Fy , r = 25/ Fy

For web: p =

170
f
(1 3.74 a ) for f a / Fy 0.16 ;
Fy
Fy

Simply supported I-section under pure bending: M o , cr =

a =

Et Fa
=
( ASD )
E Fe

Fy = tf/cm2

68 / Fy for f a / Fy > 0.16

EC
EI y GJ 1+ ( ) 2 w
L

GJ

99

00320

Cc =

2 2 E
Fy

kl Fy
c =
r E
Lp =

80 ry
Fyf

2E
12
, Fa =

23 kl 2

r

( kl / r ) 2

F
1
2 y

2
C
c

, Fa =

5 3(kl / r ) (kl / r ) 3
+

3
8C c
8C c 3
0.877
F
, Fcr = exp 0.419 2c Fy , Fcr =
2 y
c

[ (

, Lr =

r y X1
FL

)]

1 + 1 + X 2 FL

M
M
, C b = 1.75 + 1.05 1 + 0.3 1 2.3
M2
M2

Lb Lp
C S X 2
X1 2 X 2
Mp
M n = C b M p (M p M r )(
) M p , M cr = b x 1
1+
L r L p
( L b / ry )
2(L b / ry ) 2

SS540 Fy4.0 tf/cm2

Mytf-cm10
Mptf-cm10
2
2
2
2
2

SIS-05-5900 SSPC
10
10

99

00320

L15010015
25 m
Fy2.52 tf/cm2E2,040 tf/cm2
ASDtf15
LSDtf15
Y
C.G.

40 cm

X
cx

X
cy

L 15 cm 10 cm 1.5 cm
cx = 5.0 cmcy = 2.53 cm
Ix = 782 cm4Iy = 276 cm4
A = 35.3 cm2

Y
40 cm

15 cm 6.0 m
3.0 m 2.4 tf/m3
30 kg/m2 400 kg/m2
A992 Fy3.52 tf/cm2E2,040 tf/cm2
LSD
RH 15
L/360 15
15 cm RC
3.0 m 3.0 m

6.0 m

RH
(HB)
175175
298149
200200
244175
200204

Sx(cm3)
331
424
472
495
498

Zx(cm3)
370
475
525
550
565

Ix(cm4)
2,900
6,320
4,720
6,040
4,980

ry(cm)
4.37
3.29
5.02
4.21
4.88

X1
(tf/cm2)
288
128
267
201
309

X2
(cm2/tf)2
0.102
3.07
0.135
0.451
0.0853

(kg/m)
40.4
32.0
49.9
43.6
56.2

98

00320

Strong Column
Weak BeamMoment Strength
Ratio10

PM
P-M Interaction
Curve15

H
Panel Zonetz8
Box Section
mm CNS 13812
SN400C SN490C 8
Eccentrically Braced Frame, EBFLink
BeamStiffener9

H 500 304 15 24mm

Fy = 3.5 tf/cm2
H 500 304 15 24
2
Es = 2040 tf/cm

Plastic
Moment StrengthMpYield Moment StrengthMy
Mp / My =8

Nominal Shear StrengthVnVn =8

c 1.5
Nominal Compressive StrengthPn

Pn = exp ( 0.419 c2 ) Fy A s

Ky Ly = 4 m c =9

98

00320

WeldingHigh Strength Bolt

5 25
Groove WeldSingle VSingle
Bevel
SAW
UT

Pretension
Fu

9797

00320

ASD Fb L /rT 7.2-6

7.2-77.2-8
15
2
7160Cb L
35800Cb
2 Fy ( L / rT )
Fb (
) Fy 0.6 Fy

(7.2-6)
3 107600Cb
Fy
rT
Fy

12000Cb
0.6 Fy
( L / rT ) 2
840Cb
Fb
0.6 Fy
( Ld / A f )
Fb

35800Cb
L

rT
Fy

(7.2-7)
(7.2-8)

M o, cr ( ) 2 EI y GJ ( ) 4 EI y ECW
L
L
LRFD
leaning columnLeMessurier formula
K
P
P
K' e
PI PeK
PeEuler buckling load
PI K
P
PeKbuckling load
1 K2.0
CD AB KAB
P
P
10
EI=
L

EI

K=2

EI K=?

EI

Lb

1 leaning column effect AB KAB

15

9797

00320

2 ABCD
w H L 18 m
LRFD wn,cr25
W
d54.43 cmbf21.22 cmtf2.12 cmtw1.31 cmA156.77 cm2
Ix76170 cm4rx22.02 cmSx2802 cm3Zx3212 cm3
Iy3388 cm4ry4.65 cm
rT5.46 cmCw2317464 cm6J181 cm4
E2100 t/cm2G840 t/cm2Fy3.5 t/cm2
w

w
z

B
L/3

C
L/3

D
L/3

D
z

2
3 ABC
d P y H 3
A36 H 2.5 tL 12 m d 25 cm
ASD P35
W
A76 cm2d30.3 cmbf20.3 cmtf1.31 cmtw0.749 cm
rx13 cmSx851 cm3ry4.91 cmIy1830 cm4
E2040 t/cm2Fy2.5 t/cm2
KxKy1.0Cm1.0
P
d

H
A

B
y

A
P

L/2

L/2

B
H

9797

00320

rT
20b f
Fy

Iy /2
A f Aw / 6
or

Aw (d 2t f )t w

1400
; Cb 1.75 1.05 ( M A / M B ) 0.3 ( M A / M B ) 2 2.3
(d / A f ) Fy

7160Cb / Fy L / rT 35800Cb / Fy , then Fb [2 / 3

35800Cb / Fy L / rT , then

107600Cb

]Fy

Fb 12000Cb /( L / rT ) 2

Fb

840Cb
; Cm 0.6 0.4( M A / M B )( 0.4)
( Ld / A f )

fa
0.15 ,
Fa

fa
0.15 ,
Fa

f a f bx f by

1
Fa Fbx Fby
cmy f by
fa
Cmx f bx
12 2 E
'

1 ; Fe
2
fa
Fa (1 f a ) F
23
(
KL
/
r
)
b
b
(1
) Fby
bx
F 'ex
F 'ey

f by
fa
f
bx
1 ,
0.6 Fy Fbx Fby

K i ,modified

Pe P
Pi Pek

( KL / r ) 2
F
1
2 y
2
C
KL

c
For
Cc ; Fa
; For
r
5 3( KL / r ) ( KL / r )3

3
8Cc
8Cc 3

Fy ( L / rT ) 2

KL
Cc
r

12 2 E
Fa
23( KL / r ) 2

2
KL Fy
0.877
; For c 1.5 , Fcr (0.658 c ) Fy ; For c 1.5 , Fcr
Fy
r E
c 2

9797

00320

Lp

80ry
Fy

, Lr

ry X 1
( Fy Fr )

1 1 X 2 ( Fy Fr ) 2

Lb L p
C
S
X
2
X
X2
b
x
1
1
M p , M n
M n Cb M p ( M p M r )
1
Mp
2
L L
L
/
r
2( Lb / ry )
p
b
y

M r ( Fy Fr ) S x

X1

C
EGJA / 2 , X 2 4 w S x /(GJ )2
Sx
Iy

For flange pd 14 / Fy , p 17 / Fy , r 25 / Fy
For web p

Fy tf/cm2

170
f
(1 3.74 a ) for f a / Fy 0.16 ; 68 / Fy for f a / Fy 0.16
Fy
Fy


9696
00320

L 150 mm100 mm15 mm 1.5 cm

ASD a b25

10

Fy = 3.5 tf/cm2 Fu = 4.8 tf/cm2 Fu = 4.9 tf/cm2

Leg length 1.2 cm 10 cm
P P U = 0.85
10 cm

LL150x100x15
15010015
P
P
Unit
=
mm
Unit= m m
cm

aa

b
b

15 cm
15c
m

15m
m -p la te
15 mm-plate

H 5003001520 dbftwtf mm
P = 40 tfMx = 20 m-tf, MY = 10 m-tf L = 10
ASD 25
Cm = 0.6-0.4(M1/M2) Cb = 1.75+1.05(M1/M2)+0.3(M1/M2)22.3
Fy = 3.5tf/cm2 Fu = 5 tf/cm2
H 500300, d = 50 cm, tw = 1.5 cm, bf = 30 cm, tf = 2 cm, A = 189 cm2, rx = 20.74 cm,
rY = 6.91 cm, rT = 7.94 cm, SX = 3253 cm3, SY = 600 cm3, IX = 81327 cm4, IY = 9012 cm4
P

Y
Y
tf
tf

dd
tw
tw

MX
Mx

X
X

MY
My

bbff

0
O

0
O
P
P

P
P

L = 10


9696
00320

LRFD -design bending strength b M n

H 7002001225 dbftwtf mmFy = 3.5 tf/cm2
8
5m Cb = 18
8m Cb = 1.79
d = 70 cm, tw = 1.2 cm, bf = 20 cm, tf = 2.5 cm, A = 178 cm2, IX = 141421 cm4, IY = 3343 cm4,
SX = 4040.6 cm3, SY = 334.3 cm3, rX = 28.19 cm, rY = 4.33 cm, ZX = 4642.5 cm3, ZY = 523.4
cm3, J = 245.77 cm4, Cw = 3807536.63 cm6, Fr = 1.16 tf/cm2

K25
hinge G 10fixed G 1
I cm4
I

AD, BE, and CF

15000

EG, and FH
4000

DE
17000

GA

100.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0

EF, and GH
36000

GB

20.0
10.0
5.0
4.0
3.0

2.0

3.0

A
A

2.0
1.5

1.0

6m
6m

hing e
hinge

1.0

4m
4m

C
C
10
m
10m
Fixed
Fixe d
Fixed
Fixed
BB

10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0

2.0

3m
FF 3m

EE

DD

H
H

100.0
50.0
30.0
20.0

1.0

Sidesway Uninhibited


9696
00320

E = 2040 tf/cm2, G = 790 t/cm2.

For flange

pd = 14 / Fy

p = 17 / Fy

r = 25 / Fy

Unit of Fy = t/cm2, b f /(2t f ) pd

For Web pd =

138
f
(1 3.17 a ) for f a / Fy 0.16 , = 68 / Fy for others
Fy
Fy

20b f
1400
or
(d / A f )Fy
Fy
7160C b / Fy L / rt 35800C b / Fy then Fb = [2 / 3

Fy (L / rT ) 2
107600C b

]Fy

35800C b / Fy < L / rt then Fb = 12000C b /(L / rT ) 2

840C b
Ld / A f

Fb =
(1)

f
fa
f
f
< 0.15 a + bx + by 1
Fa
Fa Fbx Fby

(2)

fa
> 0.15
Fa

Cmy f by
fa
C mx f bx
+
+
1
fa
Fa (1 f a )F
(1 )Fby
bx
Fex
Fey

f
fa
f
+ bx + by 1
0.6Fy Fbx Fby

if

kl
Cc
r

c =

(kl / r)2
]Fy
2
122 E
2Cc
Fa =
else Fa =
5 3(kl / r) (kl / r)3
23(kl / r)2
+

3
3
8Cc
8Cc
[1

KL Fy
r E

.
For c 15

Fcr = ( 0.658 c )Fy

.
For c > 15

Fcr =

Lp =

80ry
Fy

Lr =

0.877
Fy
2
c
ry X1
( Fy Fr )

1 + 1 + X 2 ( Fy Fr )2

L b L p
M p
M n = C b M p ( M p M r )
L

L
b
r

M r = ( Fy Fr )S x

X1 =

EGJA / 2
Sx

X2 = 4

X1 X 2
CS X 2
1+
Mn = b x 1
Mp
2( L b / ry ) 2
L b / ry

(I / L )
(I / L )

Cw
[Sx /(GJ)]2
Iy

G=

95 00320

Buckling 5 20
Compact SectionLocal Buckling
Flexural Buckling
Lateral Torsional Buckling, LTB

5 20

Block Shear Failure

FCAW

H H 600 300 12 20mm 5

20
Ix =mm4
ry =mm
Zx =mm3
Mp =tf-cm Fy = 3.5 tf/cm2
Plate Girder 5 20

Shear Buckling

Tension Field Action

Box Column H
10 20
H Beam-to-Column
Connection
Continuity Plate

94

00320

L20020020mm
Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2Fu = 4.1 tf/cm2 22 mm
4.2 tf/cm2 23.5 mm
Pn25

2/3 WHS I
T
3 U=0.90
WHSI T
3 U=0.85
2 U=0.75
Rn Rn=2.4dtFu

7.5 cm
7.5 cm

5 cm

5 cm
2@7.5 cm=15 cm

bMnb=0.9
Mn
Mn
H4883001118 d b f t w t f mm
Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2Fu = 4.1 tf/cm2 D32
8.19 cm2Fy = 4200 kgf/cm2 f c =210 kgf/cm225
50 cm
8 cm

70 cm

8 cm

94

00320

P
3003001818mm H Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2
Fu = 4.1 tf/cm2 E70XXFu = 4.9 tf/cm2

P25
10
10

14 cm

A
12
12

200
200

A-A

50 cm
mm

T Fy = 2.5 tf/cm2
Fu = 4.1 tf/cm2Plastic
design wu
25
40 cm

wu

2.6 cm
24 cm
600 cm

2.4 cm

00320

9
9
7
H150150710 DL = 40 t
LL = 30 tASD
d

A36 Fy = 2.5 t/cm2Fu = 4.1 t/cm2

A325 1.5d
3d 1mm H150150710 : A = 40.1 cm2
R = 11 mm

25

t/cm2

A307
A325

A325

A490

A490

3.5

3.5

(Ft)

(Fv)

1.40

0.70

3.05

1.19

1.05

0.84

0.70

1.45

3.05

1.19

1.05

0.84

0.70

2.10

3.75

1.47

1.26

1.05

0.91

1.95

3.75

1.47

1.26

1.05

0.91

2.80

0.33 Fu

0.17 Fu

0.33 Fu

0.17 Fu

00320

bracketfactored load, Pu

W
A36 fillet weld E70XX
weld size 10 mm
25
Pu

A36 Fy = 2.50 t/cm2E70XX FEXX = 4.93 t/cm2

10.2.5
10.2.5

FBM FW

0.75
0.90

0.6FEXX

Cm 5
Cm = 0.6-0.4 (M1/M2) 0.4 0.4 5
P = 2000 kg L = 350 cm
Sx = 451 cm3 Sy = 152 cm3
rx = 8.81 cmry = 5.13 cm A = 59 cm2 E = 2.1103 t/cm2
Fy = 2.5 t/cm2
K = 2.1Cc = 127Fbx = 0.66 FyFby = 0.75 FyCm = 0.85

15

KL/rCc Fa =

KL/r Cc Fa =

1 KL 2
Fy
1
2
C
r

c
3

5 3 KL 1 KL

+
3 8 C c r 8 C c r

122 E
23( KL / r ) 2
f by C my

f by
f bx C mx
122 E
f
f
1.0 a + bx +
1.0 Fe =
+
2
0.6 Fy Fbx Fby

23(KL / r )
fa
f
a

Fby 1
Fbx 1

F
ex

ey

f a f bx f by
+
+
1.0
Fa Fbx Fby
fa
+
Fa


00420

5 25
(block shear)
(web yielding)
(yielding stress)

Cc
A572 Gr. 50 H312 303 13 21 SD 420 D32
8.14cm2 f c' = 280 kg/cm2
15 m 0.8 3.5 t/cm2
4.2 t/cm2 2100 t/cm2 250 t/cm2
25
H312 303 13 21: A = 165 cm2rx = 13.4 cmry=7.7 cm
c Pn c = 0.85 Pn Pn

Ascm2 Ag
rm
cm r
Fmy Em
Fmy = Fy + C1Fyr (Ar/As) + C2 f c' (Ac/As) Em = E + C3Ec (Ac/As)
Ac = Ar = As = E = Ec =
Fy = Fyr = f c' =
C1C2C3 C1 = 1.0C2 = 0.85C3 = 0.4
C1 = 0.7C2 = 0.6C3 = 0.2
c Pn
c = 0.85 Pn = A g Fcr
c 1.5

Fcr = [exp(0.4192c )]Fy

c > 1.5

0.877
Fcr = 2 Fy
c

kL Fy

r E
Ag = cm2 Fy = t/cm2 E = t/cm2 k =
L = cm r = cm

c =

19 mm A325X

22 mm WT
25
WT 1.5
3
WT 8

tw = 12.4mm

tf = 18.9mm
2

Fy = 2.5 ton/cm Fu = 4.1 ton/cm2 t = 9.5 mm Ag = 34.45 cm2

Ab = 2.85 cm2Fv = 4.2 ton/cm2Ft = 6.3 ton/cm2

Pn = FyAg t =0.9

Pn = FuAe t =0.75


00420

A325
A325

0.75

6.30 t/cm2
6.30 t/cm2

0.75

3.36 t/cm2
4.20 t/cm2

(Ft)t/cm2

A325

8.2-1.9fv6.3

8.2-1.9fv6.3

0.75

Ae = UAg
Ae = UAn
2/3 WHS I T
3 U = 0.90
WHSI T
3 U = 0.85
2 U = 0.75
Rn = 0.75Rn =
Le1.5 d S3d

Rn = 2.4 dtFu
Rn = LetFu3.0 dtFu
Rn = (S-0.5d) tFu2.4 dtFu
Rn = 2.0 dtFu
Le < 1.5d

Rn = LetFu2.4 dtFu
Rn = (S-0.5d) tFu2.4 dtFu

Rn = LetFu2.0 dtFu
Rn = (S-0.5d) tFu2.0 dtFu
L W12170 (P)
A36 Kx = Ky = 1.0 (ASD) 25
W12 170
A = 322.58 cm2Sx = 3850.96 cm3rx = 14.58 cmSy = 1348.66 cm3ry = 8.18 cmLc = 4.05 mLu = 19.6 m
A36 Fy = 2.50 t/cm2Fu = 4.10 t/cm2E = 2.1103 t/cm2
P = 182 ton Mx = 27.68 t-mMy = 8.30 t-m L = 3.7 m

(KL / r ) 2
1
Fy
2C c2
12 2 E

Fa =
Fa =
23 (KL / r ) 2
5 3(KL / r ) (KL / r ) 3
+

3
8C c
8C 3c
Fex' =

12
2 E
23 (KL b / rb ) 2x

Fey' =

12
2E
23 (KL b / rb ) 2y

fa/Fa > 0.15

C my f by
fa
C mx f bx
+
+
1.0
f
f
Fa
(1 a' )Fbx (1 a' )Fby
Fex
Fey

Cc =

2 2 E
Fy

f by
fa
f
+ bx +
1.0
0.6Fy Fbx Fby

fa/Fa 0.15
f a f bx f by
+
+
1.0
Cm
Fa Fbx Fby
Cm = 0.85
Cm = 0.6-0.4 (M1/M2)
Cm
Cm = 0.85
Cm = 1.00


00420
()

H (shear flow)
10
10
5
A36 W1265 14m P
1/4
(ASD) P
A36 E2100 t/cm2, Fy2.5 t/cm2, Fu4.1 t/cm2
W1265 A119.4 cm2, d30.3 cm, tw1 cm, bf30cm,
tf1.5 cm, I x20820 cm4, I y6797 cm 4 , Sx1373 cm3 , S y455 cm 3, r x13.2 cm,
ry7.6 cm, Lc3.87 m, Lu8.44 m 97 kg/m25

10 m

A36 W1453

(Pa)10
(Pu)15
W1453 A100.64 cm2rx14.96 cmry4.88 cm
A36 Fy2.50 t/cm2Fu4.10 t/cm2E2.1103 t/cm2

(KL/r)2
1
F
2 y

2Cc
12 2 E
2 2 E
Fa =
C
F
=
=
c
a
Fy
23 (KL/r)2
5 3(KL/r) (KL/r)3
+

3
3
8Cc
8Cc
0.877
KL Fy
Fy
Fcr = exp 0.419 c2 Fy
Fcr =

=
c
2
r E
c

[ (

)]

= 0.85


00420
()

P20 tonfs
7 cm 22 mm A325X

(ASD)
25

Fy2.5 ton/cm2Fu4.1 ton/cm2

W625d16.21 cmbf15.44 cmtw0.813 cmtf1.156 cm
Ab3.88 cm2
(Fv)t/cm2

(Ft), t/cm2

A325
3.05
1.19
1.05
0.84
0.70
2.10
A325
3.05
1.19
1.05
0.84
0.70
1.45
A490
3.75
1.47
1.26
1.05
0.91
2.80
A490
3.75
1.47
1.26
1.05
0.91
1.95
L 1.5d 3d

Fp1.2Fu
(1a)

Fp1.0Fu
(1b)
1.5d (1a)(1b)

FpLFu/2d1.2Fu (1c)
dcm
Lcm

04-2

4 4
lateral torsional buckling

MaMc>Md>Mb5
Ma

Mb

Mc

Md

AB ab effective length factor KA KB

KA KB 1.0 Ka 2.05
b
b
KB
KA
a
a
A

5
5
Fy2520 kg/cm2 27cm2cm200cm
ASD
ABCD
M V 20

80cm6.5cm

206cm1.3cm
B
A
Ix12,700,000cm4
kgcm
h
1,000,000

t
Fy (Fy1160)
h 6400

t
Fb

A
Fb' Fb 1.0 0.0005 w
Af

5.34
k4.00
(a / h )2
k5.34

4.00

(a / h )2

h 6400

F
b

3,150,000 k
C v
Fy (h / t )2
1600 k
C v
h / t Fy

D
245 cm

Fv

Fy
1 Cv
C v
2.89
1.15 1(a / h )2

SMAW E70
CT 30t
E70
Fu4.9 t/cm220

Double Angles

W1650 30 ton 3.8 t/m

Local buckling
ASD Fy2500 kg/cm2Fu4100 kg/cm2E2.04106
kg/cm2W1461 A94.8 cm2d41.3 cmtw0.97 cmbf17.96 cm
tf1.60 cmk3.33 cmIx27428 cm4Sx1327 cm3rx16.97 cmIy1548 cm4Sy172 cm3
ry40.4 cm20

Ft0.6Fy
Ft0.5Fu
Fv0.4Fy
2
(KL / r )
1
Fy
2C c2

12 2 E
Fa
Fa
23 (KL / r )2
5 3 KL / r 1 (KL / r )3

3 8 C c 8 C 3c
C my f by
f by
fa
C mx f bx
fa
f

1.0
bx
1.0
Fa
0
.
6
F
F
F

y
bx
by
f
fa
1 a F

F' bx 1 ' Fby

ex

Fey
f a f bx f by

1.0
Fa Fbx Fby

C c

2 2 E
Fy

f a f bx f by

1.0
Ft Fbx Fby

90 ton abbedeef fg
AC ASD AC
ASTM A500 Grade B Fy2.9 ton/cm2Fu4.1 ton/cm2E2000
ton/cm220

4m

d
e

4m

04-2

6m

f
A

F
90 ton
4m

F
4m

KL/r Cc
(KL / r )2
1
Fy

2C c2
2 2 E

C c
Fa
Fy
5 3 KL / r 1 (KL / r )3

3 8 C c 8 C c3
12 2 E
KL/r Cc Fa
23 (KL / r ) 2

B
y

N
kg/m

A
cm2

x-x
cm4

y-y
cm4

x-x
cm

y-y
cm

350150

8.0
10.0
12.5
16.0

60.5
75.0
92.6
117

77.1
95.5
118
149

11880
14490
17560
21500

3125
3766
4495
5386

12.4
12.3
12.2
12.0

6.36
6.28
6.17
6.02

350250

10.0
12.5
16.0

90.7
112
142

116
143
181

20270
24680
30440

12020
14580
17860

13.2
13.1
13.0

10.2
10.2
9.95

400150

10.0
12.5
16.0

82.8
102
129

106
130
165

20340
24720
30400

4257
5087
6108

13.9
13.8
13.6

6.35
6.24
6.09

t
y

t
mm

D x

DB
mm

KL / r
Cc

.01
.02
.03
.04
.05

Ca
.599
.597
.596
.594
.593

.06
.07
.08
.09
.10

KL / r
Cc
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30

Ca
.548
.546
.543
.540
.538

.591
.589
.588
.586
.584

.31
.32
.33
.34
.35

.11
.12
.13
.14
.15

.582
.580
.578
.576
.574

.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25

KL / r
Cc
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55

Ca
.472
.469
.465
.462
.458

.535
.532
.529
.527
.524

.56
.57
.58
.59
.60

.36
.37
.38
.39
.40

.521
.518
.515
.512
.509

.572
.570
.568
.565
.563

.41
.42
.43
.44
.45

.561
.558
.556
.553
.551

.46
.47
.48
.49
.50

KL / r
Cc
.76
.77
.78
.79
.80

Ca
.375
.371
.366
.362
.357

.455
.451
.447
.444
.440

.81
.82
.83
.84
.85

.353
.348
.344
.339
.335

.61
.62
.63
.64
.65

.436
.432
.428
.424
.420

.86
.87
.88
.89
.90

.330
.325
.321
.316
.311

.506
.502
.499
.496
.493

.66
.67
.68
.69
.70

.416
.412
.408
.404
.400

.91
.92
.93
.94
.95

.306
.301
.296
.291
.286

.489
.486
.483
.479
.476

.71
.72
.73
.74
.75

.396
.392
.388
.384
.379

.96
.97
.98
.99
1.00

.281
.276
.271
.266
.261

When ratios exceed the noncompact section limits of Sect. B5.1, use

of

KL / r
values and equation FaCaQaQsFyAppendix Sect. B5.
Cc

KL / r
in lieu
Cc'

All grades of steel

VALUES OF Ca
For Determining Allowable Stress When KL/r Cc
for Steel of Any Yield Stress (by Eq. Fa=CaFy)a