道路通行能力分析

21
20 40
Highway Capacity
Manual HCM50 65 85 85 94 85 97 2000
HCM

2003 6
11
12
14
14
17
27
29
32
32
42
43
45
45
47
54
67
69
69
73
79
84
84
95
106
110
110
121
124
126
128
128
129
155
165
170
170
175
181
192
201
201
215
221
221
231
242
ii
2002
175.8 2.52
2020
1-1
1-1

1
15min
1h
Veh/h
/pcu/h/ pcu/h/ln//
2
3
5
6
6
7
1-1
1-1

pcu/h/lnkm/h
V/C
pcu/h/lnV/C
pcu/hV/C
pcu/h/lnkm/h
V/C
%km/h
V/C
s/
s/
s/
km/h
//hpcu/h
m 2 /
36
1- 1- 1
120km/h

pcu/km/ln
1-
(km/h)
100km/h
(pcu/h/ln)
(km/h)
(pcu/h/ln)
109
0.34
750
92
0.30
650
18
90
0.74
1600
79
0.64
1400
25
78
0.88
1950
71
0.82
1800
42
53
42
53
1.00
2200
1.00
2200
52
80km/h

pcu/km/ln
52
(km/h)
60km/h
(pcu/h/ln)
(km/h)
(pcu/h/ln)
74
0.25
500
56
0.22
400
18
66
0.58
1150
51
0.50
900
25
60
0.75
1500
47
0.67
1200
42
48
42
48
1.00
2000
1.00
1800
43
43
pcu/km
/ln
(km/
(km/h)
60km/h
(pcu/h
/ln)
92
0.38
650
74
18
78
0.67
1400
65
25
70
0.83
1750
60
42
50
1.00
2100
1.00
1950
42
50
80km/h
(pcu/h
/ln)
h)
100km/h
1-
(km/h)
500
56
0.27
0.60
1150
50
0.63
900
0.76
1500
47
0.80
1150
1.00
1650
0.26
46
46
39
30
60
80
<100
(km/h)
78
67
59
48
48
0.15
0.40
0.64
1.00
2500
1-
(pcu/h
/ln)
400
1000
1600
(km/h)
65
56
48
40
40
400
39
(pcu/h
/ln)
0.15
0.38
0.58
(pcu/h
/ln)
350
900
1350
1.00
2300
(km/h)
55
48
42
37
37
0.14
0.37
0.54
(pcu/h
/ln)
300
800
1150
1.00
2100
1. 1-2 1-3 1-4

2. 1-2 1-3 1-4 V
3 11 6
2
6
5%
11 6 1-5
5
6
2
2.2m
2
2.2-2.95m
2
2.95-4.6m
2 4.6m
3
4
3
1-5

1L
1.5t 12
1.5 ~ 5t 12
5 ~ 14t >50
14t
10
1-6 1-7 1-8
1-6
2
2.95m
1.5t 12
2
>2.95m
1.5 ~ 10t 12
10t
1
2
2.2m
2.22.95 m
2.95m
1-7

1
1.5t 12
1.5 ~ 10t 12
10t
50
10
7
LV
MHV
LHV
TC
1-8
1m
2m
1.6 ~ 2.39
2
3
2
2
3
3
3,4,5,6
4
2.4 ~ 2.99
1.7 ~ 3.0
3.0 ~ 4.49
4.5 ~ 7.0
4.6 ~ 7.0
3.0 ~ 7.0
3.0 ~ 7.0
>1.8
>5
<1.8
<1.8 >3.0
20 80
20 7080
10
31%
6.6%
WTO
PCE
1965 HCM
2 PCE
PCE
PCE PCE
PCE PCE
1-2
PCE
1-2
PCE
9
PCE
PCE
-
PCE
PCE
PCE
PCE
1-91-10
1-9
<14m
V/C (veh/h)
<0.2
0.45
0.7
>0.7
<0.2
0.45
0.7
>0.7
<0.2
0.45
0.7
>0.7
<650
1400
1750
>1750
<500
1150
1500
>1500
<400
900
1150
>1650
10
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.5
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
2.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
1.5
4.0
3.5
1.6
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.2
1.6
2.5
2.0
1.5
2.0
4.0
3.5
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
3.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
6.0
5.0
3.0
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.4
2.5
4.0
3.0
1.8
3.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
5.0
5.0

veh/h/ln
1000
1000
1500
1000
1000
1500
0
1.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
7.0
6.0
1
1.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
9.0
8.0
2
1.5
3.4
3.0
2.0
10.0
8.0
%
3
4
2.0
2.0
3.8
4.5
3.3
4.0
2.5
2.5
11.0
13.0
9.0
11.0
1-10
5
2.5
5.5
4.8
3.0
14.0
12.0
6
2.5
6.5
5.5
3.0
15.0
14.0
1-11

1.0
1.7
1-11
3.0
20 40
1950
(Highway Capacity Manual, HCM)
FHWA
1965 1985
1994 HCM HCM2000
20 80
90
20 80
( 70%)
1983
4 8
11
1996
HCM 1994
HCM ARRB SIDRA
CAPCAL
PTDESGN
AADT
12
40 1-12
1-12
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
40
13
14
5s
35km/h 1.5m
35km/h
15
JTJ001-97
2-1
2
2-1
(m)
80km/h
40km/h
60km/h
30km/h
40 20km/h()
40 20km/h()
12.0
8.5
8.5
7.5
7.0
6.5

1.5
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.5
1.5

9.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
3.5
16
2
3
5
2-1
(,
,,)
2-1
Transportation Research Board

17
Highway Capacity Manual HCM

5min

7
123
123
123
10%130%250%3
0%130%260%3
123
123
2-2 2-3
2-2
<3
<3
<3
<3
>700
>400
>200
>100
<4
<5
<6
<6
>400
>250
>125
>60
>4
>5
>6
>6
<400
<250
<125
<60
18
2-3
2-4
2km
7~15m
0~3m
2-4
125
10
10
8
2-1
N(SK/E) 2
2-1
N
S 5km/h~10km/h
K=95%K=1.96
E=2km/h
95% 2km/h 10km/h
96 5min 8h 5km/h
24
6 8h

19

2-2
2-4
a
b
c
d
e 200m
2km
2-3
2-3
20
W
2-5
km/h
2-5
W=7m
44.8
56.4
49.5
47.9
W=9m
51.1
64.2
55.3
54.9
W=12m
58.6
75.1
60.8
60.4
W=14m
61.4
83.9
67.2
64.7
FV=FV O +FV CW +FV TER +FV FRIC +FV REDEV

FVkm/h
FVO km/h
FV CW km/h
FV TER km/h
FV FRIC km/h
FV REDEV km/h
1FV O
21
2-2
FVCAR = a + FCW CW + FTER TERRAIN + FSW + FRIC FRIC
(2-3)
FV CAR km/h
a
CW(m)
SW(m)
TERRAIN
FRIC 1 5
FCW FTER F SW F FRIC
FV O
FV O = FV
CAR + F CW CW -CW + FTER
TERRAIN
-TERRAIN
+ F SW SW -SW+ FFRIC FRIC -FRIC
2-4

1 5km/h

10km/h
9m 7m
85km/h 73km/h
2
2-6
12m
FV CW 2-4
22
[H1]:
2-4
m
6
7
8
9
10
11
12-15
2-6
km/h
-20.0
-15.0
-8.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
2-5
5km/h
5km/h 10km/hFV TER 2-7
2-5
km/h
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
23
2-7

2-6
1 5 30%
FV FRIC 2-8
2-6
1
2
3
4
5
2-8
km/h
-4.0
-8.0
-12.0
-15.0
-20.0

FV REDEV
%
20
40
60
80
100
2-9
km/h
-3.0
-5.0
-8.0
-10.0
-13.0
1
2-10 C 0
2500veh/h
24
2-10

9m
80km/h
1.5m
>250m
0
50/50
C
C= C 0 f CW f DIR f FRIC f HV
2-5
Cpcu/h
C 0 pcu/h
f CW 2-11
f DIR 2-12
f FRIC 2-13
f HV
(m)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 ~ 15
2-11

0.52
0.56
0.84
1.00
1.16
1.32
1.48
%
50/50
55/45
60/40
65/35
70/30
2-12

1.00
0.97
0.94
0.91
0.88
25
2-13

1
2
3
4
5

0.91
0.83
0.74
0.65
0.57
f HV
f HV =
1
1 + Pi ( E i 1)
2-6
P i i
E i i 2-14
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.5
2.5
2-14
1.7
3.5
0.2
K( 0.09)
AADT= /K
2-7
26
1-4
4
1h C D
1 AADT K( 0.09)
D 50/50 1-4 DDHV
6 i V/C i
7V/C i
8
2-7
27
V/C
(,
,,)
2-7
i
V/C i
MSVi
MSVi = C 0 (V / C ) i
2-8
MSVi i pcu/h 2-14
C0 pcu/h 2500 pcu/h

(V / C) i i
28
2-15
i (V/C)
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.40
0.38
0.37
0.64
0.58
0.54
1.00
1.00
2
C D
C D = MSVi f CW f DIR f FRIC f HV
2-9
C D pcu/h
f CW f DIR f FRIC f HV
2-1
48.8km/h85% 54.5km/h 7s 27% 10s
54.5% 9m
430
1120
518
582
252
178
500
6900
2-14
Q = 430 0.8 +11201.0 + 5181.5 + 582 2.5 + 2521.7 +178 3.5 + 500 0.6 + 6900 0.2 = 6428
pcu/d
2-112-122-13
C= C 0 f CW f DIR f FRIC f HV =2500 0.8 1.00 1.00 0.65 0.6= 780pcu/d

K=0.1
AADT=780/0.1=7800pcu/d
6428 pcu/d
29
2-2
AADTveh/d
A-B
C-D
E-F
G-H
A-B
C-D
E-F
G-H
3199
3904
3927
2771
4510
3440
2371
6175
2785
3816
1744
1990
1959
2874
2020
1230
veh/d
13021
15451
14024
12462
13740
17646
24036
19492
15337
19128
270
220
30
84
298
1197
932
212
71
66
65
75
69
2-14 69%
C-D 24036 pcu/d 19128 pcu/d 1196pcu/h
PHF 0.90 K 0.12

D 0.55
DDHV=AADTKD=240360.120.55=1586 pcu/h
70%
1050 pcu/h/ln
N=DDHV/(1050PHF)=1586/10500.9=1.7
2 4
1
2
3
4
1 10m 1m
32% 26% 41% 1%

30

2 1.5m AADT
1000pcu/d 0.09,
9m 36.3% 29.3% 29.7%
4.7%
31

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
32

3-1
3-1
km/h
100
60
2*7.5
2*7.0
25.50
22.50
24.00
20.00
400
125
160
75
20 80 19701980
3 4
33
v = L /( Ti / N )
3-1
i =1
v
L
T i i
N
v s = vt t2 / vt
3-2
v s
v t
3%
8s
85% 90km/h
15% 65km/h 50% 85km/h

3-1 107
6
1/5
34
140
120
(veh)
100
80
60
40
20
3-1
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
0
(s)
107

1h
9:35
9:20
9:05
8:50
8:35
8:20
8:05
7:50
7:35
(veh/h)
1500
1000
500
0
(a) ()
3:45
3:30
3:15
3:00
2:45
2:30
2:15
2:00
1500
1000
500
0
1:45
(veh/h)
(b)()
3-2
3-2 5min 1182veh/h 15min 1016veh/h

802 veh/h 5min
35

15min
15min PHF
PHF=/4 15min
HCM 0.80~0.98
0.95
EEV
PSV
PED
SMV
FRIC = A EEV + B PSV + C PED + D SMV
3-3
FVPC = a + b RAC + c TRAF + d SW + e LU + f CW
3-4
FVPC
RAC=1=2=3
TRAF=1=2=3
CW
SW
LU
FVPC
FV
FV = a + ( A EEV + B PSV + C PED + D SMV )
3-5
A=4.346678
B=2.776435
C=0.543876
D=0.523576
,
,
36
EEV=1.0
PSV=0.8
PED=0.6
SMV=0.4
18%14%20%

3-3 2km
0 7 86km/h 48km/h
40%
90
80
(km/h)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
3-3
3-2
1
2
3
4
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.75
3-2
4 6 3-3
85.6km/h, 76.6km/h, 10%
37
3-3
km/h
SVQ007
3/6D
54.5
47.2
40.2
SVQ008
2/4UD
78.9
59.1
SVQ009
2/4D
83.5
66.0
SVQ010
3/6D
81.4
72.8
71.5
SVQ011
3/6D
96.5
87.2
81.9
SVQ012
2/4UD
82.6
82.2
SVQ013
3/6D
79.9
69.8
50.7
SVQ017
3/6D
81.1
70.7
54.0
SVQ018
2/4D
63.3
54.4
SVQ021
2/4UD
52.5
49.2
SVQ022
3/6D
66.2
61.9
58.4
SVQ023
2/4UD
68.3
66.5
SVQ025
3/6D
76.4
72.2
69.0
SVQ007 7
3/6D
2/4UD
3-4
20%
SVQ008
SVQ009
SVQ010
SVQ011
SVQ013
SVQ017
SVQ018
SVQ021
SVQ022
SVQ023
SVQ025
(%)
12.5
8.0
3.7
7.0
1.4
6.0
3.1
7.3
2.5
5.0
2.9
10.0
4.7
9.0
7.8
7.7
16.5
km/h
78.9
83.5
81.4
72.8
96.5
87.2
79.9
69.8
81.1
70.7
72.4
52.5
66.2
61.9
68.3
76.4
72.2
3-4

3-5
35%
38
SVQ008
SVQ009
SVQ010
SVQ011
SVQ013
SVQ017
SVQ018
SVQ022
SVQ023
SVQ025
2.9
34.4
1.2
14.4
0
31.8
0
12.9
0
36.7
0
64.1
1.6
26.5
10.9
3.3
29.8
0
31.9
km/h
78.9
59.1
83.5
66.0
81.4
71.5
96.5
81.9
80.0
50.7
81.0
54.0
72.4
64.5
58.4
68.3
66.5
76.4
51.6
3-5
f HV = 1
[1 + p i ( E i 1)]
3-6
p i i
E i i
6
c = c0 f w f HV f e f p
3-7
f W 3.75m
1.00 3.50m 0.96
f HV
f e
f p 1.00
39
c 0 veh/h;
c
f c
f c = f w f HV f e f p
3-8
3-6
3-6
0.9~1
0.8~0.9
0.8~0.9
0.6~0.7
0.6~0.7
0.5~0.6
pcu/h/ln
2000
1500
1300
2000
1300
2000
1100
1000
40
3-7
3-7
V/C
veh/h/ln
km/h
veh/km/ln
12
75
0.50
1000
19
70
0.65
1300
26
60
0.80
1600
42
48
1.00
2000
42
48
C 2000 veh/h/ln
3-8
10%
11
18
24
39
40
15%
SFL
82
1000
11
82
78
1450
18
78
67
1700
24
67
48
1850
39
48
40
30%
SFL
10
80
800
9
16
78
1200
14
22
65
1400
19
35
48
1700
32
35
32
//
3-8
20%
SFL
25%
SFL
SFL
11
82
950
10
80
900
18
78
1300
16
75
1250
24
67
1550
22
65
1500
39
48
1700
35
48
1650
40
35
50%
70%
SFL
SFL
74
650
8
70
550
68
950
13
63
800
60
1150
18
57
1050
46
1500
29
44
1300
29
km/hSFL veh/h
950
1350
1600
1750
41

1. AADTDDHVveh/h/
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

1. AADT DDHV.
DDHV = AADT K D
3-9
K AADT
D
K D
K D
K D
K
0.070.10
0.100.15
0.150.20
D
42
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
2.
N = DDHV / [ c 0 (v / c ) i f w f HV f p f e
3-10
(v / c) i
DDHV
3. c = c 0 f w f HV f e f p
4.
3.1
0.60m

3.75m 100km/h
3.75 3.75
3.75 3.75
100km/h
2000veh/h/ln 15%
0.91?
43
3-5 0.6
c 0 =2000/0.91=2198veh/h
N =2
f c =0.6
3-7 c = 2198 0.6 = 1319 veh/h/ln
3-6
3.2
DDHV 1800veh/h/ln
5% 0.9
0.7 v/c
1 3.75m2
34100km/h
c = 1800 0.9 = 2000 veh/h/ln
v / c = 0.7
c 0 =2000veh/h/ln
3-5 f c =0.8
3-9 N=1.8
0.7
v/c=2000/2000/2/0.8=0.625 0.7
c = 2000 0.8 = 1600

3.5m
f w = 0.96, f HV = 0.95, f e = 0.90

c = 2000 0.96 0.95 0.90 1.00 = 1640 veh/h/ln
3.5m
1
2
3?
44
45
25000~55000veh(pcu/d)
JTJ001
97
1
2
4-1
15min 1h
4-1
45
120km/h
27.5m
0.75m
2.75m
4-1
F=
3600
H av
4-1
Fveh/h/ln veh/h
Havs/veh
4
PP
PT
TP
TT
Fp =
3600
H avpp
Sp = Sp
Dp =
Fp
Sp
4-2
4-3
4-4
Fp(pcu/h/lnpcu/h)
Sp(km/h)
Dp(pcu/km/ln)
75%
46
Fp = PCEi N i
4-5
PCEii
Nii
4-3 4-4
10% 1.0m
2%
,
,
,
4-1 m%
4-1

%
m

3
1000

4
700
pcu/h
47

4
700
DDHV = AADT K D
4-6
DDHVpcu/h
AADTpcu/d
K 0.09
D %
4-2

veh/h/ln
0
1000
1500
0
1000
1500
0%
1.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
7.0
6.0
1%
1.5
2.8
2.5
2.0
9.0
8.0
2%
1.5
3.4
3.0
2.0
10.0
8.0
4-2
3%
2.0
3.8
3.3
2.5
11.0
9.0
4%
2.0
4.5
4.0
2.5
13.0
11.0
5%
2.5
5.5
4.8
3.0
14.0
12.0
6%
2.5
6.5
5.5
3.0
15.0
14.0
2 4-4 4-5 fHVfSWfCW
3 2
4
48
2km
4-2
200m
800m
800m
200m
200m
800m
4-2
49
3
,
K
n =
4-7
n
=8.5km/h=6.8km/h
=5.2km/h
K 4-1
E 1.5~2km/h
K
n
r2
1 +
2
4-8
n K E
r 0.0015% 85% 1.045% 95%
1.64
() 10km/h 95%
4-3 K 1.96E 2km/h 96
961560=24h 5min
96560=8h 24h15min
8h5min
86.6
95.0
99.0
99.7
4-3
K
1.50
1.96
2.58
3.00
4-10 4-11
VtVs
8s
Vt =
1
N
i =1
50
4-9
Vs =
1
1
N
i =1
4-10
1
Vi
Vt (km/h)
Vs (km/h)
N
Vi (km/h)
0~200km/h 5km/h 40
1
15min 1h
CB =
3600
t
4-11
C B pcu/h
t s
1201008060(km/h) C B 22002200
2000 1800pcu/h/ln
2
C = C 0 f CW f SW f HV
4-12
Cveh/h
C0pcu/h
fCW
fSW
fHV
3
fCW
51
fCW
4-4
km/h
3.75m
3.5m
120
1.0
0.98
100
1.0
0.97
80
1.0
0.97
60
1.0
0.97
fSW
fSW
(m)
4-5
(m)
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.98
0.99
0.98
0.99
1.00
fHV
f HV =
1 + PLHV (PCELHV
1
1) + PTC (PCETC 1)
4-13
PLHV
PTC
PCELHV
PCETC
1
Q
2
4-4
QX
52
X Y
pcu/h/ln
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
18
25
pcu/km/ln
4-3
-
140
km/h
120
100
80
60
40
Sf=120km/h
Sf=100km/h
Sf=80km/h
Sf=60km/h
20
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 1400
1600 1800
2000
2200
pcu/h/ln
4-4
53
V / C

4-3 4-4 1-2
AADT

1

AADT

V / C

2
DDHV
DDHV = AADT K D
4-14
AADT
K AADT
D
K D

N = DDHV / SFL PHF

DDHV = AADT K D
N
DDHV
SFL
PHF
AADT
K
54
4-15
4-16
N
N

Cpcu/h
C0pcu/h
fCW
fSW
fHV

O=
1
L K
1000
4-17
L m / veh
Kveh/km
Greenshields Q v
K
v = aK + b
55
4-18
Q = Kv = K (aK + b) = aK 2 + bK
4-19
4-18 4-19
Q=
1000 2 a
1000b
O2 +
O
2
L
L
4-20
ab Q v K veh/hkm/h veh/km/ln
4-18
a=-1.26b=105.17 6.0m 4-19 4-20
4-21
v =1.0871.26 O
Q =-3500 O 2 +17528 O
4-22
4-5
4-5
4-22
O=17528/235000=0.2504
2
Capa.=Qmax=-350000.254 +175280.2504=2195veh/h/ln
2
56

4-6
4-6
3 3
SVQ006GF
SVQ006FG
SVQ030GF
SVQ030FG
SVQ004GH
SVQ004HG
SVQ001FK
SVQ005GS
SVQ002FK
SVQ002KF
SVQ003FK
SVQ027HP
SVQ027PH
SVQ028SG
SVQ029GS
SVQ029SG
%
78
79
70
77
71
60
83
76
80
78
79
72
75
76
74
73
4-6
% km/h %
83.8
81.0
76
80
76.5
79.9
104.9
102.0
104.9
103.1
75
106
108.5
109.9
104.7
108.9
112.6
121.9
74
122
118.6
125.1
4-6 4-7
8veh/km/ln 4-6
8
78.8 78.8km/h
8
8 4-8
78.8
v=
1.022 K + 86.98
57
K [0,8]
K (8, K j ]
4-23
Q = K v
78.8K
Q=
2
85.11v 0.98v
K [0,8]
K [0,78.8]
4-24
78.8 K
Q=
2
86.98K 1.022 K
K [0,8]
K [8, K j ]
4-25
v
K
4-8 4-9
5min 1000veh/h
4-20 4-10~4-15
120
Y=0.575X+70.8
R2=0.0015
km/h
100
80
60
40
20
0
1
km/h
4-6
6
4
5
veh/km/ln
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Y=-1.022X+86.98
R2=0.4162
4-7
10
20
25
15
30
veh/km/ln
35
40
45
58
120
km/h
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
400
200
600
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

pcu/h/ln
4-8
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
25
20
15
pcu/km/ln
35
30
40
4-9
140
120
100
km/h
pcu/h
2200
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
4-10
300
400
600 700
500
pcu/h/ln
800
59
900
1000
140
Y=0.2344X+98.4
R2=0.012
120
km/h
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
pcu/h/ln
700
800
900
1000
4-11
1400
pcu/h/ln
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
4-12
6
8
pcu/km/ln
10
12
14
16
3.5
4.0
160
140
km/h
120
100
Y=-0.2591X+115.1
R2=-0.0342
80
60
40
20
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
4-13
1.5
2.0
2.5
pcu/km/ln
3.0
60
160
140
km/h
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
200
400
4-14
600
pcu/h
800
1000
1200
1200
pcu/h
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
4
5
6
pcu/km/ln
10
4-15
98.4
v=
1.34 K + 104.85
K [0,4.8]
K (4.8, K j ]
4-26
98.4 K
Q=
2
78.01v 0.744v
K [0,4.8]
K (0,98.4]
4-27
98.4 K
Q=
2
104.85K 1.344 K
61
K [0,4.8]
K (4.8, K j ]
4-28
K [0,3.8]
K (3.8, K j ]
115.5
v=
1.733K + 122.086
4-29
115.5K
Q=
2
70.45v 0.577v
K [0,3.8]
K (3.8, K j ]
4-30
K [0,3.8]
K (3.8, K j ]
4-31
115.5 K
Q=
2
122.08K 1.733K
4-16
130
Sf=115.5km/h
100
90
80
Sf=98.4km/h
km/h
120
110
Sf=78.8km/h
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
200
400
600
800 1000 1200

pcu/h/ln
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
4-16
78.8km/h98.4km/h 115.5km/h
4-17~4-19
1000
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
60
Y = 0.3985 X + 116.74
R 2 = 0.9967
70
90
100 110
80
km/h
4-17
62
120
130
4-17
0.9968
4-18~19
-0.2
Y = 0 .1105 X 1 . 8348
-0.4
R = 0 .9958
2
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
60
70
90 100 110
80
km/h
0
-200
Y = 0.0593X 2 + 22.429X 2377.8
-400
R2 = 1
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
60
120 130
70
90 100 110
80
km/h
120 130
4-18
4-19
4-7
4-20
4-8
4-7
4-8

km/h

(km/h)(veh/h/ln)veh/kmkm/h
120
-0.54
68.9
120
2200
34
64
100
-0.72
76.9
100
2100
40
53
80
-0.96
84.8
80
1900
43
44
140
km/h
120
Sf=120km/h
1 0 0 S f= 1 0 0 k m / h
80 Sf=80km/h
60
40
20
0
0
200
400
600
800 1000
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
pcu/h/ln
4-20
63
Greenshields Underwood Drew

May

Thom 1972
Catastrophe Theory
5

Maxwell
Maxwell
4-21
64
120
km/h
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
500
1000
1500
veh/h
4-21
2000
2500
4-21
Bimodality 4-21
Catastrophe
Inaccessible
behavior
DivergenceHysteresis
Maxwell
Hall
W ( X ) = aX 4 + bYX 2 + cZX
4-32
4aX 3 + 2bX + cZ = 0
8b 3Y 3 + 27 ac 2 Z 2 = 0
4-33
4-34
X YZ
X Y Z a b c
Maxwell
X 0 =Y 0 =Z 0 =

65

X1
X0 Vm
4-35
Y1
Y0 Qm
4-36
Z1
Z0 Om
4-37
V m
Q m
O m

YZ Y Maxwell
Y
Y
Y Z
X2
X1
4-38
Y2
Y 1 cos mZ 1 sin
4-39
Z2
Z 1 sin mZ 1 sin
4-40
m=Q m /O m
X 23 + aY2 X 2 + bZ2 = 0
4-41
4 a 3 Y 2 + 27 b 2 Z 2 = 0
3
4-42
a,b
X 2
Vp =
X2 Vm
4-43
R2 =
[ (vio v o )(vip v p )]2

i =1
(v
i =1
io
v o ) (vip v p )
4-44
i =1
M = (v io vip ) / n
D=
_
1 n
(vip v p ) 2
n 1 i =1
vio
_
v o
66
4-45
4-46
vip
_
v p

1998
5min
4-9
4-9
0.90
2150 /h/ 58km/h
4-9
177pcu/ln/h
20.5%
ab
2.12415.28
0.90
58km/h
58km/h
8.63
-43
2150 pcu/ln/h
2100~2200pcu/h/ln
HCM
2000pcu/h/ln
2000 pcu/h/ln 200~300 pcu/h
HCM
1400pcu/h1985 2000pcu/h1994 2200/2300
pcu/h/ln
4.1
100km/h
2km 0% 23.75m 0.75m
2.7m 34% 1%V p =568veh/h
67

1 4-4 4-5
f CW =1.0 f SW =1.0 f HV =
1
=0.85
1 + [0.34 (1.5 1) + 0.01 (2.0 1)]
= 22001.01.00.85
= 1870 veh/h
3 V/C
V/C = V p / C 0 f CW f SW f HV
= 568/1870 = 0.3
4 1-2
5
V= 1870-568 = 1320 veh/h
1 AADT =45000veh/h
30%
=0.6 k =0.12
2 120km/h
DDHV =2400veh/h 30%
N
68
a
5-1
0.6m
3.6m 5-2
69
0.6m
3.6m
5-2

A B C
1A
A 5-3
A
(a)
5-3
(b)
A
(a)
(b)(b)
(a)(b)
70
2B
B
B
1
2 5-4 B
(a)
D
(b)
D
(c)
5-4
(a)(b) B C
A D (a)
(c)
3C
C B C
B

5-5 C (a) B C
A D
(b)
71
C
B
D
B
(a)
5-5
(b)
C
5-1
a
b
5-1
b
1
2
1.4
B 3.5
C
3.0
A
B C A
72
73

5-7

5-2

L
N
NW
N nw
V
VW
V w1
V W2
V nw
VR
R
SW
S nw
5-2
(m)
()
()
()
(pcu/h)
(pcu/h)
(pcu/h)
(pcu/h)
(pcu/h)
V W /V
V W2 /V W
(km/h)
(km/h)
74
N w N w(max)
N w N w(max)
N w N w(max)
N w
N w(max)
N w N w(max) 5-3
N w N w(max)
N w
A
N w =1.21N VR 0.571 L 0.234 /S w 0.438
B
N w =N [0.085+0.703VR+(71.57/L)-0.011
(S nw - S w )]
C
N w =N
[0.761 0.00036L 0.0031
( S nw - S w )+0.047VR
5-3
N w(max)
1.4
3.5
3.0
1
S W S nw
S W S nw =24.1+80.47/[1+a(0.3048) d (1+VR) b (V/N) c /L d ]
5-1
abcd 5-4
abcd
a
0.226
0.280
0.100
0.160
0.100
0.100
S W
b
c
2.2
1.00
2.2
1.00
1.2
0.77
1.2
0.77
1.8
0.85
2.0
0.85
d
0.90
0.90
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
5-4
S nw
a
b
c
0.020
4.0
1.30
0.020
4.0
0.88
0.020
2.0
1.42
0.015
2.0
1.30
0.015
1.8
1.10
0.013
1.6
1.00
d
1.00
0.60
0.95
0.90
0.50
0.50
S W S nw 5-8 N W N w(max)
S W S nw
C W =C 0 r s r N r L r VR
C W pcu/h
75
5-2
C 0 pcu/h
r s 0.95 1.0
r N 2345 1.8
2.63.4 4
r L 0.128L n (L)+0.181
r VR 5-5
VR
r VR
0
1.000
0.05
0.980
0.10
0.971
0.15
0.966
0.20
0.959
0.25
0.942
5-5
0.30
0.909
0.35
0.853
0.40
0.768
0.45
0.647
NL
5-6
S w S nw
5-4 abcdS w
S nw VV
5-3 N w N w
N w max
3 V
5-3 N w N w max
S w AS nw - S w BC 5
A 4 S w 5-1 5-4
abcdV 3 V
BC 2 S w 4 S nw - S w S nw
5-1 5-4 abcdVV
B B A
C
C
VR A B
B
76
A
A B C
A BC
ABC A

B
C
A B C
A B C
A A B
C
5-6
5-6
km/h
km/h
80
86
72
77
64
67
54 a, b
56 a, b
A 056
B56km/h
77
15min
4
5
v=V/(PHF f hv
f w f p)
(5-3)
v 15 pcu/h
V veh/h
PHF
PHF t =/[t 60/t]
f hv
f w
f p

/h

5-4 S W S nw

78
5-3
N w N w(max)
N w N w(max) 4
N w >N w(max) S W S nw 5-1

5-7
VR R 5-1
V W
V/N
VR
1800(pcu/h)
1900(pcu/h/)
B
C
3000(pcu/h)
3000(pcu/h)
1900(pcu/h/ln)
1900(pcu/h/ln)
N
2
3
4
5
VR
1.00
0.45
0.35
0.22
0.80
0.50
5-7
0.5
610(m)
0.50
0.40
760(m)
760(m)

S W S nw 5-6
5.1
3.75m 1.75m
30%
L=300m
3000
480
250
B
5-6
79
1000

5-6 A

f w f hv f p E hv
f w =1.00,f p =1.0,E HV =1.7

f hv =1/ [1+P HV (E HV -1)]
=1/[1+0.3(1.7-1)]
=0.83
V w1 =480/[f w f hv f p ]=480/[1.000.831.0]=578pcu/h
V w2 =250/[1.000.831.0]=301pcu/h
V w =V W1 +V W2 =578+301=879pcu/h
V nw =(3000+100)/[1.000.831.0]=3735pcu/h
V = V w +V nw= 879+3735=4614pcu/h

5-6
VR=V w /V=879/4614=0.191
R=V w2 /V w =301/879=0.342
L=300m
S w S nw
S w S nw =24.1+
80.47
1 + a (0.3048) (1 + VR) b (V / N ) c / Ld
d
A
a
Sw
0.226
2.2
1.0
0.9
S nw
0.020
4.0
1.3
1.0
S w =69.4km/h
S nw =81.9km/h
S w S nw N w
5-3
N W =1.21N VR 0.571 L 0.234 /S w 0.438
=1.21 4 0.191 0.571 300 0.234 /69.4 0.438

=1.12
5-3AN w(max) =1.4N w N w(max)

4 S w S nw

V w 1800
V/N1900
VR0.35

80
R0.5
L610m
5-6
5.2
5-7
A-x=900pcu/h
B-x=400pcu/h
A-y=1000pcu/h
5-7 5-7
BA-y B-x
A-y B-x C-x
L2=450m
L1=300m
1
900
900+400
400
100
0
300
100
0
200
1000
5-7
+20
R=400/1400=0.286, VR=1400/2500=0.560.
R=300/1500=0.200, VR=1500/2900=0.517
S w S nw
S w =24.1+80.47/[1+0.1(0.3048) 0.5 (1+0.56) 1..2 (2500/3) 0.77 /300 0.5 ]
=65.1km/h
S nw =24.1+80.47/[1+0.02(0.3048) 0.95 (1+0.56) 2.0 (2500/3) 1.42 /300 0.95 ]
=64.7km/h
N w
N w =N [0.085+0.703VR+(71.57/L)+0.011(S nw -S w )]
=3 [0.085+0.703 0.56+(71.57/300)-0.011(64.7-65.1)]=2.2
5-3N w(max) =3.5N w N wmax0 S w S nw
5-7
81
5-6 S w =65.1km/hS nw =64.7km/h
S w S nw
S w =24.1+80.47/[1+0.1(0.3048) 0.5 (1+0.517) 1..2 (2900/3) 0.77 /450 0.5 ]
=67.5km/h
S nw =24.1+80.47/[1+0.02(0.3048) 0.95 (1+0.517) 2.0 (2900/3) 1.42 /450 0.95 ]
=69.3km/h
N w
N w =3 [0.085+0.703 0.517+(71.57/450)-0.011(69.3-67.5)]=1.76
5-3N w(max) =3.5 N w N w(max) S w S nw
5-7
5-6 S w S nw
1
2
3
4
1 3.75m
pcu/h
L=300m
C
1500
A
700
C
1000
1000
2AC =975veh/hAD =650 veh/h

BC =620 veh/hBD=0 veh/h 10%
PHF 0.85 3.75m
82
L=300m
C
83
84

6-1a
(a)
(b)
6-1

6-1(b)
270
270

6-2
6-2(a)
6-2(b)(c)

6-3
85
6-3

6-4
6-2
6-3
6-4
86
2
(Fv)
(C)
()
87
6-1
FV=(FV0+FFVW+FFVV+FFVSL+FFVUD)FFVS
FVkm/h
FV0km/h
FFVWkm/h
FFVVkm/h
FFVSLkm/h
FFVS
FFVUDkm/h
FV0
FV0
FV0=127R(i+)
6-2
FV0km/h
Rm
i
6-1
km/h
(m)
80
280
230
60
150
120
50
100
80
6-1
40
60
45
35
40
35
30
30
25
0.05-0.20
<0.10
=0.15
88
=0.20
=0.35
>0.40
0.12
FFVW
FFVW
FFVW 6-2
6-2
<6.00
6.50
7.00
-8
-3
0
*
7.50
2
>8.00
5
FFVV
6-3 :
(km/h)
80
60
(m)
110(135)
75(100)
*
6-3
50
65(70)
40
45(45)
35
35
30
30
FFVV
6-4
()
Sm
S135
75S135
S75
6-4
km/h
0
-3
-5
2 6-5
()
Sm
S270
150S270
km/h
0
-3
89
6-5
S150
-5
FFVSL
FFVSL 6-6
(km/h)
(m)
500
500-1000
1000
<3
0
0
0
%
3
4
5
0
-2.3
-5.4
-0.3
-3.7
-7.7
-0.4
-4.6
-9.1
6
-8.5
-12.0
-13.7
<3
0
0
0
6-6
%
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
-0.3
0
0
-0.4
6
-0.3
-3.7
-4.6
FFVS
FFVS
FFVS 1.00
FFVS 6-7
6-7
FFVS
1
0.9
FFVUD
FFVUD
FFVUD
FFVUD 3km/h 5km/hFFVUD 5km/h
90
3km/h
6-8
FFVUDkm/h
5
3
C=
3600
hmin
6-3
C h
hmin
hmin = t + 3.6
S + L0 + Lveh
v
6-4
t 1.2s
v (km/h)
L0 (m) 5~10m
Lveh (m) 5m()

S
S=
v12
254( + )
6-5
v (km/h);
;
= f + i f i
6-5 6-9
(km/h)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
+9
720
923
1059
1147
1200
1230
1242
1242
+6
719
920
1054
1139
1189
1217
1227
1225
+3
717
917
1048
1130
1179
1203
1211
1208
91
%
0
716
913
1041
1120
1166
1188
1194
1188
-3
714
909
1034
1110
1154
1165
1176
1168
pcu/h
-6
712
905
1027
110
1140
1156
1157
1147
6-9
-9
710
900
1018
1087
1124
1138
1136
1124
/h
C C C W f HV
6-6
C
C
C W
f HV

f HV f HV
f HV =
[1 + PHV ( E HV
1
1) + PMHV ( E MHV 1)]
6-7
P HV
E HV
P MHV
E MHV
f HV 6-10
f HV
(%)
f HV
10
0.88
20
0.81
30
0.77
40
0.74
50
0.72
6-10
60
0.71
70
0.704
80
0.70
Cw 6-11
(m)
5.50
92
6-11
0.79
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
0.88
0.95
1.00
1.03
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.12
1.20
(
)
(/h)
0
750
1500
0
1500
3000
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
6-12
1.00
1.20
1.50
1.05
1.15
1.40
1.00
1.30
2.00
1.05
1.20
1.80

50km/h 1200(pcu/h)
60km/h 1500(pcu/h

km
(DS)
93

DS=Q/C
6-8
DS
Q(pcu/h)
C(pcu/h)

6-13
DS(Q/C)
<0.20
0.20~0.50
0.50~0.80
0.80~1.00
6-13
C(pcu/h)
6-12
94
1 1 N
980m 610m
1800m
1800m
95
2

1
1
1
1
(m)
1
(%)
6-14
1200
1050
900
750
600
450
300
150
10
16
29
46
63
79
95
100
100
6-14
1
1 6-15
1
1
96
1
(m)
1
(%)
6-15
150
300
450
600
750
900
1050
1200
100
100
60
30
19
14
11
10
10
3
1 1
1 1
Vr
Vf
DuDd
VuVd

1
4
Vm
1
Vd
1
Vf
6-5
97
Vm = V
+ V
Vf
V1
Vr
(a)
Vf
Vd = V
V 1 - Vr
V m = V 1A
VA
Vf
Vd
= V 1B
(c)
6-5
V rB
V rA
+ VrA
Vr
(b)
51
1 V1 1
Vm Vd
Vf
V1
Vr
6-6
V1=136+0.345Vf0.115Vr
98
610m

Vf =3603100veh/h
Vr =501300veh/h
2
Vf
V1
Vr
6-7
V 1 =165+0.345Vf+0.520Vr

980m

Vf =3603800veh/h
Vr =501400veh/h
6-8
V 1 =202+0.362Vf+0.496Vr-0.226Du+0.096Vu
980m
Vf =653800veh/h
Vr =501450veh/h
Vu =50810veh/h
Du =210980m
4
99
6-9
V 1 =123+0.376Vf-0. 142Vr
120610m
Du120m Vu900veh/h

Vf =7203300veh/h
Vr =901400veh/h
Vu =90900veh/h
Du =120610m
5
6-10
V 1 = -121+0.244Vf-0.085Vu+195.1Vd/Dd
800m Vu=45veh/h
1700m Vf 4500veh/h, 195.1
Vd/Dd=5

Vf =21605600veh/h
Vu =451000veh/h
Vd =451200veh/h
Vr =901540veh/h
Du =280800m
Dd =2801700m
100
6-11
V 1 = 94+0.231Vf+0.473Vr+65.5 Vu/Du
1700m 65.5Vu/Du=2

Vf =10005600veh/h
Vr =201620veh/h
Vu =451100veh/h
Du =2801700m
7 6-11
6-12
V 1 =574+0.228Vf-0.194Vr+2.343Du+0.274Vu
Vf =16204900veh/h
Vr =901350veh/h
Vu =901260veh/h
Du =150300m
101
Vf
V1+A
V1
VA
Vr VB
6-13
V 1 =54+0.070Vf+0.049Vr
V 1+A = -205+0.287Vf+0.575Vr
240m

Vf =5402700veh/h
Vr =10002700veh/h
6-14
V 1+A = -158+0.035Vf+0.567Vr
V 1 =18+0.060Vf+0.072Vr
210m

Vf =19005400veh/h
Vr =10002700veh/h
6 1
V1 8
6-15 1
1
1200m
102
6-15
(veh/h)
6500
6000~6499
5500~5999
5000~5499
4500~4999
4000~4499
3500~3999
3000~3499
2500~2999
2000~2499
1500~1999
1499
8
10
10
10
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6-16
1 %
6
4
18
14
10
6
40
6
35
6
30
6
25
6
20
6-16 B 1
6-16
C 750veh/h
5000veh/h 5000750=4250veh/h
6-16 4250veh/h 8% 1
V1b()=0.084250=340veh/h
B A 300mA 600 /h 6-15(b)
60% 1 300m
V1b(A )=0.60600=360veh/h
103
B 450m C 750veh/h 6-15(a)

79% 1 450m
V1bC =0.79750=593veh/h
B 1
V1b=V1b()+V1b A+V1b C
=340+360+593=1293veh/h
71
1
1
80
60
40
20
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
(veh/h)
6-17
(veh/h)
6-17 1 1
1
V m V d
Vf 6-17
15min
(pcu/h)
(pcu/h)
1000
1450
1750
2000
1050
1500
1800
2000
6-17
(km/h)(pcu/h)
120
4
2200
3200
3800
4000
6
3300
4600
5700
6000
100
4
2000
2600
3400
4000
104
6
3000
4200
5100
6000
80
4
2600
3200
3800
60
6
3900
4800
5700
2300
2900
3600
3450
4350
5400
1800m
veh/hpcu/h
1

VmVm=Vr+V1
VdVd=V1
VfVf=Vf1=VrA

VmVd Vf 6-17
105
6-1
6-18 1800m
120km/h Vf
=2000veh/h 50% Vr=410veh/h 40%
6-18
6-1
1800m
1
V1=136+0.345 Vf-0.115 Vr
=136+0.3452000-0.115410
=779 /h
veh/hpcu/h
3%
EHV
1.5 6-18
Vf
Vr
V1
6-18
(veh/h)
E HV
f HV
2000
410
779
1.5
0.50
0.40
0.82
0.80
0.74
0.71
1.5
(a) Vff HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.5(1.5-1)]=0.8
106
pcu/h
2500
554
1097
(b) Vrf HV 6-10 f HV 0.74

(c) 6-17 2000veh/h 1
0.641 =2000
0.500.64=640veh/h1 640/779=0.82
(d) V1 f HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.82(1.5-1)]=0.71
(e) Vf=2000/0.8=2500(pcu/h)
(f) Vr =410/0.74=554(pcu/h)
(g) V1 =779/0.71=1097(pcu/h)
Vm Vf,
Vm=V1+Vr=1097+554=1651(pcu/h)
Vf=Vf+Vr=2500+554=3054(pcu/h)

6-17 Vf=3054(pcu/h)<3200(pcu/h)
Vm =1651(pcu/h)<1750(pcu/h)
6-2 6-19 120km/h

300m 1000m
Vfo 1600veh/h
50% Vro 100veh/h 40% Vri
200veh/h 60%
6-19
6-2
980m 610m
1
980m
1
V1o =165+0.345Vfo+0.520Vro
=165+0.3451600+0.520100
107
=769veh/h
veh/hpcu/h
Vfo
Vro
V1o
6-19
(veh/h)
E HV
f HV
1600
100
769
1.5
0.50
0.40
0.70
0.80
0.74
0.74
1.5
pcu/h
2000
135
1039
(a) Vfof HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.5(1.5-1)]=0.80

(b) Vrof HV 6-10 f HV 0.74
(c) 6-17 1600veh/h 1
0.671 =16000.50
0.67=536veh/h1 536/769=0.70
(d) V1 f HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.70(1.5-1)]=0.74
(e) Vf=1600/0.8=2000(pcu/h)
(f) Vr =100/0.74=134(pcu/h)
(g) V1 =769/0.74=1039(pcu/h)
Vm Vf,
Vd=V1o=1039(pcu/h)
Vfo=Vfo=2000(pcu/h)

6-17 ,Vfo=2000(pcu/h)<2200(pcu/h),Vd=1039(pcu/h)<
1050(pcu/h)
2
610m
Vfi
Vfi= Vfo- Vro=1600-100=1500veh/h
=(16000.5-1000.4)/1500=0.51
1
V1i=136+0.345Vfi-0.115Vri
=136+0.3451500+0.115200
=631veh/h
veh/hpcu/h
108
6-20
Vfi
Vri
V1i
(veh/h)
E HV
f HV
1500
200
631
1.5
0.51
0.60
0.84
0.80
0.72
0.70
1.5
pcu/h
2000
135
1039
(a) Vfif HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.51(1.5-1)]=0.80

(b) Vrif HV 6-10 f HV 0.72
(c) 6-17 1500veh/h 1
0.691 =15000.51
0.69=528veh/h1 528/631=0.84
(d) V1 f HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.84(1.5-1)]=0.70
(e) Vf=1500/0.8=1875(pcu/h)
(f) Vr =200/0.72=278(pcu/h)
V1 =631/0.70=901(pcu/h)
Vm Vf,
Vm=V1i+ Vri =901+278=1179(pcu/h)
Vfi=Vfi+ Vri =1875+278=2153(pcu/h)

6-17 Vfi= 2153(pcu/h)<2200(pcu/h),
Vm =1179(pcu/h)< 1450(pcu/h),
1
2
3
4
5 1
R=150m 2%
6m>135m 1.9%
450m 250veh/h 100veh/h
20veh/h
109
10 km 25
40
BOT
10
110

30 50
/
/
3
111

Electronic Toll Collection ETC
112
5
10
7-1
1
2
3
4
5
7-1
t
N
m2.5
N19
2.5m7
20N39
7m14
N40
14m39
m40

3.5t
3.5t8.0t
8.0t
7-2
113
0-70-140
1-1-1
1.15-1.10-1.05
1.45-1.30-1.10
0-280-340
1-1-1
1.18-1.13-1.05
1.50-1.33-1.10
7-2
0-1100-1150
1-1-1
1.22-1.17-1.05
1.55-1.38-1.10
1
1)
2)

a.
b.
Pn (t ) =
(t ) n t
e
n!
7-1
Pn (t ) t n

114

M
Poisson
X(t)t[0] E012
X(t)
a t0 X(a+t)-X(a) t
p{ X (a + t ) X (a) = k} =
(t ) k t
e
k!
k = 0127-2
>0 X(t)Poisson
[aa+t]kV k (t)V k ta
tk
2
3 1
V
k =0
(t ) = 1
7-3
4[aa+t] 1 t
t
lim
t 0
(t )
=0
t
7-4
115
D

ER
k
ku k
T 1 T 2 T k kku
k
TT 1 +T 2 ++T k
7-5
f T (t ) =
uk (ukt ) k 1 ukt
e
(k 1)!
t>0
7-6
f T (t ) k
uk k k
k
k
k1
k
k 30 k
k
116

FCFS
LCFS
PR
(RSS)
f (t ) = e t
7-7
f (t )

D

G
3)
/////
M/M/1/K//FCFS ,
1 k
X/Y/Z/ X/Y/Z
X/Y/Z
X
Y Z M/G/C
117
Lq
L
L=Lq+
s Wq
s W
W=Wq+

1/1/
L = W
7-8
L q = W q
7-9
W = Wq +
L = Lq +
7-10
7-11
Little
3M/G/C
M/G/C
M/G/C M/G/1
C
/C j
j =
j123c
7-12
= j =
j =1
118
7-13
M/G/1
2 + 2 D[V ]
2 {( E[V ] ) 2 + D[V ]}
L=+
= E[V ] +
= E[V ] + Lq
2(1 )
2(1 E[V ])
7-14
W = E[V ] +
2 {( E[V ]) 2 + D[V ]}
= E[V ] + Lq
2(1 E[V ])
7-15
Lq =
2 {( E[V ]) 2 + D[V ]}
2(1 E[V ])
7-16
Wq =
{( E[V ]) 2 + D[V ]}
= Lq
2(1 E[V ])
7-17
veh/s
Vs
E[V]s
D[V]s 2
E[V] D[V] V
M/G/1
L E[V]
D[V] D[V]L
E[V] D[V]
7-3
s
22
10
3
s
45
15
6
M/G/1 E[V]
D[V]
119
2 3
120
7-4 7-5
7-4
D35
D35
D35
35D70
35D70
35D70
70D150
70D150
70D150
7-5
veh/h
D150
D150
D150
C60
C290
C1100
60C130
290C325
1100C1150
130C148
325C345
1150C1180
C148
C345
C1180
/h
121
t1 =
v0
3.6a1
7-18
W = E [v ] +
(E [v ])2 + D[v]
2(1 E [v ])
122
7-19
t2 =
v0
3.6a 2
7-20
v0 km/h
a1 m/s 2
a2 m/s 2
veh/s
E[v] s
D[v]s 2
l1 =
1
2
a1t1
2
7-21
2 (E [v ])2 + D[v ]
l 2 = m E [v ] +
2(1 E [v ])
7-22
1
2
a2t 2
2
7-23
l3 =
mm/veh
k 1 k 2 k 3
b 1m/veh
b 2 m/vehb 3 m/veh
m = b1 k1 + b2 k 2 + b3 k 3
123
7-24
d = W + t1 + t 2
3.6(l1 + l 2 + l3 )
v0
1 3.6m
2 (E [v ])2 + D[v ] v0 1 1
=
E [v] + 2(1 E [v]) + 7.2 a + a
v
0
2
1
7-25
1

2

3
7-2
7-25
d 7-4
124
DHV 30
DHV
DHV = AADT * K * D
7-26
K 30 AADT
D

C=
3600
T j + TGj
7-27
Tj j
TGj j
7-5
7-5
K=
Q
C
7-28
Q pcu/h
C

1
125

2 Qpcu/h
4
7-5 C K=Q/C
7.1 3
200veh/h 130veh/h 4m 50veh/h
9m 20veh/h 12m
3m/s 2 2.5m/s 2
120km/h 22s 45s

Q=130*1.0+50*1.05+20*1.10=205veh/h
7-2

=205/368veh/h
=68/36000.0189veh/s
m
m = 4*
130
50
20
6m
+ 9*
+ 12 *
200
200
200
7-25 d
d34s
7-4
126
3 1
1 1350veh/h 70%
19% 5% 6% PHF=0.95
7.7s 11.58s
127
128
4 1-8
2
PCE
PCE
PCE
LV
1.00
MHV
1.56
8-1
LHV
3.05
TC
3.56
PCE
10-25km/h-4%-2%0%2%4%
PCE
PCE
%
8-2
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
0.99
1.58
2.23
3.67
3.36
1.00
1.59
2.25
3.72
3.40
1.00
1.60
2.26
3.76
3.43
1.00
1.61
2.28
3.81
3.47
1.00
1.62
2.30
3.85
3.51
129

2/2
9-15m 9-12m
4/2
15-17m 9-12m

2
2/2
20-40km/h 20-30km/h
4/2
40-50km/h 20-35km/h
4/4
50-70km/h 30-40km/h

350-800 /h 150-400
/h

40%-55% 20-35% 8%-15%
0-10%
3
8-1
T 8-3 8-4 T
130
4.0m)
3.5m)
418m
8-1

3

T veh/h
8-3
550
450
187
160
210
210
97
154
4
6
1117
1112
T veh/h
8-4
40
40
25
31
17
15
0
0
106
112
131
f (t ) = e t
8-1
t t 0= Q / 3600 Q
1
T
e
,
f (t ) = T
0
(8-2)
0T T = 3600 / Q
8-2
8-2=0 8-1
Erlang
f (t ) =
(t ) r 1
(r 1)!
e t , r = 1,2,3
8-3
r / r
8-3 r =1 8-1
1975 Cowan M3
M3 M3
1 M3
e (t ) , t 0
f (t ) =
0, t < 0
8-4
132
Q
3600 Q
8-5
Q
M3
M3
M3
M3 M3
1 ,0 t < 1
f (t ) = 2 , 1 t < 2
( t 2 )
,t 2
3e
8-6
1 [0]
1 [ 1 2 ]
2 2
3 e
(t 2 )
3 = 1 1 1 2 ( 2 1 )
1
1 1
( 1 21 + 2 22 2 21 ) / 2 2
3 q
(8-7)
(8-8)
M3
F (t ) =
1t
11 + 2 (t 1 ),
0 t < 1
1 t < 2
1 3 e (t 2 ) ,
8-9
t 2
8-9 1 =0 2 = 1 8-98-4M3
M3
M3 M3
M3
2 t f
t f
t cCritical gap
133
t f Following up time
t f
M3
t m Move-up time
t f
80
t c t f
a
b
c
d
8-2
t a t c
Ashworth
t c = t a V p s a2
t c s
134
8-10
t a s
V p veh/s
s a2 s 2
8-2
Ashworth
nf = f
1
r f2
(8-11)
n f
r f
e f
f
a f

S
af
90%
0.4
8-5
95%
0.6
99%
1.0
a f 8-5 0.05 a f =0.4

n f =160

135
0.50-0.60
0.4-0.9 0.5-0.6 8-6
0.19 8-7
0.45
0.41
0.55
0.46
0.47
0.60
0.50
0.39
0.65
0.06
0.14
0.19
0.06
0.13
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.06
8-6
0.60
0.59
0.67
8-7
0.13
0.08
0.10
a
b
c
d
e
8-8 8-9
136
t c 2/2
5.0
5.5
5.0
3.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
6.0
6.5
6.0
3.5
tr
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
7.0
7.5
7.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
8-8
7.0
8.0
7.0
4.5
8-9
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
20-25km/h 3.5m
1s
8-10
8-9
t c 2/4
6.0
6.5
6.0
4.0
7.0
7.5
7.0
4.5
8.0
8.5
8.0
5.0
8-10
8.0
9.0
8.0
5.5
8-11
tm
2.0
2.5
3.0
8-11
3.0
137
TT 1
TT1 = Lin / Vin + Lout / Vout
(8-12)
Vin Vout
Lin Lout
D1
D1 = TTi TT1
(8-13)
TTi i
TT1

TT2 = Lin / V 'in + Lout / V ' out
(8-14)
V ' in V ' out
Lin Lout
D2
D2 = TTi TT2
138
(8-15)
TTi i
TT2

Kimber

8-3 t1
t 2
d1 d 2
d
w
d1
t1
8-3
d2
t
t2
t c
t1
t1
t1
d dec
d neg d acc
139
d geom = d dec + d neg + d acc
8-16
d geom
d dec
d neg
d acc
v p vn
t c h t c
h t c + t f h t c + nt f
n + 1
g (t ) t f (t )
v p
Cn = v p
t =0
f (t ) g (t )dt
cn
140
(8-17)
t c t f

g (t ) = n p n (t )
(8-18)
n =0
p n (t ) t n
tc + (n 1)t f < t < t c + nt f
1,
pn =
0,
cn = vn
f (t ) g (t )dt
T =0
(8-19)
(8-20)
cn =
v pe
v p tc
1 e
v pt f
(8-21)
cn =
v pe
e
v p (tc t f )
v pt f
(8-22)
g (t ) =
0,
t < t0
t t0
tf
t t0
t0 = tc
cn = v p
t =0
tf
2
8-23
(8-24)
f (t ) g (t )dt
cn =
1 v ptc
e
tc
(8-25)
141

8-4
8-4
1
2 1
3 2 1
4 32 1
1 2356
2 14912
3 811
4 710

8-12
142
8-12
1
V 5 +V 6
V 2 +V 3
4
9
V 2 +0.5V 3
V 5 +0.5V 6
12
8
V 2 +0.5V 3 +V 5 +V 6 +V 1 +V 4
V 5 +0.5V 6 +V 2 +V 3 +V 1 +V 4
11
7
V 2 +0.5V 3 +V 5 +V 1 +V 4 +V 11 +V 12
V 5 +0.5V 6 +V 1 +V 4 +V 2 +V 8 +V 9
10

8-8 8-10

8-25
2 2 8-5
pcu/h
2 4 8-6
pcu/h
8-5
2/2
143
veh/h
veh/h
8-6
2/4
1 2 3

Harders1968Brilon
Grossmann
cc , 2 = c n, 2
(8-26)
cc , 4 = cn , 4
cc ,9 = c n ,9
cc ,9 = c n ,9
c c ,12 = c n ,12
c c ,1 = c n ,1
cc , 4 = cn , 4
(8-27)
(8-28)
144
P0, 2 = 1 x
(8-29)
P0 , 2
x x = v / c n
cn
P0 , 2
P0 , 2
c n , 3 c c , 3
c c ,3 = P0, 2 c n ,3
(8-30)
c c , 7 = P0, 4 c n , 7
(8-31)
c c ,8 = Px c n ,8
(8-32)
c c ,11 = Px c n ,11
(8-33)
Px = P0,1 P0, 4
(8-34)
8-7
p z ,i = 0.65 p y ,i
p y ,i
p y ,i + 3
i = 8 11
p y ,i = p x p 0 ,i
145
+ 0.6 p y ,i
(8-35)
c c , 7 = ( p z ,11 p 0,11 ) c n , 7
(8-36)
c c ,10 = ( p z ,8 p 0,9 ) c n ,10
(8-37)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
8-7
( A )
( B ) B A
A B A B
T A TB A B
T = TA + TB
T A TB
N A N B TS , TU
146
N A = N SA + N UA
8-38
N B = N SB + N UB
8-39
TA = TSA + TUA
8-40
TB = TSB + TUB
8-41
N A N B A B
A B
Q A = N A 3600 / T = 3600N A /(TA + TB )

QB = 3600 /(TA + TB )
8-42
8-43
Q = Q A + QB = 3600( N A + N B ) /(TA + TB )
8-44
(1)
WebsterHCM
(2)
147
(3)
1Harders
Harders1968
v t v t
1 e p c n f
d=
+tf
cn vn
8-45
x
1
C
1 +
cn 1 + x
8-46
2M/G/1
d=
1 + CW2
C=
2
CW = 0 C = 0.5 M/D/1
CW = 1 C = 1.0 M/M/1
3HCM
d=
1 T
+ ( x 1) +
cn 4
(x 1)2 +
8x
cnT
8-47
148
4
Kyte1991
d = 1 e 2 ( cn vn )
8-48
1 2
1 =55.74, 2 =0.0014
c n -v n veh/h
3
r A =N SA /N A
r B =N SB /N B
N SA N SB AB
N A N B AB
webster
d = 0.9(d 1 + d 2 )
8-49
c(1 )
d1 =
2(1 x )
8-50
x2
d2 =
2q(1 x )
8-51
=1-/c x=y/ y=q/Q S

c
A=T B c=T A +T B q=q a
Q S =Q SA B=T A c=T A +T B q=q B Q S =Q SB
d 1 Mayd 2
M/D/1
149
HCM,1994
8-13
A
B
C
D
E
F
8-13
(s)
5.0
5.1 10.0
10.1 20.0
20.1 30.0
30.1 45.0
45.0
8-14
s
15.0
15.1 30.0
30.1 50.0
50.0
8-14
45s
pcu/h
M/G/1
HCM
200
80
120
100
130
600
420
470
450
480
150
1000
850
870
870
920
8-15
1400
1280
1300
1300
1310
1340pcu/h
8-16
pcu/h
200
100
600
450
1000
900
8-16
1400
1300
8-17
XAB X
4T 3A B
2/2 422T 2/2 322
pcu/h
422
2600
442
3100
322
2000
8-17
342
2500
2
T
8-18
422
442
322
342
1/2
2/3
1/2
2/3
1/2
2/3
1/2
2/3
9-15
9-12
15-17
9-12
9-15
9-12
15-17
9-12
8-18

2
2
4
2
2
2
4
2
Y/N
N
N
N
N
8-19
pcu/h
422
2600
2508
442
3100
3277
151
322
2000
2103
8-19
342
2500
2775
8-20
pcu/h
422
2600
442
3100
8-20
322
2000
342
2500
C 0 C
C = C 0 Fi
i
C0
Fi i
4
1
FEQ x
FEQ = 1 0.32 ln ( x )
8-52
FEQ
8-21
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
FEQ
1.00
0.97
0.94
0.92
0.89
0.87
0.85
0.83
0.81
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
FEQ
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.75
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.69
0.68
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
FEQ
0.67
0.66
0.65
0.64
0.63
0.62
0.61
0.60
0.59
FLA x
FLA = 1+ 0.20 x
152
8-53
FLA
8-22
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
FLA
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
(3)
FLT x
FLT = 1 0.40 x
8-54
FLT
8-23
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
FLT
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
(4)
FRT x
FRT = 1 + 0.1x
FRT
0.05
1.01
0.1
1.01
FRT
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1.02
1.02
1.03
1.03
8-55
0.35
1.04
8-24
0.4
0.45
1.04
1.05
(5)
FFR 8-25
FFR
1%
4%
7%
8-25
0.95-1.00
0.80-0.95
0.6-0.80
(6)
C C 0
C = C 0 Fi = C 0 FEQ FLA FLT FRT FFR
8-56
153

0.75
x 0.75 d = 0.36 exp(4.28 x )
x 0.75 d = 0.36 exp(4.28 x ) FD FD

FD =1.7
6
1
2
70009000veh/d
422 2600pcu/h
0.440.56 PCE
13.5
154

F EQ
754
453
1.7
0.83
F EQ
F LT
213
1204
0.18
0.93
F LT
8-26
F LA
252
574
0.44
1.09
F LA
F RT
211
1204
0.18
1.02
F RT
0.90
F RT
C = C 0 FEQ FLA FLT FRT FFR = 2600 0.83 1.09 0.93 1.02 0.90
= 2008 pcu/h
V
1204
C
2008
x=V/C
0.6
d s
5
8-27
5s
155
(1) 8-8
25m
8-8
8-9
(2) 8-9 4-25m
(3) 8-10 4m
8-10
156
wardrop
QM =
e
p
) (1 )
w
3
w
(1 + )
e
354 w (1 +
(8-57)
QM/h
lm
wm
em
e = 12 (e1 + e2 )
e1m
e2m
p
8-11
e1
e2
8-11
a.
b. 4%
c.
w
e/w
w/e
e1/e2
p
=6.1-18.0m
=0.4-1.0
=0.12-0.4
=0.34-1.41
=0.4-1.0
30 0
60 0
95 0
2
1966
157
wardrop
Q=
e
)
w
160w(1 +
1+
w
l
(8-58)
Q 15% 15%
85%
3
1
8-12
8-12
t ms
t m qpcu/s
t m 1- 8-47 t f
t c <h<t c +t f t c +(k-1)t f <h<t c +t f k

t c +(k-1)t f <h<t c +t f P k
p K = p[h t c + ( k 1)t f ] p ( h t c + kt f )
= e
[ tc + ( k 1) t f t m ]
( tc + kt f t m )
8-59
C e
C e = 3600 p k kq = 3600
k =1
qe (t t
c
1 e
t f
m)
8-60
158
C e1
Ce 2
C e = C e1 + C e 2
(8-61)
C e1 C e 2 C
e2
t m t m
q=q 1 +q 2 q 2 q 2
tm
p(t t m ) =
t m
1 1
1
( + )
2 q1 q 2
h =
h h
p(t t m ) + p(t > t m ) = 1
2q1q 2
(0 t t m )
q + q
1
2
f (t ) =
(1 2q1q 2 t )e (t tm )
m
q1 + q 2
= 1 + 2 =
t m < t )
8-62
1 q1
1 t m q1
2 q2
+
1 t m q2
8-61
C e1 = 3600
qe ( tc tm ) (1 2q1 q 2 )
t
q1 + q 2
1 e f
8-63
2 q 2 e ( tc t m )
qe ( tc tm ) (1 2q1 q 2 )
C e = 3600
3600
t
t
q1 + q 2 +
1 e f
1 e 2 f
8-64
159
Q = k ( w + A )
(8-65)
Q 0.8 pcu/h
w m
Am 2 A=
Kpcu/hmK=70K=50K=45
1
FSF
8-28

8-28
1
0.96
0.92
ce1 = 3600
ce = 3600
qe (t e tm )
1 e
qe
t f
(te t m )
1 e
t f
2q1 q 2
q + q2 )
(1- 1
(1
q e 2 ( t e t m )
2q1 q 2
) + 3600 2 2 2t f
q1 + q 2
1 e
8-66
8-67
FLT = 1.14 0.92PLT

PLT
3
160
8-68
FRT
FRT = 0.76 + 1.6 PRT
8-69
PRT
4 FM
FM
FM = 0.88 + 0.11 PM
8-70
FSF FLT FRT FM
8-71
DTDG
8-29
8-29
(m)
(s)
<20
6
>20
8
q(pcu/s)v n (pcu/s)
1
161
DT =
cn
Dmin
=
Dmin
1 x c n cv
vn
x
cn
8-72
Dmin Adams (s)
Dmin =
e ( tc t m )
1 2 2t m + 2t m
t c + tm
q
2(t m + )
8-73
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 0
0.2
8-13
0.4
0.6
0.8
8-728-73
200300400500600700800(pcu/h)
8-13
5s 2s 2s
8-14 800 /h
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
8-14
200
300
400
500
2
1
Morse(1962)
162
T>
cn vn
8-74
T(s)c n v n
8-74
8-72
8-72
1h 5min
15min 8-74
D=
x d
i =1
n
i =1
8-75
d i i
xi i
n
D=DT+DG
DT
DG
8-15
422 422
2700pcu/h 660pcu/h 8-72
8-73 8-15
163
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.2
0.4
8-15
0.6
0.8
422
pcu/h
422
442422
444
2000
2400
2700
900
1100
1200
2300
2800
3000
8-30
2700
3300
3600
2700pcu/h
600pcu/h
8-30
1
8-31 F SF

8-31
1.0
0.96
0.92
2
(8-68)
F LT =1.14-0.92P LT
8-76
P LT
3
F RT
F RT =0.76+1.6P RT
P RT
4
164
8-77
P M
FM(8-78)
F M =0.88+0.12P M
8-78
1
Y X
8-16
8-16
2
165
N R = 3600 / t R
t R (s)
R
NR = NI R
8-79
N I veh/h
N 8-16
T TR
TG TY T= TR + TG + TY
N s = 3600 s [ (TG T f ) / Ts + 1
Tf
8-80
(s)
Ts (s)
s 1.0
TL
TS
8-81
166
TL (s)
TS (s).
L
N SL = N S (1 L )
8-82
N SL L
8-15
L L
M = ( Li ) / L
8-83
8-79 8-80
N SL L M
L M N
SL
8-84
n L
n N SL L M
L M / nN SL
8-85
1
3 3
Q = Q =
1
Q
2
N = 4 N = 4 3600 / t
N
t
veh/h
167
8-86
2.5s
=2.5s 8-83
N = 4 N = 4 3600 / 2.5 = 5760(veh/h)

2
3 3
T 100s
T = t + t + t = 50 s + 47 s + 3s
t = 2.3st = 2.44 s
Q = Q = 0.5Q
25% / = 25%
' = 1 / 3
N =
3600 47 2.3
(
+ 1) = 695.5(veh / h)
100
2.44
N = N 1
0.28
N = 695.5(1 0.28 1 / 3) = 630.

6 veh/h
N = 2 N + N = 2 N + N
N =
2 N
1
2 630.6
= 1661.
6 veh / h
1 0.25
N = 4 N = 4 1661.6 = 6726.
3 veh / h
1h
N = N = 1661.6 25% = 415.

4 veh / h
N = 415.4 100 / 3600 = 11.5 12 veh
M 12veh
168
1
2
3
4? ?
5? ?
1TT
7000veh/d 80 0
0.600.40PCE 13.5
2 422 9m
1247veh/h 440veh/h
807veh/h
0.400.300.250.05pcu 1.2
169
170
171
2

8 8
9-1
pcu/h
()

500
350
600
420
600
420
500
350
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
9-1
pcu/h
()

150
105
150
105
200
140
200
140
9-2 8
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
pcu/h
()

750
525
900
650
900
630
750
525
9-2
pcu/h
()

75
52
75
52
100
70
100
70
172
8
70 9-3
pcu/h
1000
600
9-3
/h
150

5
100
123 80

123
80 80
3
1994 1 GB1488694
9-4
12h
1994
9-4
veh/h
veh/h
12h
12h
750
8000
350
3800
<10
800
9000
270
2100
1200
13000
190
2000
900
10000
390
4100
m
1000
12000
300
2800
>10
1400
15000
210
2200
1800
20000
150
1500
1994-01-29 1994-09-01
13 ~ 5t 2 5t 2.5, 5,
0.2, 0.5,12h 7 19
15m
500
173

500m 750 12h 8000
500
9-1 9-2 9-3
9-5
a) T
b) T
c) T
9-1
a)
9-2
b)
174
a)
b)
9-3
3
3
3
3
0
9
4
8
8
12
4
32
5
15
15
45
5
80
3
21
21
10
0
52
9-5
4
4
4
2
0
10
5
6
6
4
0
16
175
9-6
9-7
AC
DE
F
(s)
<30
30180
>180
(s)
<30
30360
>360
A
B
C
D
E
F
9-6
(s)
<70
70100
>100
9-7
(s)
5
5.115
15.125
25.140
40.160
>60
9-8
V/C
(s)
(s)
0.5
30
50
0.60.9
3040
100
9-8
0.81.0
4050
150
1
50
>150
1
176

T
9-4 a
9-4
b
B
C
A
A
D
a)
b)
9-4
9-5
b)
a)
f)
9-5
c)
e)
d)
g)
a)
b)
177
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
3.75m
T C s
Y s
G i i
g i i
,s
i =g i /T C i
r i ,s
2%
178
9-6
9-6
9-7
9-7
179

9-7
9-8
9-8
180
1

T
2

3

1 HCM(Highway Capacity Manual)
181

g/c 1.0
1800 veh /
S=S 0 Nf w f HV f g f p f bb f a f RT f LT
9-1
S
S 0 1800veh//ln
N
f w
f HV
f g
f p
f bb
f a
f RT
f LT

C i =S i i
9-2
i =(g/T c ) i
9-3
C i ii
i /
S i ii(/)
X i =(V/C) i =V i /[S i (g/T c ) i ]

=(V i /S i ) / i
9-4
X i i
V i i
V/CX c
X c =(V i /S i )[ T c /( T c L)]
9-5
X c V/C
(V i /S i )
L
1.0
1.0
182

V/C 1.0
d = 0.38TC
(1 g / Tc ) 2
[1 ( g / Tc )( X )]
+ 173X 2 [( X 1) + ( X 1) 2 + 16 X / c
9-6
ds/veh
T c s
g/T c
X v/c
c
9-9
PF
v/c
x
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
2
1.35
1.22
1.18
1.08
0.98
0.94
1.35
1.22
1.18
1.18
1.07
1.04
1.00
1
1.85
1.50
1.40
1.54
1.25
1.16
1.85
1.50
1.40
1.48
1.20
1.12
1.00
9-9
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.85
0.85
0.85
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
4
0.72
0.82
0.90
0.62
0.71
0.78
0.72
0.82
0.90
0.86
0.98
1.00
1.00
5
0.53
0.67
0.82
0.40
0.50
0.61
0.42
0.53
0.65
0.70
089
1.00
1.00
183
d A = d i vi / vi
i
9-7
d A As/veh
d i Ais/veh
v i Iveh/h
d l = d Av A / v A
A
9-8
d l s/
v A A/h
2 TRRL
TRRLTransport and Road Research Lab
Webster

TRRL
S=525W
pcu/h
W5.5m
9-9
Wm

t (1 ) 2
t
x2
d= c
+
0.65( c2 ) 3 x ( 2 +5 x )
2(1 x ) 2q (1 x)
q
1
9-10
ds
t c s
q
x

Webster
tc0 =
1.5t CL + 5
1 Y
9-11
t c0 s
t CL s
Y y=q/s
Y = max( y1, y 2,..., yi...)
9-12
t CL =t 1 +(t i -t y )
t 1 s
184
9-13
t i s
t y s

9-23
t C =t c0 t CL
9-14
t C y max
t g
t g0 =t g t y t l
9-15
C=
S tg
= S
tc
9-16
3 ARRB
ARRBAustraslia Road Research Board Akcelik
Webster
Webster x1 d, x
1Akcelik
qt c (1 ) 2
+ x N0
D=
2(1 Y )
9-17
Ds
N 0
tc0 =
(1.4 + k )t CL + 6
1 Y
k=0.4k=0.2k=0
1
1
185
9-18
9-9

CS =
3600 tg t 0
(
+ 1)
Tc
ti
9-19
C s pcu/h;
Tc s
t g s
t 0 s 2.3s
t i s/pcu
0.9
t i
t i =2.5s
t i =3.5s
t i =7.5s
9-10
ti
t i (s)
2 8
2.65
3 7
2.95
4 6
3.12
5 5
3.26
9-10
6 4
3.30
7 3
3.34
8 2
3.42

C S =C S
9-20
C S pcu/h

C sl C S l 2
9-21

slr sl
9-22
slr pcu/h

elr s /(1 r )
9-23
elr pcu/h
186
s pcu/h
l r
l elr l
9-24
r elr r
9-25
el s sr l
9-26
el pcu/h
s pcu/h
sr pcu/h
l el l
9-27
er s sl r
9-28
er pcu/h
s pcu/h
sl pcu/h
r er r
9-29

-pcu
le > le
e e n s le le
9-30
e pcu/h
e pcu/h
n s
le pcu/h
le e l
9-31
le pcu/h
nnn
2
-10
187
A
-10
-11
9-19
B 9-20
9-21
pcu 9-30
9-11
9-19

9-28
pcu
9-30
2
3600 t g t
ti
Tc
(9-32)
pcu/h
Tcs
t g s
t
t =
V
2.3s
2a
Vm/s 13km/h
188
am/s 2
t i s/pcu
2pcu/h
Cr =
3600
tr
(9-33)
C r pcu/h
t r s/pcu
.5s
.s
pcu/h
Cl =
3600
Tc
tl
Vl
2a
t0
9-34
C l pcu/h
t l s
Vl m/s
t 0 s
n 1
n1
3600
Tc
n 2 n 2
s, 3.54s
n 2
189
s Cs
Cs Cs
(pcu/Tc)
2
n2 =
(9-35)
n3 =
t y t
t0
( pcu / Tc )
(9-36)
t =V/2a
t y (s)
t 0
a
:
Cl=
3600
(n 1 +n 2 +n 3 ) (pcu/h)
Tc
(9-37)
45120s
180s
3
g +1
G = t lh + (nl 0 1)h1 + 2 + (n s 1)h1 + (nl 1) + g t st
(9-38)
n s n l
n l0
t lh t st
h 1
h 1
190
h 1
= 1 + 2 1
2
G
g
g
nN =
G g ( 2h1 ) + 2h1 - 2 - t lh + t st )
h1
9-39
2 =h 1
nN =
G g ( 2h1 ) - (t lh t st )
+1
h1
9-40
G = t sh + (n s 1)h1 + (nl 1)h1 + g t st
9-41
t sh
ns =
G g ( 2h1 ) (t sh t st )
+1
h1
9-42
nw =
G g (2 3h1 ) (t lh t st )
+2
h2
191
9-43
nE =
G g (2 3h1 ) (t sh t st )
+2
h2
9-44
h 2
9-40424344
n=
G m
+m
hm
9-45
m
m
m = 1 =g(2h 1 )
m = 2 =g(23h 2 )
=t lh t st
=t sh t st
n N =n S ,
n E =n W
9-44
n = n
+ nS + n E + nW + n
9-46
N=
3600
n
Tc
pcu/h
9-47
T c s
9.1 9-12 TBC

t g =40sAt g =25s 5s 15%t 0 =2.3s =0.9
192
9-12
A
A
3600
[(tg t 0) / ti + 1]
Tc
3600
=
[(25 2.3) / 2.5 + 1] 0.9 = 435 pcu / h
(40 + 25 + 2 5)
Cs =
3600
[(tg t 0) / ti + 1]
Tc
3600
=
[(40 2.3) / 2.5 + 1] 0.9 = 695 pcu / h
(40 + 25 + 2 5)
CS =
C er =C s /(1)=695/(10.15)=818pcu/h
C
C
C B C B
C el =C s /(1 l )=695/(10.15)=818pcu/h
C 3~4pcu B
C le =C el l =8180.15=123 pcu/h
C le =3n=33600/(402525)=144 pcu/h
C le <C le
B
T 435818818=2017pcu/h
9.2 9-13
T C =120st g =52s
28 15%
193
9-13
(1) 9-19
CS =
3600 t g t 0
(
+ 1)
TC
ti
t 0 =2.3s, =0.9
28 9-8t i =2.65
CS =
3600 52 2.3
(
+ 1) 0.9 = 533( pcu / h)
120
2.65
(2) 9-20
C sr =C s =533pcu/h
(3)
9-26
C el =(C s +C sr )/(1 l )
=(533+533)/(10.15) =1254pcu/h
(4) 9-27
C l =C el 1
=12540.15
=188pcu/h
(5)
C le >C le ,
C le 4nn 1
T c =120s
n=3600/120=30
C le =430=120pcu/h
C le =C l =188pcu/h
C le >C le ,9-30
C e =C e n s (C le C le )
194
=1254-2(188120)
=1118 pcu/h
(6)
(7)
9-21
C slr =C sl =C s (1/2)
=533(10.150.5)=493pcu/h
(8)
C l =4930.15=74pcu/h
C l < C le =120pcu/h
9
1118pcu/h
1118pcu/h
493pcu/h
C=11182+4932
=3222pcu/h
9.3
1
(1)
9-14
9-11
m
74.5
65.0
53.1
42.6
195
24.0
9-11
11.8
31.0
23.0
9-14
(2)
1640 pcu/h
541+471=1012
pcu/h , 62%
301+327=628
pcu/h , 38%
- 20% 10%
- 20%- 5% 10%
20%
30%
50%
30%
25%
45%.
(3)
39 3 42 84
2
(1) 9-12
196

/h
9-12

31 221 49 70 243 14 41 432 68 32 400 39
/ 0.7 5.2 0.1 1.6 5.7 0.3 1 10.1 0.6 0.7 9.3 0.9
/ 0.3 2.4 0.5 0.7 2.6 0.2 0.4 4.7 0.7 0.3 4.3 0.4
90%
/
/
/
/
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
3
2
2
0
1
1
1
0
3
2
2
0
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
(2) h
h 1 =5.8a 1 4.0a 2 2.4a 3

a 1 a 2 a 3
h 1 =5.80.34.00.252.40.45=3.82s
h 1 =5.80.24.00.32.40.5=3.56s
,
h 2 =2.5s ()
(3)
=8.3s,
=8.1s;
(4) g
g=2
g=2
g=1
(5) 9-13
(s)
t sh
t st
18.2
12.8
14.9
11.2
13.9
9.1
13.2
7.3
t lh
t lt
n=
G m
+m
hm
(1) Nn N
9-15
m=1
m = 1 = g(2h 1 ) =28.323.82= 1.32
197
7.7
5.6
9-13
4.1
2.8
8.4
7.2
7.0
5.3
= t lhN t stN = 4.1 12.8 = 8.7

nN =
39 1.32 + 8.7
+ 1 = 13
3.82
n N = 132 =11
(2) Sn s
9-16
N
N
E
9-15 N
9-16 S
m=1 m = 1 = 1.32
= t shN t stN = 14.9 11.2 = 3.7

ns =
39 1.32 3.7
+ 1 = 10
3.82
(3) W n W
9-17
m=2
m = 2 = g(23h 2 ) =28.1-32.5= 8.7
= t lhW t stE = 7.0 9.1 = 2.1

nW =
39 8.7 + 2.1
+ 2 = 15
2 .5
n W =152=13
(4) E n E
9-18
198
W
E
W
E
9-17 W
9-18 E
m=2 m = 2 =8.7
= t shW t stw = 13.2 7.3 = 5.9

nE =
39 8.7 + 5.9
+ 2 = 12
2 .5
(5)
n=n N n s n W n E n
n =2()
n =111013122=48
N=
3600
3600
n=
48 = 2060 pcu / h
Tc
84
1
2
3
4
5
1
Tc=60s, 2 3s 20%
10%=28
2ABCD
AB 40pcu/h 25%CD
250pcu/h 30% 20%
199
G AB =50s,G CD =42s(G ),
2 4s
200
10-1
201
10-1
:(1)(2)
(3)
(
)
m
s
N 0 =3600/h t
N 0 =1000V/L
N 0 veh/h
h t s
202
10-1
Vkm/h
Lm
L
L=L 0 +L 1 +U+IV
10-2
L 0 (m)
L 1 (m)
V(km/h)
I
UmU=VTT=1.2s
I 10-2 I
I
%
I10 3
5
50
4
51
3
52
2
53
1
53
0
54
10-2
-1
55
-2
56
-3
57
-4
58
-5
59
(4%)I 0.054L 0 =2mL 1 =5m

pcu/h 10-3
V(Km/h)
L(m)
N 0 (pcu/h)
20
14.32
1406
30
19.08
1572
35
21.82
1604
10-3
40
24.78
1614
50
31.31
1597
60
38.67
1552
pcu/h 10-4
V(Km/h)
N 0 (pcu/h)
20
1380
30
1550
40
1640
50
1690
10-4
60
1730
10-5 1560Km/h

h t (s)
N 0 (pcu/h)
2.671
1348
3.696
974
10-5

3.371
1068
4.804
749
,, 1500pcu/h
N = nN 0
n
Nn
N 0
203

1.00
0.800.89 0.650.78 0.50
0.65 0.400.52
s
s

10-1
t AB
1=
=
t1 + t2 + t3 + V
a
204
l
V
+
l2
V
+
+
V
b
l
V
1=
l
V
V
2 a
10-3
V
2 b
l m
V m/s,V 1 Km/hV =
V1
3 .6
am/s a=0.600.67m/s
2
2
a=0.420.46m/s a=0.430.49m/s
2
a=0.50m/s
2
2
bm/s ,:b=1.66m/s ,
2
2
b=1.30m/s b=1.5m/s
s=1520s
10-3 10-2 10-6
V(m/s)
V(m/s)
V
l1
l2
l3
l(m)
t1
t2
t3
t(s)
10-1
l 1
m
l 2
m
l 3 m
t 1 l 1 s
t 2 l 2 s
t 3 l 3 s
ll 1 l 2 l 3
tt 1 t 2 t 3
205
1.0
V = 20km / h
V = 30
0.8
V = 40
V = 50
0.6
0.4
0.2
l
V
l
V
V
+
+
+
V
2a
2b
a = 0.5m / s 2 , b = 1.5m / s2 , = 15s
200
400
600
800
1000
lm
10-2
10-3
2
1 a=0.50m/s ,b=1.5m/s ,=15s

V(km/h) V(m/s)
20
5.56
25
6.94
30
8.33
35
9.72
40
11.11
45
12.50
50
13.88
100
0.45
0.37
0.31
0.27
0.23
0.20
0.18
200
0.62
0.54
0.48
0.42
0.38
0.34
0.30
300
0.71
0.64
0.58
0.52
0.48
0.43
0.39
400
0.76
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.46
m m
500
600
700
800
0.80 0.83 0.85 0.87
0.75 0.78 0.81 0.83
0.70 0.73 0.76 0.79
0.65 0.69 0.72 0.75
0.60 0.64 0.68 0.71
0.56 0.60 0.64 0.67
0.52 0.56 0.60 0.63
900
0.88
0.84
0.81
0.77
0.73
0.69
0.66
1000
0.89
0.86
0.82
0.79
0.75
0.72
0.68
10-6
1100
0.90
0.87
0.83
0.80
0.77
0.74
0.70
1200
0.91
0.88
0.85
0.82
0.78
0.75
0.72
Vab
l, N
l=8001000m

10-3
206
V(m/s)
B
V(m/s)
V
V
VA
VB
l1
l2
VB
VA
l(m)
l3
t1 '
t2 '
t(s)
t3 '
10-3
l 1 m
l 2 m
l 3 m
t 1 l 1 s
t 2 l 2 s
t 3 l 3 s
lt
=0
ABV A V B
l
V
2=
=
2
2
t1 '+ t 2 '+ t 3 ' l
V
VA
V
VB
+
1
+
1
V
2a
V
2b
V
t AB
1 = 1 V A
V
2 = 1 V B
V
2=
l
+ 1
V
l
V
V
+
2a
10-4
2
V
2b
10-3 10-4
l
V
l
V
+ 1
+
V
2a
10-5
2
V
+
2b
lm
V(m/s)
2
a(m/s )
2
b(m/s )
207
1 2
V A
1= 1
VA VB
10-7
V
V
V B
2= 1
V A Am/s
V B Bm/s
SV A V B =0
=1520sV A V B 0 =0
1 2
VA VB
V
V
1 2
1 = 1 VA 2 2 = 1 VB 2
V
10-7
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.25
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.04
500 /h =0.63
4
Nb
b min =3.50mb3.50m
b3.50m 3.50m
10-8
b
bm
3.50
3.25
3.00
2.75
10-8

1.00
0.94
0.85
0.77
,:
N =N 0 ( )
(veh/h)
N =N 0 ( )
(veh/h)
208
500veh/h
V/C()
V/C
HCM
HCM A F
A 90%
B
70%
C 50%
D 40-50%
E 1/3
F 1/3
10-9 HCM
HCM
km/h
km/h
10-9
64-56
56-48
56-40
64
52.8
43.2
km/h
56.0
48.0
40.0
44.8
38.4
30.4
35.2
28.8
20.8
27.2
22.4
14.4
20.8
16.0
11.2
20.8
16.0
11.2
209
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 10-9
:
HCM
10-10
km/h
5672
4856
210
km 1 3
64-72km/h
km 2-5 48-64km/h
5-8 40-56km/h
10-11
HCM
/km
10-11
12.5
6472km/h
2.55
4864km/h
57.5
4056km/h
10-9
20%
Km
kmkm/h
10-12
10-12
211
km/h
72
km
0.08
0.16
0.24
0.32
118.75
0.40
65
0.48
61.875
0.64
58.75
0.80
55
1.60
50
10-12
64
56
56
48
56
48
40
71.875
68.75
63.75
60
58.125
56.25
78.125
74.375
68.75
65.625
64.375
64.375
90.625
84.375
80
75
96.875
88.125
83.75
79.375
103.125
87.5
81.25
76.25
141.875
112.5
93.75
87.5
82.5
165.625
137.5
112.5
103.125
95.625
10-12
1.
64km/h 56km/h 48km/h
2. 1.6km,
km
3. 0.32km a)
b) 0.32km
4. 0.40km
= 1.3( )+
D=1.3d
10-5
D=s/veh
d=s/veh
d=
0.38c 1 g / c )
+ 173 X 2 ( X 1) +
1 (g / c ) X
2
( X 1)2 + 16 X / c
10-6
d(s/veh)
cs
g/c
X Q/C Q C
212
3600
km +
10-7
km/h
km km km s
s3600
km/h
10-9
10-1
0.48km
62.5km/h
10-13 10-14
10-13
s
C
PF
1
70
0.60
0.583
1800
0.53
2
70
0.60
0.611
1800
0.53
3
70
0.60
0.611
1800
0.53
4
70
0.60
0.611
1800
0.53
5
70
0.60
0.597
1800
0.53
6
70
0.60
0.583
1800
0.53
7
70
0.60
0.583
1800
0.53
Q/C
g/c
Q/C
X
213
10-14
km
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.32
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.64
0.64

km/h
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5

s
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10-11
3.36km 7 =2.1
/km
10-10
1 0.32km 10-12
64km/h km 71.875s 56km/h km 78.125s
62.5km/h 73.125s
0.32km 73.1250.32=23.4s 10-16
10-15
10-15 10-16
10-15
C(s)
g/c
Q/C X
1
70
0.60
0.583
2
70
0.60
0.611
3
70
0.60
0.611
4
70
0.60
0.611
5
70
0.60
0.597
6
70
0.60
0.583
7
70
0.60
0.583
=1.3
s
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.0
6.9
6.9
PF
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
3.66
3.80
3.80
3.80
3.76
3.66
3.66
4.76
4.94
4.94
4.94
4.85
4.76
4.76
4 5
= 3600 = 3600 3.36 = 47.8 km/h
253.1
214
10-16
km
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.32
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.64
0.64
km/h
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23.4
23.4
31.1
31.1
31.1
39.5
39.5
4.76
4.94
4.94
4.94
4.85
4.76
4.76
km/h
28.2
28.3
36.0
36.0
35.9
44.3
44.3
0.32
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.64
0.64
40.8
40.6
48
48
48.2
52
52
C
C
B
B
B
B
B
10-9
10-16
10
215
C =3600/T
(10-8)
C veh/h
Ts
T=t 1 +t 2 +t 3 +t 4
t 1 s t1 =
10-9
2l
,l
b
mb
2
b=1.5m/s
t 2 3-4s;
t 3 s t3 =
kt0
K
nd
K=0.25-0.35t 0
s 2sn d
t 4 t4 =
2l
a
a
a=1.0m/s l
10-8
C=
3600
3600
=
kt0
T
2.57 l +
+4
nd
(10-10)
10-10
C
C =min[C ]
10-11
0.8
10-2 BK661 17m
195 3
C= C =
3600
= 53 veh/h
0.4 2 195
2.67 17 +
+4
3
530.8=42veh/h
=53195=10335 /h
=42195=8190 /h
216
1.
2.
3
4.
1h
3
3
10-17
10-26
2.5m
m
15.5
17.0
18.0
135
165
180
1h
1 min *
2 min
3 min
4 min
8100
4050
2700
2025
9900
4950
3300
2475
10800
5400
3600
2700
217
10-17
8 /m
2.8m 19.0m
4
6
8
956
1450
1944
1h
1.5 min
2 min
2.5 min
38240
28680
22944
58000
43500
34800
77760
58320
46656
10-18
3 min
19120
29000
38880
6 /m 2
3.0m 22.0m
4
6
8
1222
1850
2478
1.5 min
48880
74000
99120
1h
2 min
2.5 min
36660
29328
55500
44400
74340
59472
10-19
3 min
24440
37000
49560
6 /m 2
2.65m 19.4m
2
4
6
380
760
1140
1.5 min
15200
30400
45600
1h
2 min
2.5 min
11400
9120
22800
18240
34200
27360
10-20
3 min
7600
15200
22800
486
1024
1562
1.5 min
19440
40960
62480
1h
2 min
2.5 min
14580
11664
30720
24576
46860
37488
662
1008
1354
1.5 min
26480
40320
54160
1h
2 min
2.5 min
19860
15888
30240
24192
40620
32496
334
694
1054
3 min
6680
13880
21080
1h
4 min
5 min
5010
4008
10410
8328
15810
12648
10-22
3 min
13240
20160
27080
6 min
3340
6940
10540
290
610
930
3 min
5800
12200
18600
1h
4 min
5 min
4350
3480
9150
7320
13950
11168
218
6 min
2900
6100
9300
6 /m 2
10-23
6 /m 2
[ 2.98m 13.7m13.0m]
2
4
6
6 /m 2
[ 2.98m 14.8m 13.9m]
2
4
6
10-21
3 min
9720
20480
31240
2.60m 28.8m
2
3
4
6 /m
2.60m 21.3m
2
4
6
10-24
6 /m 2
[ 2.66m 16.8m 16.5m]
2
4
6
286
600
914
3 min
5720
12000
18280
1h
4 min
5 min
4290
3432
9000
7200
13710
10968
6 min
2860
6000
9140
[ 2.51m 13.3m 13.0m]
2
4
6
206
436
666
3 min
4120
8720
13320
1h
4 min
5 min
3090
2472
6540
5232
9990
7992
6 min
2060
4360
6660
10-25
6 /m 2
10-26
6 /m 2
10800 /h
60 /h min
8000 /h
2min 30 /h 2.9 5.83

/h 3.7 7.43 /h
40000 /h
30 1.1 4.7 /h
8000 /h
40000 /h
10s
3min
550021000 /h
2 /h 5000 /h
45 /h 80s
30 /h 32 /h
5000 /h
1.
2.
3.
219
0.48km
62.5km/h 10-27
10-28
, 10-29
10-27
s
C
PF
1
70
0.60
0.417
1800
1.35
2
70
0.60
0.417
1800
1.35
3
70
0.60
0.417
1800
1.35
4
70
0.60
0.361
1800
1.35
5
70
0.60
0.361
1800
1.35
6
70
0.60
0.306
1800
1.35
7
70
0.60
0.306
1800
1.35
Q/C
g/c
Q/C
X
10-28
km
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.32
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.64
0.64
km/h
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
s
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10-29
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
km
0.32
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.64
0.64
km/h
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
s
23.4
23.4
31.1
31.1
31.1
39.5
39.5
s
s
10.1
10.1
10.1
9.6
9.6
9.1
9.1
220
33.5
33.5
41.2
40.7
40.7
48.6
48.6
0.32
0.32
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.64
0.64
km/h
34.4
34.4
41.9
42.4
42.4
47.4
47.4
D
D
C
C
C
B
B
40% 50% 60%
1
221
80~150 120
m

m/sm/minkm/h
0.8~1.8m/s 0.7~1.7m/s

24h
24h
24h 12h7:00-19:00
1~2h 0.5h
1h
2-3h
11-1
222
25
20
19.4
15.9
15
10.6
12.8
10
5
2
11-1
10
12
14
16
18
20
2

V p
/hm
/minm/sm
D p
/m2 Am 2 /
A=1/D p
11-1
S p
m/min m/s

v p =S p D p =V p /A
11-2
V p =a b/A
11-3
AB
a=81~96b=27~32
11-111-211-3
Vp =
Sp =
a
b
aA b
2 =
A
A
A2
a 2 4b
2
11-4
11-5
1
223

m/skm/hm/min

15min min

/ hm/ minm/ sm

/m 2
m 2 /

11-2
m /min
5.0
100
80
60
40
20
10
11-2
20
30
/m2)
40
224
=
V=SD
(11-6)
2
V/minmSm/minD/m
=/
V=S/M
(11-7)
/minm
11-3
12 0
10 0
80
60
40
20
1. 0
2 .0
4. 0
5.0
3 .0
m 2 /
6 .0
7. 0
8. 0
11-3
11-3
0.45~0.81m 2 /
0.45m2 /
0.18~0.36m 2 /
0.45~0.81m 2

11-4
225
m / min
150
120
90
60
30
20
11-4
40
60
80 100 120 140 160
( / m in m )

11-5
m/min
150
120
90
60
30
20
40
11-5
60
80 100 120 140 160
m 2 /
1.35m2 /
3.6m 2 /
32m/min 1.35~3.6m 2 /
3
95%
57.9cm 33cm
11-1
226
m/
m 2
23.05/0.28
45.7/0.66
11-1
53.3/0.93
60.9/1.21
0.67m
0.61m 0.64m
0.48~0.60m

0.37~0.46m 2
0.74~0.84m2
h
1m / hm min 1m / sm
15min
2
227

0.55~1.7m/s 0.9~1.2m/s
1.0m/s

0.9~1.4m/s 1~1.2m/s

0.54~0.94m/s
0.54~0.90m/s
0.52~0.80m/s
4

N bw =
3600 V p
S p bp
(11-8)
N bw 1m/hm
V p 1m/s
S p 1m
b p 0.75m
(11-8)
N bw = 4800 /hm

N bc =
3600V pc
s p bp
t gh
(11-9)
N bc /t gh m
V pc 1~1.2m/s
t gh h
(11-9)
Nbc = 4800~ 5700 /t gh m
5300 /t gh m

N bg =
3600 V bg
sp bp
(11-10)
N bg
V bg 0.54~0.94m/s
(11-10)
228
Nbg = 2000~3800 /hm

3120 /hm

N bs =
3600 V ps
s p bt
(11-11)
N bs /
hm
V ps 0.5~0.8m/s
b t
0.9m
(11-11)
Nbs = 2000~3200 /hm
2600 /hm
5
0.5~0.7
0.7 0.5
=
6
0.75

0.8

0.85

0.90
11-2
229
0.75
0.80
0.85
11-2
0.90
1800
1900
2000
2100
/hm
2000
2100
2300
2400
/t gh m
(1400)
(1540)
(1640)
/hm
1800
1900
2000
1400
/hm
1 0.9m 0.75m
2
230

A
A 3.7 1971 1985
11-3
11-3
m 2 /
m/s
/hm
>3.0
1.0
3.0
1.2
1400
2~3
0.9
2.4
1.1
1830
1.2~2
0.8
1.8
1.0
2500
0.5~1
.2
0.7
1.4
0.8
2940
<0.5
0.6
1.0
0.6
3600
C=
3600 V
V b l
bl
95%
231
20
/h 32.18km/h 7% 30 /h 48km/h
3% 15 /h 24 km/h
7.0km/h
30km/h 30km/h
10km/h
16.28km/h 14.21km/h
4.06km/h 3.57km/h
5~40km/h
5~25km/h
2
1.9m 0.6m 2.5m

2
4-10m
0.63 /m 2 11-4
11-4
2
km/h
10
12
15
20
m
5.2
6.2
10.3
12.1
712
3
7%-8%
12% 25%
5% 1% 2%
2.5%
232
1% 10-15km/h 2%
7-12km/h 3% 5km/h
4
L=
2
2
vt
v
vt
+
+ l + l 0 =
+ v + l + l 0
3 .6
254 ( i )
3 .6
(11-12)
L
v 10~20km/h
t s 0.5~1.0s 0.7s vt/3.6=0.194v
0.3~0.6 0.5
i 0
l 1.9m
l 0 0~1m
=
1
=0.0079
254 ( i )
N =
1000 v
l 0 + 1 .9 + 0 .194 v + 0 .0079 v
x=1000 v y=l 0 +1.9+0.194 v +0.0079 v 2

11-13 v
233
1000 v
L
(11-13)
y(
dN
dv
dx
dv
) x(
y
dy
dv
1000 y x ( 0 . 194 + 0 . 0158 v )

y2
dN/d v =0 v
1000y x(0.194+0.0158 v )=l0+1.9+0.194 v +0.0079 v 2 =0
1
2 .4
(
)2
l 0 =0.5 v = 0 . 0079
=17.43km/h
N=2119 /h
1
2 .9
)2
l 0 =1.0 v = 0 . 0079
=19.16km/h
(
N=2012 /h
1
1 .9
(
)2
l 0 =0 v = 0 . 0079
=15.15km/h
N=2280 /h
11-5
vkm/h
vt
3 .6
11-5
=
1
254 0.5
N=
L=l 0 +1.9+0.194+0.0079 v 2
1000v
L
l 0 =0
l 0 =0.5
l 0 =1
l 0 =0
l 0 =0.5
l 0 =1
0.97
0.0079
0.20
3.07
3.57
4.07
1629
1400
1229
10
1.94
0.0079
0.79
4.63
5.13
5.63
2160
1949
1776
15
2.91
0.0079
1.78
6.59
7.09
7.59
2276
2116
1976
20
3.88
0.0079
3.16
8.94
9.44
9.94
2237
2119
2012
25
4.85
0.0079
4.93
11.68
12.18
12.68
2140
2052
1972
30
5.82
0.0079
7.11
14.83
15.33
15.83
2023
1957
1895
i=0
t=0.7
=0.5
l =1.9
t i
N=3600/t i
(11-14)
t i s
t i 1.24s 1.2s
2.41s 2.37s, 1.8st i
11-14N=1500~3000 /h 2000 /h
234
2.2~2.5m
0.2~0.5m
0.54 /m 2
2
N max =
N t'
3600
'
B 0 .5
t
11-15
N max /h
B
t ' s
N t' t
1m
0.25m B-0.5m

N =
Nt
3600
B 0 .5
t
11-16
N m 1h 1h
/h
B
t
N t t

N =
N C 1
(11-17)
N 5km m
(/h)
C 1
C 1 0.8
235
C 1 0.9
2
N t 11-6
N t 0.51 /sm N t
0.58 /sm
N t
(m)
km/h
5s
9.85
17.91
9.39
14.50
10.52
3.9
12433
14.23
5.5
8678
16.28
3.3
1551
14.28
6.5
3096
13.44
3.2
2975
12.05
12433
14.23
16300
14.01
1 N =0.513600=1836 /hm 1800 /hm
2 N =0.583600=2088 /hm 2100 /hm
3B-0.5mB
11-6
[ /
s m ]
0.51
0.65
0.57
0.45
0.66
0.51
0.58
C 2 0.55
N = C1 C 2 N = C1 C 2
3600
Nt
B 0 .5
t
11-18
C 1 C 2
800 /hm
N =0.80.550.513600=808
900 /hm
N =0.90.550.513600=908
900 /hm
N =0.80.550.583600=919
1000 /hm
N =0.90.550.583600=1034

5sQ 1
Q 2 20s Q 3
5s 11-7
236
m
8.00
3.75
6.50
5.00
6.00
4.50
3.20
3.80
Q 1 [ /(5sm)]
2.214
2.006
2.282
1.907
2.990
2.332
2.264
2.796
2.336
11-7
Q 2 [ /(5sm)]
3.285
3.210
2.880
2.780
3.360
2.803
3.037
3.138
3.066
Q 3 [ /(5sm)]
3.630
3.400
3.150
3.270
3.730
3.330
3.800
3.320
0.459
Q 1 20s
5sQ 3
20s
117 8
Q 2 2.8~3.3 3.066 /(5s m)
3.066 3600
=2208 /hm 2200 /hm
5
60s 30s
2200 30/60=1100 / hm 25/60 2200 25/60=917 / hm

11-8
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
/h
1700~2530
2000~5000
3500~5000
850~1000
500~2000
1700~5000
4000~10000
11-8
237
(11-19)
X=N/C
N/h
C/h
X
0.5 1.0 0.5

1.0
Y
v
v max
Y=v / v max
(11-20)
v km/h
v max km/h
0.3~0.8
0.2~0.6
q
q q max
q =q /q max
(11-21)
2
q /m
q max /m 2
0 1
11-9
238
km/h
m 2 /
11-9
>25
25~20
20~15
15~10
10~5
>9.0
9~7
7~5
5~3
<3
<0.4
0.4~0.55
0.55~0.7
0.7~0.85
>0.85

11-10
11-10
km/h
m 2 /
>16
16~13
13~9
9~6
6~4
<30
30~40
40~60
60~90
>90
<0.5
0.5~0.7
0.7~0.8
0.8~0.9
0.9~1.0
<20
20~30
30~40
40~50
>50
8~6
6~4
4~2
>2
239
11-11
1000 /d
1000 /d
2200 /d
2
3000 /d
11-11
1 500 /d
2 170 /d 400 /d 6m
1 300 /d
2 500 /d 300 /d
1 700 /d
2 400~700 50
3 500
1 800 /d
2 300 /d 500 /d
1 2000 200
2 100
1 17~18km 500~700 50km
2 2000 700
1 500 /d
2 1000 /d 85% 65km
5%
1
2
3?
4
240
5
6?
7?
241
1P2Veh/h veh/h
2P192-1K C
3P26 K HTF2-7
4P27 K HTF
5P29 2-1 K HTF
6P30 2-2 veh/d
veh/dpcu/d
7P30 2-2 K
HTF DDHV=AADT K D
DDHV=AADTHTFD
8P36
PHF=/4 15min PHF=
/4 15min
9P393-7cc0CC0
10P40cc0CC0
11P40
c0veh/hC0
12P41 3-7 veh/km/lnpcu/km/ln

veh/h/lnpcu/h/ln
13P42
DDHVveh/h/
DDHVveh/h/ln
14P42K HTF
15P43cc0CC0 (v / c) i (V / C ) i
16P43 3-1 veh/h/lnveh/hpcu/h/lnpcu/h
1
cc0CC0 (v / c) i (V / C ) i
17 P 45 25000~55000veh (pcu/d)
25000~55000pcu/d
18P484-63-94-14
K HTF
19P504-74-8 K C
20P464-3Sp=Sp
21P544-16
K HTF
22P55
Q v K Q
v K
23P58 4-64-74-114-13 R2 R2
24P59 4-10
4-10
25P68 k HTF
26P785-3 v RF veh/h pcu/h
27P78/hpcu/h
28P82 2 veh/h pcu/h
29P916-3h pcu/h
30P98V1=136+0.345Vf0.115VrV1=136+0.345Vf0.115Vr
31P99P102VfVf
32P103600 /h 600veh/h
33P114 7-2
34P121 7-5 veh/h pcu/h

/h
pcu/h
35P124 d D
36P125{
2
DHV
30 DHV
DHV = AADT * K * D
7-26
K 30 AADT
D}
{
DDHV
30 DDHV
DDHV = AADT * HTF * D
7-26
HTF 30 AADT
D}
37P125TGjTGj
38P126 7.1 veh pcud D
39P127
40P130/hveh/h
41P140 P141cnCn
42P144 8-6 veh/h pcu/h
43P144P146 c C
44P148 P149cnCn
45P157QMQM
46P1608-65 Q C
47P160cece1CeCe1
3
48P161
vn(pcu/s)
qn(pcu/s)
49P1628-72cvqncnCnvnqn
50P1638-74cnCnvnqn
51NN0CC0
52P22311-2vp=SpDp=Vp/AVp=SpDp=Sp/A
53P223AB ab
54P228P229 N C
55 N C
56NCP235P236 C1C2f1f2
1995
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( 209 )1991
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1987
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1998
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2001
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1990
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(JTJ00197)1998
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1994
242

道路通行能力分析

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道路通行能力分析

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21

1. 1-2 1-3 1-4

1-6 1-7 1-8

1994 HCM HCM2000

Transportation Research Board

Highway Capacity Manual HCM

FV=FV O +FV CW +FV TER +FV FRIC +FV REDEV

FVCAR = a + FCW CW + FTER TERRAIN + FSW + FRIC FRIC

FCW FTER F SW F FRIC

MSVi i pcu/h 2-14

C0 pcu/h 2500 pcu/h

C= C 0 f CW f DIR f FRIC f HV =2500 0.8 1.00 1.00 0.65 0.6= 780pcu/d

PHF 0.90 K 0.12

32% 26% 41% 1%

3-2 5min 1182veh/h 15min 1016veh/h

FRIC = A EEV + B PSV + C PED + D SMV

FVPC = a + b RAC + c TRAF + d SW + e LU + f CW

FV = a + ( A EEV + B PSV + C PED + D SMV )

85.6km/h, 76.6km/h, 10%

c = 2000 0.8 = 1600

f w = 0.96, f HV = 0.95, f e = 0.90

2 4-4 4-5 fHVfSWfCW

N = DDHV / SFL PHF

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

800 1000 1200

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Greenshields Underwood Drew

[ (vio v o )(vip v p )]2

2150 /h/ 58km/h

2000 pcu/h/ln 200~300 pcu/h

f w =1.00,f p =1.0,E HV =1.7

=1.21 4 0.191 0.571 300 0.234 /69.4 0.438

5-3AN w(max) =1.4N w N w(max)

5-3N w(max) =3.5N w N wmax0 S w S nw

5-6 S w =65.1km/hS nw =64.7km/h

5-3N w(max) =3.5 N w N w(max) S w S nw

2AC =975veh/hAD =650 veh/h

Lveh (m) 5m()

B 450m C 750veh/h 6-15(a)

(a) Vff HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.5(1.5-1)]=0.8

(b) Vrf HV 6-10 f HV 0.74

6-2 6-19 120km/h

(a) Vfof HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.5(1.5-1)]=0.80

(a) Vfif HV =1/[1+ PHV(EHV-1)]=1/[1+0.51(1.5-1)]=0.80

a f 8-5 0.05 a f =0.4

TT1 = Lin / Vin + Lout / Vout

TT2 = Lin / V 'in + Lout / V ' out

V ' in V ' out

d geom = d dec + d neg + d acc

tc + (n 1)t f < t < t c + nt f

c c ,10 = ( p z ,8 p 0,9 ) c n ,10

Q A = N A 3600 / T = 3600N A /(TA + TB )

=1-/c x=y/ y=q/Q S

C = C 0 Fi = C 0 FEQ FLA FLT FRT FFR

x 0.75 d = 0.36 exp(4.28 x )

x 0.75 d = 0.36 exp(4.28 x ) FD FD

(2) 8-9 4-25m

t c <h<t c +t f t c +(k-1)t f <h<t c +t f k

p(t t m ) + p(t > t m ) = 1

FLT = 1.14 0.92PLT

FRT = 0.76 + 1.6 PRT

FSF FLT FRT FM

Dmin Adams (s)

N = 4 N = 4 3600 / 2.5 = 5760(veh/h)