Conservation Project

Taehun Kim

Conservation Project: Conservation project is a process of

protecting and preserving after wild animals and natural resources.
Increasing and maintaining biodiversity, aka wide range of
different species living in an area, is attempted during the
conservation project.
Conservation of Species and Habitats
>>Currently, numerous numbers of animals are endangered due to
indiscreet hunting, habitat destruction due deforestation, pollution and
climate change. They need to be conserved because each living
organisms have ethical value in themselves. Each species have its
role in its ecosystem. If one is removed from the ecosystem, the
whole ecosystem might encounter destruction. Also, their unique
genetic information is very essential for human as well and lost
when species disappear.
The management of Fish stock can conserve certain species of fish.
It is an artificial aquatic fish farm, which raises endangered fish species and
provides optimum and safe conditions for fish. Overfishing is banned in order
to protect edible fishes from extinction.
The Wild life sanctuaries and National parks protect wild animals decreasing
in population from hunters, destruction of habitat and pollution. Animals such
as lions and pandas are conserved by humans.
Conservation of Natural Resources
>> Natural resources in instance, fossil fuels, gas and trees
should be conserved, as they will soon run out. They should be

therefore replaced with green forms of energy e.g. solar energy

and wind power.
As I mentioned above, significant amount of natural resources
are being used up at all times, so soon they will eventually
run out. Thus, we should try to reduce our use of these limited
resources. Not only wherefore of extinction of natural resources,
natural resources should be reduced due to green house gases and
acid rain produced while they are combusting.
Timber production should be able to be sustainable to conserve
trees and forests. Woods are cut down by logging companies with
the purpose of construction of building, making furniture and
papers. If people keep cut down the trees with indiscretion onwards,
it will result deforestation around the forest. Hence, to prevent or
reduce the damage on forest, wood management system
coppicing has developed.

Coppicing is a process of cutting trees just above the ground level,

so then left to regrow. This can be done repeatedly every 10 or
15years. As leaving different size of coppiced trees, it will provide
different habitats that suit various kinds of species and also,
biodiversity may be even higher.
Conservation of Water
Water should be conserved because it is our indispensable and scare resource
to preserve human life. Also, by ensuring availability of water we can provide a
better condition for our future generations.
There are two methods to conserve water

1. Trickling filters

1) Grit and stone removal: Grit and stones are stopped by a screen
2) Primary settlement tank: Solid wastes sink and are sent to the
anaerobic digester
3) Aeration tank: Aerobic microorganisms grow and feed on the organic
matter
4) Secondary settlement tank: Microorganisms sink. The sludge at the
bottom is called activated sludge and is returned to the aeration tank.
5) Anaerobic digester: There is no air here so all bacteria needing air is
killed. Anaerobic bacteria feed on the organic matter. Methane gas is
produced. It can be used as a fuel. The remaining sludge can be used as a
fertilizer.
2. Activated sludge
Liquid from the settlement tanks runs into a tank called an aeration tank. This
method contains microorganisms as the trickling filter does. Those
microorganisms are mostly protoctists. In terms of modern biological
classifications, it is a unicellular or simple multicellular organisms belong to the
kingdom Protoctists, which includes protozoans, algae, and slime moulds.
Through the process, the microorganisms make the sewage less harmful and
oxygen is provided for them by bubbling air through the tank. This process is

called activated sludge because the term activated stands for presence of
microorganisms.
There are More Methods of Purification of Water
Numerous methods are used to purify water. The methods can be
divided into three types, which are physical, biological and
chemical methods.
Physical methods are Filtration, Sedimentation and
Distillation.
Biological methods are Slow sand
filters and biologically active
carbon.
Chemical methods are Flocculation, and
Chlorination.
Different kinds of purification can
reduce the concentration of
particulate matter including
suspended particles, parasites,
bacteria, algae, viruses and fungi.
Water that is purified comes from lakes, rivers, aquifers and
reservoirs.
An aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock, sediment, or
soil that yields water. They can range from a few square kilometers
to thousands of square kilometers in size.

Filtration: Impurities in the water such as suspended particles, parasites, algae

and sediments are removed by the filtration.
As you can see in the figure, those rocks, sand and filter, which filter impurities,
are called as filter bed. As water trickles through the filter beds, impurities are
filtered in regular sequence followed by its size.

Sedimentation: In this process,

impurities settle down to the bottom
due to gravity. Large particles settle
more rapidly than small particles. It
takes long time to settle all of the
sediments. Thus, very large
sedimentation basin is required.
Distillation: Process of distillation is
very simple.
A- Heat unpurified water
B- Heat until boiling point to vaporize it
C- While other impurities remain in
solid state, in boiler. Steam is then
directed into a cooler
D- Purified water cools down and
condensate
E- It results a clean water

Slow sand filters: This method

is used usually when there is sufficient land
and space, as the water must be passed
very slowly through the filters. Filters are
built carefully using graded layers of sand.

Active carbon (Activated carbon): Water

is purifies while it passes activated carbon.
Activated carbon is usually used to purify
other chemical substances rather than to purify water.

Flocculation: Solid particles (Impurities) are separated from a liquid to form

loose aggregations or soft flakes. These flocculates are easily disrupted, being
held together only by a force analogous to the surface tension of a liquid.

Chlorination: Process of water disinfected by the chlorine. It is usually used

purify pathogenic water. Thus, microorganisms that cause such illnesses as
typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and gastroenteritis can be prevented.

Conservation of Other material

Paper
Paper should be recycled and reused because their base material is a tree. As
trees produce healthy oxygen and prevent air pollution, they need to be
protected. Hence, to protect the tress, we have to reduce the number of trees
cut down. Trees can be protected by recycling it into reusable paper.
Plastic
As plastics are non-biodegradable
materials, they do not remain as
unsightly rubbish when discarded
Recycling plastics reduce the pollution
and also help to conserve fossil fuels,
which many plastics are made.

Metal
Metals can be conserved and recycled simply by separating it from impurities
and melting it.

Glass
Due to the fact that glasses are made from soil, by throwing them into the
furnace, they could be easily recycled to the new glass goods.