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Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 2

f ( x)dx

Let

f ( x) dx
b

Then
Also

( x) c

a
b

b
a

or ( x) a
b

(b) ( a)

( x)

f ( x) dx f ( x) dx
a
b

f ( x) dx f ( x) dx f ( x) dx
c

b
c

where a c b

x 2 1 dx x 2 dx dx
2

23 13
2 1
3 3
1
8 1
10
1
3 3
3
x3

2
1

1 1
1
1
3 1 dx
3 dx dx
x
x

1
1
1
1

1
1
x3

1
1
3

4
x3

1
1

4
3

3
1 1 2
4

2 x 12 dx
0

1 (1)

2 x 121
2 1 2

2(0) 1

2 x 1

3 x dx

(1) 2

2(2) 1

3 x

0
2

1
1
2

3 x 2 dx
2

6
2

2
3 x
3

3 x

1 1 (1)
2

3
2

3 (1)
2

6
2
3
2

3
2
3 2 3 6 2
3

3
3

2
2
54
1 2 9 2 1 27
3
3
3

2t 1
1

2t 1

dt
5

3
1
2

5 1
5

1
5
2

x
5

2t 1

x x 2 1 dx

2t 1 2 dt
5

2t 1 2

Ans.
5

3
2

3 1 2
2

dx

2 x 11

2
2
1
1
0 1 4 1

2
2

2
2
1
1

(2) (1) (2) (5)

1 1
2

2 10
5

11 5 1

4
4
3
(1) 3 (1) 3 1 1

1
2

5 2
2

5 1
5

5
2

x 1
5

1 2 x dx

5
2

2(1) 1 2

5 1

1
2

x dx

1
5

1
2

x2 1 2
2

1
1
2

1
1
2

d 2
x 1 dx
dx
1

x 1
2

3
2

3
2

x
x 2 2 dx
1

1
2x
dx

2
2 x 2
2

d 2
2
1 dx x 2
1

dx ln x 2 2
2
2
2
x 2
1

1
ln 22 2 ln 12 2
2
1
ln 6 ln 3
2
1 6
1
ln ln 2
2 3
2

x 2 dx x 2 dx 2 dx
3

Now do yourself

x 2
1

1
2

1
2

dx

2
x x 1 2 x 1 dx
1

1
2

1
1
2

3
2

d
2 x 1 dx
dx

3 1
2

x 1

1
2

1 1
1
2

x x 1

x2 x 1

1 2
x x 1
3

3
2

NOTE
3

31 3 2 3 3

(1)
3
2

( 1) 1

3
3
1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
3

3
3

1
1
3 2 1 2 3 3 1
3
3

1
3

dx
x2 9
0

3
0

dx
1
x
Tan 1
2
2
3
3
x 3

3
0

1
1
Tan 1 1 Tan 1 0
3
3
1
1

0
3 4 3
12

cot dt

sin t

sin sin
3
6

3 1
3 1

2 2
2

1 2
1

Let I x 1 2 dx
x x

Put t 1

1
1 x 1
x

1
2

3 1
2

1
(1) 2 (1) 1
3

x 2 x 1 dx

2x 1 2

x x 1
2
1
1

1
3
1
0
Tan1 Tan1
3
3 3
3

2 1

x x dx x x 2 2 dx
2
2
3

1
2

3
3

2
2
1 2
2

5 1 2 1 2
2 3

3
3
3
3

1
1
5 1 2 4 1 2 4 2 3 2
3
3

3
1
1

1
1 3
1
22 2 3 2 2 3 3 2
3
3

1
8 3 3
3

1
2

FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 3

1
dt 1 x 2 dx 1 2 dx
x

3
2

FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 4

When x 1 , then t 2 ,

and when x 2 , then t

So I

2 1
t 2 dt

1
1
t2

1
1
2

5
2

3
t2

Let I

3
3
2 5 2
2 2 2
3

2 5 5
2 5 5

2 2
2 2
3 2 2
3 2 2

2 5 5 8
1

5 5 8 .
3 2 2
3 2

2 2
t
3
3

Integrating by parts

2
1
I ln x x 1 x dx
x

x ln x

2
1

dx 2 ln 2 1 ln1 x
2

2 ln 2 1 (0) 2 1
1

2 ln 2 0 1 2 ln 2 1

2
0

x
e2

2
2 e2

2 e e
1

x 2
2
e
0

2 e

22 02
2e e

2 e

1
2 e 1 1
e

e 2 1 2e
2

1
2 e 2
e

e 1
e

x 2
2
0

cos sin
d
2 cos 2

cos
2

sin
cos

d
2
2 cos 2
2 cos

dx

cos sin
d
cos 2 1

1
d
2 cos

1 cos 2
2

sin

2 cos cos
4

1
sec d
2

x
2

x
2

1
0
e2

x
2x

e e 2 dx

e 2 dx e

2
1

sec tan d
4

1
1
ln sec tan 0 4 sec 0 4
2
2
1

ln sec tan ln sec(0) tan(0)

2
4
4

sec sec(0)
2
4

1
1
ln 2 1 ln 1 0
2 1
2
2
1
1
ln 2 1 0
2 1
2
2
1
ln 2 1 2 1
Ans.
2

Let I ln x dx ln x 1 dx
2

cos

cos d
3

2
1 sin cos

cos d

sin

sin
6

cos d

d
2

sin
6

cos d
d
sin d
d

3

sin
sin sin(0)
6
3

1
1

0 sin 3 sin 3 (0)

2
3
6

1 1 1
(0)3

2 3 2

FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 5

cos

6
4
6

1 1

2 24

11
24

cot 2 d

cos

cos cosec

1 d

csc

4
6

cot

1 4
1 4
d d cos 2 d
2
2
6

3 4
1 sin 2
d
2
2
2
6

4
6

3
cot cot 4
4
6 2
6

sin 2
sin 2
1
4
6

2
2
2

3
3 1 1
2
1 3
2 4 6 22
2

3 11
3
1 3
2 12 2 2 4

1
3
1 3
8 4 8
9 3 10

cos t dt
4

5 9

3
4 8
8

2
cos t

dt

1
4
1
8

1 2 cos 2t cos 2 2t

dt
4

1 2 cos 2t cos

1 2 cos 2t
4

2t dt

1 cos 4t
dt
2

2 4 cos 2t 1 cos 4t
dt
2

3 4 cos 2t cos 4t dt
4

1 cos 2t dt

1
sin 2t sin 4t
3t 4

8
2
4

1 cos
cosec 1 d 2 d
4

d cos d
4

cosec2 cos 2 d

1
2

cos 2 d
cos
2
sin

cot

1 11

2 3 8

sin 4
1
4
3 2sin 2
4
8 4
4

sin 4 0
3 0 2 sin 2 0

1 3
0
0

2 0 0
8 4
4
4
1 3 8
3 8

8 4
32

cos

cot 2 d (Do yourself)

cos

Let I

1 3

2
8 4

cos
3

(Do yourself)

sin d

Put t cos dt sin d

dt sin d
When 0 then t 1
And when then t 1
3
2

FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 6

1

So I

t ( dt )
2

t dt
2

1
3

3
3

1 1
7

24 3
24
3

8 1
3 3

sin
1 cos cos

sec
4

sec2
d
tan 1

Also when x
dt
t

ln t

2
1

a xb

b xc

f ( x) dx g ( x) h( x)

1 cos 2 d

sec
d
sin cos

then t 2

g ( x)
If f ( x)
h( x )
Then

1 cos 2
d
2

ln 2 ln1 ln 2 0 ln 2

Let I
Since

So

x 3 dx

if x 3 0 x 3
x3
x3
x 3 if x 3 0 x 3

x 3 dx

( x 3) dx x 3 dx
5

( x 3) dx x 3 dx

sin 2 0

1
1
2(1) 2(0) 0 0
2
4 2

13
1 6
6

22 4
2 4
8

So I

2 tan(0) 0

Put t tan 1 dt sec 2 d

When x 0 then t 1

2sec
4

sec
d
sin

cos
1
cos

2sec 2 2 1 cos 2

d
2

sin 2 d

1
sin 2
2 tan
2
2

sin 2

sin 2 d

2
cos

tan

24

1
sin 2 4
2 tan
2
4 4
2

Let I

1 cos 2 tan 2 d

t3

( x 3)

2 3

( x 3) 2

(3 3) (1 3)

2
2
0 16
4 0

2
2

2 2
2

Let I

(5 3) 2 (3 3) 2
2 2

8 2 10

x 13 2

dx
2
3
x
2

FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 7

x 13 2 x 2 3 dx

ln 33 32 3 1 ln 23 22 2 1

ln 20 ln 5

1
8

Put t x 3 2

dt

1
3

x 3 dx

ln 27 9 3 1 ln 8 4 2 1

3dt

5
1
then t
2
8
And when x 1 then t 3
When x
So I

2
t 3dt
3

x 3 dx

3 3

t
3

3
3
5
125

27
8
3 2 3
3
3
3
3

91
27 125
91
3
3

8
3 24
24

x 1
x 1 x2 2

x2 2
x 1 dx
3

x 1
dx
x
1

1
x dx dx

2 3

x
2

3
1

dx
x 1

ln x 1

x2 x

x2
x 1

1

32 12
3 1 ln 3 1 ln 1 1
2 2
9 1
2 ln 4 ln 2
2 2
4
4 2 ln
2

2 ln 2

x 1 x 2 1 dx
3x 2 2 x 1

3
2

3
2

3
2

3x 2 2 x 1
dx
x3 x 2 x 1

sin x 1
dx
cos 2 x

20
5

ln 4

cos2 x cos2 x dx
4

sin x

cos x cos x cos2 x dx

4

sin x

2
sec x tan x sec x dx

sec x tan x

sec tan sec(0) tan(0)

4
4

2 1 1 0 2 2

Let I

1 sin x
4

dx

1 sin x 1 sin x
4

1 sin x

dx

4
1 sin x
1 sin x

dx

dx

2
1 sin x
cos 2 x
0
0
Now same as Question # 24
4

Let I

3x
dx
4 3x
0
Put t 4 3 x 3 x 4 t
1
Also dt 3dx dt dx
3
When x 0 then t 4
And when x 1 then t 1
1

So I
1

d 3
x x2 x 1
dx
dx
x3 x 2 x 1

ln x3 x 2 x 1

ln

4t
t

1
3 dt

1
1 4
t
1 1

3
4 t 2
t 2

dt

FSc-II / Ex- 3.6 - 8

1
3
4

Let I

12 12
4t t dt

Now do yourself

Let I

So I

cos x
dx
sin x 2 sin x

And when x
So I

then t 0

dt
1 t 2 t
1
0

then t 1

dt

dt

dt

1 t 2 t
1

t 2 t
1
1

sin x dx

dt sin x dx
dt sin x dx
When x 0 then t 1

dt cos x dx

1
When x then t
6
2

1 cos x 2 cos x
2

Put t cos x

Put t sin x
When x

1 t 2 t
0

Now consider
1
A
B

t 2 t t 2 t

Now consider
1
A
B

1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t
1 A(2 t ) B (1 t ) . (i)
Put 1 t 0 t 1 in (i)

Put t 0 in (i)

Put 2 t 0

1 A 2 1 0

1 A 2 t Bt (i)

1 A(2 0) B (0)

1 2A

Put 2 t 0 t 2 in eq. (i)

1 0 B (2)

So

1
1

1
2

1
B
2

1 2B

1
1
1
2
2

t
2t
t 2 t
1 1
1 1
1
2 dt
dt 2 dt
t (2 t )
t
2

t
1
1
2

1
ln t
2

1
1

1
1

1
1
ln 1 ln

2
2
1
1
ln 2 1 ln 2
2
2
1
1 1
5
0 ln ln 3 ln
2
2 2
2
1
1
5
ln ln 3 ln
2
2
2
5
1
1 5
ln 2 ln
2 1 3
2 3
2

1 t 2 t
1

1
1

1 t 2 t

dt
1
0

i.e. B 1

1
1
dt
dt
1 t
2t

ln 1 t

1
0

ln 2 t

ln 1 1 ln 1 0
ln 2 1 ln 2 0

1
ln 2 t
2
2

t 2 in (i)

1 0 B 1 2 1 B

1 t 2 t
1
0

1 1
1
1
dt
dt
21 t
2 1 2t
1

So

A 1

ln 2 0 ln 3 ln 2
2 2
4
ln
ln 3
3

Error Analyst

Usman Khilji FAZMIC Sargodha 2004-06

Muzammil Ahsan 2011
Zeeshan - Punjab College Gujranwala

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