46, Ai.Towrs slept othe Moga npr p 7: Rihr Mig Eni, 7 Stephen PBb"Te Pavia Baressense Emp ofthe Mahi Te at ‘nd 000-70 H. Ke (Oned ieay Pre 195) 5284285 fe the Msi Pesod” p39; Richart Mahl Epp. M2 te Gunsowde nnd. 1115 Se so fe Pel Amie 2.5 Gomimons ‘feet Magi 152-1707 (Ore 1979,Daed Ne hal a, 506) (pen 588 St, Sees" Pre of Expanion pp 0-8 52, Sud" of apesion 7.667. 58. Akard nero fh Mahl np 9.275 4 eM Laid "Tbs Sate Formation i ai Hari Tie and Sat ‘natn oe Mile Baste F Kou Kaos (Usery of ators Pm, ope 55, Steunnd’Pmesof Exon” 6-68 Bike “Perontl Bass pe ‘ofthe Magik 2-28 ‘ro Sete Unies of New Yor Pr fr Bate Pee 98) 5 nl, Sc flcl Bc f he ison of Fi Ar p21. Gabor Agoson cel seventeenth centr Parker clims thatthe Oromane “experiencedsome nomons TN | smn HD may a spe prpoc sap 20 ny fy 29 nny ro PN aL oe onary ao Por LS Rey avin rn Song ps nwa ply mes mb pay ls ns ag oun po wan cay og eng nL AMEN pH PN ‘ong gs po en Sage apn largo 2 2 mag HS eas ae | one enone 7 ‘oyouen po ems. Kom oo eps om et uous yo ay 248 Bop sey JO MTY AP PUR SHES, | saaaWIHOWY 40 SEH aH, |Agoton 02 Behind he Tass We Machie 103 ‘year eair) Lat we hold not vera the imporance of die “so riltary technology by broadening the cope of examination The swt section ‘nl omen on rome ofthe quessonal bse: aunt Ottoman technology;a ontasno ou pent am 2k w'ponodeoes py sate} UeIENO 2p ponody songs meng upon Koto? fe 28 ES ONCE ea nog ro oe um aqme pues pO oq aN {pursing oun see paging pada 01330 s3pu2}p 20 ona sa 29 REV UL as} apo rode sepa 10002) rom stn phoney ‘ro ut 7 jo a 24 “Forum a posey ser We suey yoy wana suas geod “mop apm sueye 9 Arden pmodnso 5 Siem pur Aojorpa Kee! ueWoRO JO UoRNOH2 om ‘ge ap 00] 20 or 6a perdu oro UE 2m, 20a pond y+-€pr Jo suEMGL I He Uewnd URES ‘POE, 00 PR oy sy Suni usy seg {peat gp Son sr poe au ‘oes nou jo vor xe My ara eo pOPOTE PLL 1Ep| MOH ee 40 ang ay 8 BNP Dans poe sionay so aos I ap ox onUME map ome dN “ume pu eggs way seamen Areoduinmoo> se 5 om ine ge wows i> surwond 24) dt wEIONS v0 sostyAeoson 106 sole ofctanon fat ain contemporey Europe the were ott only means rifcant problem fo the Portuguese War indynovo pagodas Ka be um Sos Pope Has ‘roam ssiqene wmadoung ipo pu sey a pawo>jan ECON in dau suds non Aue! ut suse 30 oud UT Tesadayg uo pore ais oa ar) 093 tcp vp por ata pry aes saps augur fa paseo asmon 0 (Christian capes; reconds suggest tat in cern cate large amber of European renegades were thus ale vo keep pace withthe Chrisianfres. Furthermore Ottoman seg technique matched that ofthe Hungarians and “Habsburgs a leas onal the second ha ofthe seventeenth cenury. Whi at the end ofthe evententh camry the Onomanysked experienced ress, the Sulan' sper are reported have done bee job than thei colleagues inthe imperil amy Marl pase che Sulan'’ Armenian sapers nd min- fs who were fxn ltanbol and who were “expecially skied in Wooden- Woks din ying mines" They wee not only more experienced an dligent han the Chris bat more eective toa Ualk the mppersin he Habba army, ‘hese Otoman- Armenian miner snd apper"were working inating post tion and consequent they cared out the same workin jst halffthe me sd with half of the efor” of their Chriss counerpas™ ‘Although Manigh viewed a one of he foremost exper on the late ‘Keep Glinsin 153, Temesvi! Timjarain 1551, erin 1552 and Seigevir in 1956, However, only Kec was besieged by the Sula amy. Temesvir sd Eger were stacked by te woop ofthe Grand Vizier an Sgr by the ‘governor gener of Buds. Three ofthe formees were nonce eptued ome years er Temevir in 1582, Seigevin 1566, and Ege in 1596. During the later part of the satenth century the Habibors nite. sarge scale modernization projet in Hangary. The key frtreses were r= designed inthe ma taney according the plas ofc alan mary I Behind he Tah Wa Machine a eyncers a Pietro Ferabotco and Carl Then the cae of Gye (Rash), om Kn/ Kans) kira Not Zink) Kat gna Ad nies Eaovng fas einer a ‘when Chitin Gunner ae taken inthe War, they ener dem with bet ter otage thin other Captives, quartering them in the Chambees appropriate to that Profion,alloting der with oter a pay fm 8 to 12 Aer day bt becaite this it 00 considerable a maintenance to ale men who ate od vite principled, mot of them a ocasion offers, dset the sevice of the “Tuk and ly to heir own County “The Otomans were abo hit hard when their competent gunner who bout the lick of experienced cannoniers therefore, he decided co ftch (Chriian exper to inform him ofthe ate achievemens of European al tar engineeing” Eaopeancberver also noted thie Otoman gonner Wee ‘ales and offen overloaded their cannon ringa variety ofc ball ors the same piace. The retention ofthe elevating wedge so mitted apuast, eis wel esablshed that constant wary,"the great equ of vias” payed an imporane rl in the cansmision of Westen miliary technology fom Europe tothe Oxomans We have aresdy mentioned that Ouoman sais an campaigns were sponsible forth eansmision of firearms fom the ‘West tothe Onomn ely athe waning yer ofthe lourteeth entry. Somewhat tr inthe 14405 ch Hungarian-Ooman wars of Jnos Humpa ‘were of cuci importance in difsing European military technology and [now-how to the Ortomans Ie was daring thee wars hat che Ontemans‘eumo audemos pu paso fp Buin sep EDI) Hp pk suewcag amp ussaing anon po ane) feu ap sea Loo) 9 uouve> 1 pur emaonbxeaqnop kp POLE soem em aos oes ‘osod pall ay Xpusnorao une 4c mons Aa Hot pam dows yp por Sayyed ap sure dgegazone Aan las Bngudg ‘oye fougpudep 2p pooueape sy pu ‘afer uaono 2p or aioe w= uo pimo9}sejMpIUEN Sry AydeON oy ua wane es Jo aiodu ep aioe waa Poon om pops-ato st ma Uosa sup en Fede no amon 20 go 5 ay pen Yay Jo bvOde> suegRds«pem0® 7 poe jue urayoq ress jo sono pon Supoozeapeu ‘sourypeu-ina ipo pur sendin ya pony suo te, puso sng 0 soem 24 pap eden inaahansinainsamiiianNl ‘ a Perera rE PPgoes ne Quick oaequite Western multary technology inthe sent and ely we esbag creo fo fw ete fa ad er “oral pod poner x whys they ge fom verte Chrno ce is brought them ov of England However, bythe end ofthe sevenceeth cena claima Road Murphey the chanel ofthis tde had dogged up. The ‘dela’ of Western amminion impor “correspond rather sly wat the ‘beginning of deine in Onoman natal fortune ser 169 and of miliary or- tues er 1683" Murphey agues that" was neither inferior technology nor infec cis which broaght about he lenin the Otoman! abity ‘wage nab hei saply sation” atc pt ca pt Pe Goce Fimyored pve ath of oma ous In the sxtenth century important gunpowder works operated in lab, Cair Baghdad, Aleppo, Yemen, Bud, Belgrade, and Teme Seon ary production ceners were located in Energon, Ersarum, Diatbeki, Ot, Canponer polo nthe Oxon Emp esc hl entermadaung way rpmodund jo sey sez poround Kou day 2p pop Jo andy ap area spiro pn i eda 20 uot, ‘spetiea m0n pnadnd prs y0 ado uoronpa tp app 0 2, sue meson Soppeey (Guo 208 716-6) SIENEY 900'81-000'TT 299 0% Kaus> quusans 2yp Jo pus ayy Ye Jeaouey pur “epng Tague snes 0 vests utes avn 23 ‘ome avn ‘octem avn cc Home an eee 9 ym PONE “onl -a91 aan RH ps Nop BpROEND ou vosedyJ a _merchant and Cs subject ofthe Sahar, However this amount wa than S pecen of the Armory ttl income of gunpowder (6,009 kana) that yre™ Exhausted fom the log-ltng wars fought aginst che Holy fe ouput relive eo the sixteen centory and We may gunpowder production sll et the vast major ofthe hte centry. ns produced only about 3000 Kata of poor quality Ss ebious fom the avaiable sources that the domestic largely slesificient in the production of gunpowder. "The sation with firearms seems tobe somewhat diferent een nthe sevenccenth century In November 1605, an English veel, desined for Inaba, wa held up by the ship ofthe Duke of Savoy and che Kaighs of Bend ce Tih We Machine at ‘Mal who confiscated the cargo Apart fom the 700 bare of gunpowder | = Unfoantypun 9} Young op pur SPU sro ou atm oe 29 Eg mt a) re avn ps tn 9 255¢ pH NLR RE Aaron apmpuns osduzoe vy pmcevouny ory gee urd souoo tn onnju0> po ote sr rasp yay “wrznmy "rund o uo} Azuodeam poe rondiop Anaedtsi03 Anouape exoqouansomsouc a0 ood gare op “sano poral pe iy opp BN uRadoInasnoovEOd uo> yore dg paseo uomerperpens joe 2 pr Ages uRwoS | vomyuo> Suopnimag 3p WORMED Gn =mPueY OME ME a 2s 20 C591 sia sas 2 ohosemaon 20) a seo saz uy sary uRadaung UNDA 30 ODELBIS serEnNaY pUE ‘pupopes 2p Sump vobyununu pue fauodeam ut open pang ap put wo 7ction ab shows lve irs otha of the Europeans ln Tsksh ach ‘document om the end fhe seventeen cenarywe equenty come scot ‘cern ype of gunpowder cal "Englah pode” (nl prt) Ths was hind sh Tk Wr Machine sy “nate Morar gponder selected ren coum an ithe toms Fp, For Bampese ie Ar Mal Eps Hay nd Mam 91, 27. We Gane 170.5 Hoga Ong Hea and Die don, sated thatthe Onomars wedexcellen powder," is evidet om the nose of dachage, andthe velocity and range ofthe shot" To be sre it was noe only the Ouoman problems hve European epics andaats at acquired ‘hei powder fom imal varying ply sources fced the sme sificaltes ary Sonter During the sevenzenth century and wellinto the Stal the ‘ighteenth century, when the Ortomans were supposedly infetie to their European rival here wef har any radical differences fara European and ‘Ouomnan gunpowder hare was concerned. The applicability ofthis tech nology and the deployabiy of weaponry requ further nays, weve. ™fra em adurgurson 2 70 woud 2 supe a TER PRP Dando ue w 2onor Buuren Suny REO BRP ASU ug emo usr ap ng oH PHENO UayO ep HOHE wa atoms van umd eaaeoeynens voor pu fsvodeom ay anu ouyoe Aer in,Atouaqe, aac) py se ‘europe uray 394) Auouddas omethe late nineteenth century. and plans to "bene the Balkan and conguce Inanbul remained a eam, ‘This vised version of my paper given atthe UCLA/Dibwes confreace. | would tke to thank Jeremy Blick, ert Hal nd Brett Stee for thei quer ‘ons and advice Aaa 26 ‘Behind te Tah We Machine im ‘eversed Yee the Habsburgs subsequent file to push farther south und = | che end of sch ey. be Ontos ge bind he Wen wepeey and ; i 2 Jone The Baopen Mine: inane amined Capi te Huy of ‘ep and Ai (Camb Unrny Pon 87. i 5 3 Pal Keon Te Rind Fl Gr Poe: Ean Cage ed Mary Cone & fom 1300 200 (Vig Bock 109, p12 OE iii meter cae totamo, I oe a ea arr ee ‘a Uden he 8 ; ; 1 Oats ey ea oe ae eee scence increas | lat a eo second edition (1996). i p.508, eaten acte afi ce nimetonte cs anacst nmin ea pate mes gy . seer ‘ict ner rem Soc Eoeteeaganscn sya Ronmat | Schai icateri ist'n a oil lene rr Soe melanetindatemyeinmonieeracing ‘eat el Tf mc a al he i 21 Ine, “Omar Au Shap 50 Tie Gap pes nd Mtr Ts (Sst of Chrage Pr 100 ' ‘Waa H. MeN Pf Pe Tey Se Pod Sey Sar 41000 : 22 vernon Py. Brhn Ea ofan ein (el 960.1061, (Unvenyof Chicago Pra, 1825 MeN, Te ge of Crp Bop 430-1000 : ae ny chad nt nih (ern Hiro oso 90 = ini Sen ‘ose coi” Aa One aon San age (199) 2-22 10, Se. Arh Goth A Com His ofthe id Eu (re 199.9. o-is. Gelb pte Onoman techs discos re pede. angus op ame, ang 4g aE OPO HF 31s 1 ze MONG Hr gs Yo sp Ba vom 24s Hg ou an) ko a pm fe Ne omg mB] PUY IEE EEN PANS LE 00-628 9¢6 socom sonop) aim 9 eu amin pane ees oa nor PAS a "Sag TA porno ORY I H, SONY DSF ae ery re aR {ze 61 REVO) BY PN ps “2 a Vopr arse ervey Laan enon aeons mein ye Servers Gu ny suey tose) any oo i pn oe on nl rr 46 ac 09g pI stron capa) aed py op sma sna es mn nd "Mo "pe Kaa Z eR ROPAN Son > ee or eueND eS "senBin ota appears pear, SONY eS irs wed ano ama eto ‘Sag aig anode) csp adnan Pos op me 255941 mommy 2 mts pan es yng sly ug my orm 24 pmon ve wma sm ue orn 9 fens spy dogo Sas oe Sst mtg seas "aad Gmosen ipaq) oon my Suge, PHO Poe EE APY Se BL SL Mg oer aN) ap: san Nd pm bg 3st pms ei vay‘Aon 120 san et sage of eg be wt need by Lorie ine thr me See Joa Soy Mang Bene 1680-1790 Unset Pre, 1966.37 5, Pa Rca, Te Hay oft Pt Sut oft Ono En Lad, 57. Beton. "Ooran aren 58 Da See Hep. 29. ‘8, Fran Brel, The Maron nd Meee Hil in te Ae of Pi (Fomane, 190, (4 ParyLe made combs s 24 (3, Maxis, Hick ne ox de Kegon ee de Uri Rea It (epg, 1690 214 Sebo Py "a mance de comin 50, ay Bi 1088 7, Suet Li Kove, ef, Une Dai Konto tara (Sepa esd, 1986, 38 Behind he Tah Wr Mache a 6 Li SA ide in Mt ke 1 1695Béls Meg Lei, 1999, pp 2-08 Fort shy ren vero of thor ima (2. Tinie on GiborAgton"Mees Pritine The ag OtansaTde ‘Svan de Depedens Theory” Ove Mads XX (DOCK ns 201): 70, Pky, Te iy Rew 127 17, See Marphoy "The Oto sods’ 292- 29a, "Th Scie Pac ‘fica pp 215-216 Kemet R, Andes, de, Pe on Stow (Gige Uninet P9806 90-51 72 SA Sle Win Ha ended Tk, 1578-1592 (Ono erty Tr 0779.23 Sako) Pay in The New Came Modo tyne (Combi: Use Pr 968,568. 7%, Be Te Madera p25 74 Quoted Paya The Nar Corie Moon Hise. 38. 7S. Marphey"The Oxon Aside” 253 76 Blan Osta Ar (Onan Ahn fhe rene Mina an beac SrtsBOA) Kal epee To (KI) 738.16 77, BOK Nalyeen Mier Dees (AD BH, 78 BOA. MAD 273,946, 78. Sar Shan, Been Old ed Ne The Otome Epi det SS 1728-1007 fara Urey Ps 97, 143, 41, BOA,MAD 1039p. 102, £2. BOA. MAD 10405 p99 13, See St Bor Ol and No pp. 1-16 1, BOA, Coe Are 9786 15. Cale of Sate Pape nf Mari Rang gh is Exige Acs Clone ler reo ere i X Lenn BIOPSY hee re CS Neen 7 ae CSPM Nees Xp 318, 1. LAA Teac, Hi aid Cnemmet i Hay Sin 1550-620. 196), 1, Forme dea ce Agoon. "Merce Pine!(ope) emo a “pes aug 2m 0 at 39290200 (eg ND oN) tet tt ry 5 NOI I HNIC “erode san Mm mt P01 -st1 afy manggkiny 20 hase w PS FOL reson obs Yona 1 ‘01 69 amy sees 242) pmodnn,sOHeY 7D 40, 918g ume Kydnyy ot zos-t05 a8 "es mg ai sp) 51-0191 Kayes aL pao “out yazan ENE oy dsr alps ssa iD op Sep ery muney yy ke ye ea ‘Spor cog muon oandy 76 ‘pa ges Fo ston pi ed 9 se 5 Fong one ed ages pur sony ug om an Joa Te a voxety