SOLO: Mactaaaannnn !!!!

ALL: 15-21 !!! *tug* *tug*

ALL: A messenger/ from the Spaniards came
That day/ fifteen twenty one;
He came in Magellans name
To the island of Mactan.
GROUP M: To Lapulapu who was the chief
That on Mactan did reign *tug*
He said,
Messenger: I ask in our leaders name
A tribute for the king of Spain.
Lapu-lapu: A tribute for a foreign king?
GROUP L: He heard proud Lapu-lapu say.
Lapu-lapu: Tell your leader that not a thing
Will the chief of this island pay.
GROUP L: We/ and our fathers/
and their fathers before/
Have on this island lived:
We OWE no tribute to any king,
And no TRIbute shall we give.
Messenger: If you do not give what we ask,
GROUP M: Was the messenger s reply,
Messenger: The Spaniards will come
with guns and swords
And you and your men shall die.
GROUP L: Lapulapu said
Lapu-lapu: If they have guns,
GROUP L: So have we! our weapons too!
If the Spaniards to our island come,
They shall see what BAMboo spears can do.
*tug*
GROUP L: The Spanish swords are made of steel
And their armor/ strong and bright.
Against all weapons we shall WIN!!
While we are in the right.
GROUP L: Lapulapus eyes flashed as he repeated,
And his voice did proudly ring:
Lapu-lapu: We are freemen and will pay
No tribute to a foreign king.
GROUP M: When Magellan heard Lapulapus words/
He said/ with all disdain,
Magellan: How dare this little chief affront
His Majesty of Spain?
GROUP M: Our guns and swords/ this mans
False pride will break
If he will not tribute give!,
Then tribute we will take.
Magellan: Well show this chief that our word
We can follow with our deed.
Prepare there three ships and sixty men,
And I myself will lead.
ALL: For the island of Mactan
The Spaniards did set sail,
Their guns and swords in brightly display
To make the enemy quail.
ALL: Their ships and armor were a glittering show

Of military might;
Never had the peaceful Mactan waters,
Mirror such a warlike sight.
ALL: And when their anchor dropped off
the palm-fringed Mactan shore,
Magellan: Ill teach this chief a lesson,
GROUP M: The Spanish leader swore.
ALL: He led his soldiers to the beach
In full battle array.
Magellan: My men, for our king,
GROUP M: Magellan said,
Magellan: Let us make this a proud day.
GROUP M: We have or guns and armor;
Our enemy has none.
Our swords against those bamboo spears
The fights as good as WON.
GROUP L: But Lapulapu stood proudly
As the Spanish troops drew near.
Lapu-lapu: No shining Spanish armor
Will save them from my spear.
Lapu-lapu: Aim true!
GROUP L: he told his men,
Lapu-lapu: When your spears you fling,
Remember that freemen do not bow
To any foreign king.
GROUP L: Steel sword against bamboo spear
It seemed an uneven fight,
And the Spanish armor
Increased each Spaniards might.
GROUP L: But Lapulapu and his brave men
Into the battle led.
And soon the blue-green Mactan waters
With Spanish blood grew red.
Magellan: Fight on my men.
GROUP M: Magellan cried,
Magellan: For His Gracious Majesty.
Lapu-lapu: Fight on, men of Mactan,
GROUP L: Lapulapu said,
Lapu-lapu: Fight for our liberty.
ALL: The cause of liberty lent more strenght
Than Spanish steel and lead;
And soon Magellan lay dying,
And his soldiers all had fled
ALL: And Mactan! is an island
That lives in history,
Where one brave man died for a king
And where another lived for liberty.
Cordillera Administrative Region (Ilocano:
Rehion/Deppaar Administratibo ti Cordillera; Filipino:
Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera),
designated as CAR, is an administrative region in
the Philippines situated within the island of Luzon.
The only landlocked region in the country, it is
bordered by the Ilocos Region in the west and

southwest, and by the Cagayan Valley on the north,

east, and southeast.
The region comprises six provinces: Abra, Apayao,
Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province.
The regional center is the highly urbanized city of
Baguio.
The region, officially created on July 15, 1987,[2]
covers most of the Cordillera Central mountains of
Luzon, and is home to numerous ethnic people
collectively known as the Igorot.
During the Spanish occupation of the Philippines,
Christianization and eventual subjugation of the
mountain region proved difficult for the Spanish
colonial government.[3] Several comandancias were
established by the Spanish colonial government in
strategic areas of the mountain region. Among them
were Amburayan, Cabugaoan, Kayapa, Quiangan,
Itaves, Apayaos, Lepanto, Benguet, Bontoc, Banaue,
and Tiagan.[4][5][6]
On August 18, 1908 during the American regime,
Mountain Province was established by the Philippine
Commission with the enactment of Act No. 1876.
Ifugao, which was part of Nueva Vizcaya province,
[7] and the former Spanish comandancias of
Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Kalinga and
Lepanto, were annexed to the newly created
province as sub-provinces.[8][9] Amburayan was
later abolished in 1920 and its corresponding
territories were transferred to the provinces of Ilocos
Sur and La Union. Lepanto was also reduced in size
and its towns were integrated into the sub-provinces
of Bontoc and Benguet, and to the province of Ilocos
Sur.[3][10][11]
On June 18, 1966, Republic Act No. 4695 was
enacted to split Mountain Province and create four
separate and independent provinces namely
Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, and Mountain
Province.[12][13] Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao were
placed under the jurisdiction of the Cagayan Valley
region,[14] with Benguet and Mountain Province
placed under the Ilocos Region.
Creation of the region[edit]
On July 15, 1987, President Corazon C. Aquino
issued Executive Order 220 which created the
Cordillera Administrative Region. The provinces of
Abra, Benguet and Mountain Province (of the Ilocos
Region), and Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao (of the
Cagayan Valley) were annexed as part of the newly
created region.[2][15]
Modern history[edit]
On February 14, 1995, Kalinga-Apayao, one of the
five provinces of the region was split into two
separate and independent provinces of Apayao and
Kalinga with the enactment of Republic Act No.
7878.[16][17]
Several attempts at legalizing autonomy in the
Cordillera region have failed in two separate
plebiscites.[18][19] An affirmative vote for the law
on regional autonomy is a precondition by the 1987
Philippine Constitution to give the region autonomy
in self-governance much like the Autonomous
Region of Muslim Mindanao in southern Philippines.
The first law Republic Act No. 6766, took effect on
October 23, 1989[20] but failed to muster a majority
vote in the plebiscite on January 30, 1990.[18][19]
The second law, Republic Act No. 8438 passed by
Congress of the Philippines on December 22, 1997,
[21] also failed to pass the approval of the Cordillera
peoples in a region-wide referendum on March 7,
1998.[18][19]

At present, a third organic act of the Cordillera is in

the offing supported by the Cordillera Regional
Development Council.
In September 2000, the municipal council of Itogon,
Benguet, withdrew support for the San Roque Dam
project. The project had met a lot of resistance,
because of the reported failure of its proponents to
update its Environmental Certificate of Compliance
(ECC) and to submit a watershed management plan
required for a project of that magnitude. The San
Roque Dam was to become one of the biggest dams
in the world and would threaten the living
environment of the Igorot.
The CPA, in co-operation with other organizations,
had highly resisted this project and thus booked a
little victory. However, in May 2001, president
Arroyo declared that the San Roque Dam project
would continue anyway because it had already
started and therefore was difficult to stop. At the
same time she promised to not sacrifice the
environment, to resettle the people who will lose
their houses, to compensate other people, and to
initiate no other large-scale irrigation projects in the
future. Time will prove whether she will keep that
promise.
In December 2000, the Supreme Court of the
Philippines dismissed a petition that questioned the
constitutional legality of the Indigenous Peoples
Rights Act (IPRA), and act which came into existence
in 1997 giving the peoples of the Cordillera decisive
influence over the establishment of foreign mining
companies. In this act, ownership over the lands
was regarded as communal, rather than individual
and thus coincided more with the view on ownership
of the Igorot. The IPRA was totally different in tone
than the 1995 Mining Code.
Without consulting the Cordillera people, this code
gave companies the freedom to devastate tribal
lands, allowed 100% foreign ownership, and gave
companies the right to displace and resettle people
within their concessionary areas. Some influential
people filed a lawsuit with the Supreme Court
against the IPRA, because it contradicted with the
Mining Code and would therefore be unlawful. The
fact that the Supreme Court had to dismiss the
petition, because the vote had been 7-7, could be
understood as another victory of the CPA.
Geography[edit]
Political map
Cordillera Administrative Region is the only
landlocked region in the Philippines, bounded on the
northeast and east by the Cagayan Valley, and on
the southwest and west by the Ilocos Region.
The region is primarily mountainous, situated within
the Cordillera Central mountain range. Mount Pulag,
the highest mountain in Luzon, is located at the tripoint of Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya
provinces.
Further information: Cordillera Central, Luzon
Within the region are several streams and rivers.
The most extensive is the Chico River, a major
tributary of the Cagayan River, traversing the
provinces of Mountain Province and Kalinga. Other
major rivers include Agno, Amburayan, Bued in
Benguet, Abulog in Kalinga, Abra River in Abra, Ahin
River in Ifugao, Apayao River in Apayao, and Siffu
River in both Ifugao and Mountain Province
Administrative divisions[edit]

Cordillera Administrative Region is politically

subdivided into 6 provinces. It has 2 cities; the
highly urbanized city of Baguio, and the component
city of Tabuk. There are 1,176 barangays in the
region.
Ethnic groups[edit]
Further information: Igorot people
A man from Tinglayan vested in traditional garb
holding a handcrafted weapon first produced during
the Second World War; traditional Kalinga cloth is
draped over Orthodox icons in the manner of
Russian nabozhnyks.
Cordillera is home to many ethnic tribes living on
the Cordillera mountain range. They are commonly
referred to as the Igorot.
Ethnic people of Abra[edit]
The Tingguians are composed of sub-groups known
as the Itneg tribes which includes Adasen, Balatok,
Banaw, Belwang, Binungan, Gubang, Inlaud,
Mabaka, Maeng, Masadiit, and Muyadan or
Ammutan.:[27] Their places in Abra are as follows:
Adasen Lagayan, San Juan and Tineg
Banaw Daguioman, Malibcong, also found in
Balbalan, Kalinga
Binungan Baay-Licuan and Lacub
Balatok in the villages of Amti, Kilong-olaw, &
Danak, all in Boliney
Belwang in the village of Dao-angan in Boliney
Gubang Malibcong
Inlaud Lagangilang and Pearrubia, in Lumaba
village of Villaviciosa, in the villages of Abang and
Patoc in Bucay, in Langiden, San Isidro, San Quintin,
Danglas (also found in some parts of Nueva Era)
Mabaka Lacub and Malibcong
Maeng Luba, Tubo and Villaviciosa, (also found in
San Emilio, Ilocos Sur, Banayoyo and other towns in
Ilocos Sur)
Masadiit Sallapadan, Bucloc and in the village of
Sapdaan in Manabo, and in barangays Poblacion,
Bawiyan, and Dumagas in Boliney
Ammutan a.k.a. Muyadan tribe in Manabo
Ethnic people of Apayao[edit]
Isnag tribe also known as Isneg comprising the
sub-groups known as the Ymandaya and Imallod
(Isnag refers to the people, while Isneg refers to the
dialect). Isnags are found not only in Apayao but
also in the eastern section of Ilocos Norte and
northwestern portion of Cagayan. Their places of
abode in Apayao are as follows:
Ymandaya (Isnag) Calanasan (Bayag)
Imallod (Isnag) Kabugao, Conner, Pudtol, and
some parts of Luna (Macatel)
Malaweg Conner
Ethnic people of Benguet[edit]
Ibaloi
Kankanaey
Kalanguya[28]
Ethnic People of Ifugao[edit]
Ifugao
Kalanguya[28]
Ethnic people of Kalinga[edit]
Kalingan
Banao
Ethnic people of Mountain Province[edit]
Bontoc Bontoc
Balangao Natonin
Baliwon Paracelis
Applai Bauko, Besao, Sabangan and Sagada
Man of the Ifugao tribe in traditional costume.

Languages[edit]
The Cordillera region is the most diversified ethnolinguistic region in the Philippines with its major
languages having sub-dialect variations. The
topographic formation of the Cordillera mountain
range, which has greatly influenced the upstream
migration of peoples in the Cordillera into the
hinterland, corresponds the various dialects pattern
formation. The disparity in linguistic ethnicity
however, did not form variation in cultural
development as almost every Cordillera people
shares similar cultural identity among different
tribes.
Bontok spoken in Bontoc
Ifugao spoken in Ifugao
Isnag spoken in Apayao
Balangao spoken in Natonin
Kankanaey spoken in western Mountain Province
and some municipalities in Benguet
Ibaloi spoken in Benguet
Kalanguya spoken in some municipalities of
Benguet
Itneg spoken in Abra
Kalinga - spoken in Kalinga
Ilocano is spoken in almost all parts of the region.
Festivals[edit]
The region also has various festivals. They include:
Provincial and city
Panagbenga Festival (Baguio Flower Festival)
celebrated in the city of Baguio every February. The
festival focuses on the city as the Flower Garden
City of the North. Highlights include flower exhibits,
lectures, garden tours, floral competition and a
parade of floats.[29]
Adivay Festival celebrated in the province of
Benguet every November. Adivay means "coming
together of people to celebrate". The month-long
activities highlights the Agro-industrial and trade
fair which showcase the different products of the
province.[30]
Ullalim Festival celebrated in the province of
Kalinga every February 1316.[31] The festival
celebrates the founding of the province, showcasing
the cultural heritage and way of life of the Kalingas.
[32] Highlights include exhibits of weaved clothes
(laga), coffee beans and other products of the
province.
Lang-ay Festival celebrated in Mountain Province
every April 7. This is a week-long agro-industrial
trade, tourism and cultural fair with tribal dances
and songs.[33] Lang-ay is a native term which
describes the tradition of the people of Mountain
Province to celebrate festivities, share happiness,
foster family solidarity, hospitality and nurture
friendship all with a toast of home-brewed wine.
Matagoan Festival celebrated in the city of Tabuk
every June 16.[31] The festival features G-String
marathon (runners wear G-String only), cultural
dances and songs, and showcases the different
products of Tabuk coming from the different parts of
Kalinga such as the aromatic Kalinga coffee.
Town festivals
Ifugao
Kulpi ad Asipulo (Asipulo, April 16-19) Town Fiesta
adopting the ritual term kulpi, a family thanksgiving
after transplanting the rice seedlings.
Tungoh ad Hungduan (Hungduan, April 17-19)
Town fiesta adopting the cultural festival term
tungoh, where the community celebrates the end of
rice planting season.
Gotad ad Hingyon (Hingyon, April 23-25) Town
fiesta adopting the festival term Gotad which is
culminating activity of a bimmayah a well-to-do.

Kulpi ad Lagawe (Lagawe, April 25-27) Town

Fiesta adopting the ritual term kulpi, a family
thanksgiving after transplanting the rice seedlings.
Urpih Bannawar (Banaue, April 2627) Town fiesta
also performing the cultural ritual of the urpih by the
town mayor. Similar to the kulpi of Lagawe & Asipulo
except that Banaue has no "K" in their dialect.
Immbayah (Banaue, April 2729) A festival
celebrated every 3 years. The event title was coined
after the term bumayah referring to a well-to-do
who celebrates his good health or ripe old age with
gong-beating and dancing culminating in the feast.

Gotad ad Kiangan (Kiangan, April 30-May 2) Same

as that of Hingyon where the program includes
cultural dances, presentation or Contested ethnic
songs and games.
Among ad Alfonso Lista (Alfonso Lista, May 11)
Town fiesta adopting the Ifugao term ammong which
means "a gathering".
Keleng di Tinek town fiesta of the municipality of
Tinoc which adopt or practice the ritual of a keleng.
Keleng means a bountiful thanksgiving of a couple
to the Kabunyan, the highest god. Gongs and
dances were practiced by the community and
bountiful meals were served.