FORM 1 CHAPTER 2

NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Karmen Thum B. App. Sc

(Maths & Econs) USM

1. A sequence in a list numbers having a certain pattern.

Odd Numbers And Even Numbers

1. Even numbers are numbers that can be divided by 2 exactly.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ....
2. Odd numbers are numbers that cannot be divided by 2 exactly.
1, 3, 5, 7, 9,...
Evercise: Determine whether the answer for each of the following is an odd or even number.
(a) 5 + 7
(b) 7 4
(c) 8 x 8

Prime Numbers
1. A prime number is a whole number that can only be divided by itself and 1.
2. The first prime number is 2.
3. All prime numbers are odd numbers, except 2.

Exercise: List all the prime numbers between 30 and 60.

Write down all the odd numbers between 30 and 60 and then cross out all the numbers divisible by 3, 5, 7.
31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59
Prime numbers between 30 and 60 are 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53 and 59.
Exercise: Find the sum of all the prime numbers which are less than 10.
MULTIPLES
(a) First five multiples of 9
= 9 x 1, 9 x 2, 9 x 3, 9 x 4, 9 x 5
= 9, 18, 27, 36, 45,...
If 15, 20, and 25 are all divisible by 5. Therefore, 15, 20 and 25 are all multiples of 5.

[Ans: 17]

FORM 1 CHAPTER 2
NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Karmen Thum B. App. Sc

(Maths & Econs) USM

Exercise: Determine whether 592 is a multiple of

(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4

Common Multiples
Find the first three common multiples of 2 and 3.
(a) Multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, ...
Multiples of 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, ....
the first three common multiples of 2 and 3 are 6, 12 and 18.
Determine whether 60 is a common multiple of 3 and 4.
60 3 = 20;
60 4 = 15
60 is divisible by 3 and 4.
60 is a common multiple of 3 and 4.
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
1. The LCM of two or more numbers is the smallest common multiple of these numbers.
2. The LCM can be found by the following methods.
Method 1: List the multiples of the given set of numbers.
Method 2: Divide the given numbers by their common factors until the quotients have more common factor.
Find the LCM of 9 and 12.
Method 1 (Listing method):
Multiples of 9 = 9, 18, 27, 36, ...
Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, ...
Therefore, LCM of 9 and 12 is 36.
Method 2: ( by using the algorithm )

Factors
1. A factor of a given number is the number that can divide exactly the given number.
9 is divisible by 1, 3 and 9. 1, 3 and 9 are factors of 9.
Prime Factors
The prime factor of a number is the prime number that is also a factor of that number.
Factor of 6 = 1, 2, 3, and 6
Among the factors, 2 and 3 are prime numbers.
Therefore, 2 and 3 are the prime factors of 6.
Common Factors
Factors of 10 = 1, 2, 5, 10
Factor of 15 = 1, 3, 5, 15
1 and 5 are the common factors of 10 and 15.
Factors of 42 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
Factors of 48 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
Therefore, the common factors of 42 and 48 are 1, 2, 3, and 6.
Find the product of all the common factors of 8, 12 and 16.
Factors of 8 = 1, 2, 4, 8
Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

FORM 1 CHAPTER 2
NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Karmen Thum B. App. Sc

(Maths & Econs) USM

Factors of 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Therefore, the product of all the common factors of 8, 12 and 16 = 1 x 2 x 4 = 8
Highest Common Factor (HFC)
1. The highest common factor is the largest number which is a factor of two or more numbers.
The common factors of 24 and 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
the highest common factor ( HCF ) of 24 and 36 is 12.
2. There are two methods of finding the HCF
Method 1 : List all the factors of each number and then pick out the largest common factor.
Method 2 : Divide the given numbers by their common factors and then find their product.

Find the HCF of 18 and 45.

(a) Method 1 :
Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
Factors of 45 = 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
The common factors of 18 and 45 are 1,3 and 9.
the HCF of 18 and 45 is 9.
Method 2 :

Therefore, the HCF of 18 and 45 = 3 x 3 = 9

FORM 1 CHAPTER 2
NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Exercise:
Find the missing number in the sequence 4 , 7, 13 , 22 , ___ , 49
Write the first five multiple of 8
List all the Prime Numbers between 4o and 60.
Find the common multiple of 6 and 8 which are less than 80.
Find the LCM of 4, 6 and 18.
Find all the prime factor of 32.
Find the HCF of 18, 36 and 54.
Find the sum of all the prime factors of 196.
Find the product of the common factor of 18 and 30.
Given that (k 4) is the LCM of 18, find the value of k.

Karmen Thum B. App. Sc

(Maths & Econs) USM