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I.
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 2. Simplified power circuit of the qZSI used in the analysis and
experiments.
Fig. 1. General power circuit of the qZSI: with two separate inductors (a)
and with coupled inductors (b).
If the voltage from the source is at the rated level, then the
qZSI works in the non-shoot-through mode as a traditional
VSI, but if the rated voltage of the voltage source suddenly
drops, then the qZSI operates in the shoot-through mode and
(1)
U L 2 = u L 2 = DS (U C1 ) (1 DS )(U C 2 ) = 0
(2)
(a)
N
= E N2.
IL
(8)
= 2 E N IL .
(b)
Fig. 3. Operation states of the qZ-converter in the CCM: (a) shoot-through
state when iD=0 (duration tS); (b) non-shoot-through state when iD>0
(duration tA).
(3)
U C1
U + U IN
U C1
tS = C 2
tS =
tS .
UC2
UC2
U C1 U IN
(4)
and
tA =
1 DS
U IN
1 2 DS
(5)
1
.
1 2 DS
(6)
(9)
N
= 2 E N 2 .
IL
(10)
1 DS ,max ,
1 2 DS ,max
(12)
Fig. 5. Assumed inductor geometry: isometric view (a), lateral section (b).
IL L ,
(14)
Bm S core
where the cross-sectional area Score of the inductor core at
assumed geometry can be calculated as
N=
S core = 2a 2 .
(15)
L I L2
.
16 k a j Bm
(17)
(18)
a=4
PN ,
S cool
(20)
dcond =
IL .
j
(21)
I L N = H gap l gap ,
(23)
where
H gap
Bm .
=
r 0
(24)
l gap
I N r 0 ,
=
Bm
(25)
5. Selection of wires
To minimize the copper losses and skin effect the stranded
wires, foil or litz wires should be used. The skin depth can be
calculated as
2 ,
(26)
TABLE I
ASSUMED AND CALCULATED VALUES OF THE COUPLED INDUCTOR
Parameter
Assumptions for calculations
Input voltage UIN (V)
Inductor current IL (A)
Inductor current ripple rC (%)
Winding fill factor ka
Switching period T (s)
Maximal shoot-through time tSmax (s)
Current density in wire j (A/m2)
Saturation flux density Bm (T)
Calculated values
Inductance L (mH)
Number of turns in winding N
Cross section of core Score (m2)
Cross section of conductor dcond (m2)
Length of air gap lgap (m)
Cooling area Scool (m2)
Average length of one turn lN (m)
Value
40
25
5
0.35
100
25
2.7106
0.8
1.2
34
4.77210-4
9.25910-6
9.26810-3
10.27810-3
0.135
6. Selection of isolation
Isolation should be selected not only according to electric
properties but also according to physical properties. Materials
with high edge-tear strength, excellent tear propagation
strength and excellent resilience should be preferred. In
addition, thermal properties should perform at low thermal
resistance and low melting and softening points. In
accordance with these requirements, the aramid tape could be
recommended, which is available in different thicknesses and
for different isolation applications.
IV.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
(a)
(b)
Fig. 7. Inductor current and voltage waveforms in the common mode (a) and
the differential mode (b).
L I 108 ,
2 S core N
(27)
(28)
Core losses
3%
Winding
losses
97%
VI.
(29)
where DA, DS and DD are the duty cycles of active, shootthrough and discontinuous conduction states, respectively.
While the equivalent circuits of the qZS-converter operating
in the shoot-through and non-shoot-through states remain the
same as in Fig. 2, the equivalent circuit of the discontinuous
conduction state is presented in Fig. 9.
Fig. 10. Current and voltage waveforms of the qZS-converter in the DCM.
u DC (max) = U C1 + U C 2 =
1 DD
U IN . (31)
1 2 DS DD
I 0 U 0t A
(tS + t A ) = I 0 + U 0 DS 2U 0 U IN
+
2
2L
2
2 Lf U 0 U IN
, (33)
U0 =
2 DS2
U IN .
(36)
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[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
VII.
CONCLUSION
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