SUBMITTED TO

DR.Hanumant yadav
SUBMITTED BY
Shivanshu Pandey
Section-A
Semester-II
Submitted on 15
Feb. 2016

Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project Micro irrigation Development in India with Reference to
Chhattisgarh which is submitted to Hidayatullah National Law university New Raipur is a
record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Dr. Hanumant Yadav. This project
work has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or diploma fellowship and similar
project if any.

Acknowledgement
I feel highly delighted to work on the topic Micro irrigation system in chattisgarah The
practical realization of this project has obligated the assistance of many persons. I express my
deepest regard and gratitude For Dr.Hanumant Yadav, Faculty of economics. His consistent
supervision, constant inspiration and invaluable guidance have been of immense help in
understanding and carrying out the nuances of the project report I would like to thank my family
and friends without whose support and encouragement, this project would not have been a
reality.

I take this opportunity to also thank the University and the Vice Chancellor for providing
extensive database resources in the Library and through internet.
Some printing errors might have crept in, which are deeply regretted. I would be grateful to
receive comments and suggestions to further improve this project report.
Shivanshu pandey
Section-a
Roll no.154
Semester-II

Table of Content

Introduction 1
Objective.. 2
Research and methodology.................................................................................. 2
Review Of Literature. 3
Micro irrigation and its type... 4
Drip irrigation.......... 5
Sprinkle system. 7

Micro irrigation in chattisgarh. 9

Chattisgarh an overview.....9
Major initiative for micro irrigation..9

Source wise irrigation10

Focus on micro and minor irrigation...11
Status of ground water development.. 14
Development of kharif and rabi crop15
Statue government projects and scheme in development16

Pictorial representation..
Drip system digram6
Sprinkle system8
Source wise irrigation tabular presentation10
Change in grand water extraction structure irrigation 14
Conclusion19
Refrence...20

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Introduction

Micro irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water

directly above and below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or
tiny streams through emitters placed along a water delivery line. Micro irrigation, also
called drip irrigation or drip line irrigation, delivers water right at the base of the plant
through a system of flexible irrigation tubing, drip emitters, and micro sprays Micro &
Sprinkler Irrigation for economizing the use of water and increase productivity per unit of
water. This technology also arrests water logging and secondary Stalinization problems
of the canal command areas and check the receding water table and deteriorating water
quality in the well command areas. The estimated potential of Micro/ Sprinkler Irrigation
Technology in the country is 27 & 42.5 Million hectares respectively. It is proposed to
implement a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, on Micro Irrigation during the Tenth Five Year
Plan covering an area of 1.5 million hectares under drip irrigation and 0.5 million
hectares under sprinkler irrigation.The objective of the scheme is to increase the coverage
of area under micro irrigation in the country for improving crop productivity with
efficient use of water resources. Micro irrigation is to be viewed as a total plant support
system starting with planting material to post harvest management and marketing.
Therefore, micro irrigation need be promoted in a holistic manner involving appropriate
cultivars, good agronomic practices, post harvest handling, processing and marketing
leading to an end-to-end approach. Water source development and recharge of wells
through Watershed Management would also form a part of the package. in context to
chattisgarh we will study the development of irrigation system and lucrative aspects
achieved by anicuts,Drip irrigation systewm, Sprinkle System.

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OBJECTIVE

To understand what is irrigation ?

To understand what is micro irrigation?
To understand irrigation system under the title of micro irrigation
What is drip irrigation?
What are the features of drip irrigation?
What is sprinkle system?
What are the features of sprinkle system?
To explain the achievement of Chhattisgarh in agriculture due to micro-irrigation.
Research And methodology

This research is descriptive and analytical in nature. The project has been made with the
help of secondary sources of data. Secondary as well as electronic sources of data have
been used to a large extent to make up this research methodology.

The secondary sources which have been used to give this project a firm structure are
various books, dictionaries, and websites

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Reivew Of Litrature

MICRO IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN COTTON- K.S. Bhaskar M.R.K. Rao P.N.

Mendhe M.R. Suryavanshi

Earlier attempts were made by the researchers in Germany during 1860 by simply
pumping the irrigation water into the clay pipes through underground drainage system.
The first work on MIS (Micro- irrigation systems) was initiated at Colorado in 1913 and
it was concluded that drip system was too expensive. Later on an important breakthrough
was made in Germany in 1920 when perforated pipes were used for irrigating the crops.
However, in 1930, the peach growers in Australia, pumped water through 5 cm GI pipes
laid along the tree rows with water emitting points made on the pipe as small triangular
holes. In early 1940, Symcha Blass observed that a tree near a water leaking point
exhibited vigorous growth as compared to other trees in the area. This led to the concept
of MI (Micro-irrigation) where water is applied in very small amounts as drop by drop.
Later on, a remarkable breakthrough was made in the material science, when poly
ethylene, a crack resistant and cheaper alternative was accidentally produced in a British
laboratory. Later LDPE (Low density poly ethylene) gave place to HDPE (High density
poly ethtylene) and in 1977, LLDPE ((Low lenior density poly ethlene) was introduced.
Thus, micro-irrigation systems really got off the ground with the developments in plastic
industry. Later on the orifice emitters were developed to improve the consistency of
"holes drilled into the pipes" and gradually sophisticated water emission small diameter
plastic tubes and microtubes were developed. Turbulent flow emitters were also

developed which are being used at present.

IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES; Apoorva Oza- Minor irrigation currently
covers 52.62 million ha of land. The third minor irrigation census carried out in 20001
covered 6.3 lakh villages in 586 districts. It showed 19.7 million ha of irrigation of which
18.5 million are groundwater schemes and 1.2 million are surface water irrigation. The
18.5 million groundwater schemes have created an irrigation potential of 62.4 million ha
(3.37 ha per schemes) while the 1.2 million surface irrigation schemes have created an
irrigation potential of 11.9 million ha (9.9 ha per scheme). The surface and groundwater
schemes are very different in nature and we analyze concerns and potential later

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CHAPTER-1

Micro irrigation and its types

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the
growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed
soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Additionally, irrigation also
has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against
frost,1 suppressing weed growth in grain fields2 and preventing soil consolidation3 In
contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land
farming.
Irrigation systems are also used for dust suppression disposal of sewage, and in mining.
Irrigation is often studied together with drainage which is the natural or artificial removal
of surface and sub-surface water from a given area.
Irrigation has been a central feature of agriculture for over 5,000 years and is the product
of many cultures. Historically, it was the basis for economies and societies across the
globe, from Asia to the Southwestern United States.
What is Micro irrigation?
Micro irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water directly
above and below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or tiny
streams through emitters placed along a water delivery line. Micro irrigation, also called
drip irrigation or drip line irrigation, delivers water right at the base of the plant through a
system of flexible irrigation tubing, drip emitters, and micro sprays

nyder, R. L.; Melo-Abreu, J. P. (2005). "Frost protection: fundamentals, practice, and economics

Williams, J. F.; S. R. Roberts; J. E. Hill; S. C. Scardaci; G. Tibbits. "Managing Water for 'Weed' Control in Rice

Aridpoop -05-15" Retrieved 2012-06-19

5 | Page

The term micro-irrigation describes a family of irrigation systems that apply water
through small devices. These devices deliver water onto the soil surface very near the
plant or below the soil surface directly into the plant root zone. Growers, producers and
landscapers have adapted micro-irrigation systems to suit their needs for precision water
application. Micro-irrigation systems are immensely popular not only in arid regions and
urban settings but also in subhumid and humid zones where water supplies are limited or
water is expensive. In irrigated agriculture, micro-irrigation is used extensively for row
crops, mulched crops, orchards, gardens, greenhouses and nurseries. In urban landscapes,
micro-irrigation is widely used with ornamental plantings.
DRIP IRRIGATION
Drip irrigation involves supplying water to the soil very close to the plants at very low
flow rates (0.5 10 liter/hr) from a plastic pipe fitted with outlets The basic concept
underlying the drip irrigation method is to maintain a wet bulb of soil in which plant roots
suck water Only the part of the soil immediately surrounding the plant is wetted. The
volume and shape of the wet bulb irrigated by each drip emitter are a function of the
characteristics of the soil (texture and hydraulic conductivity) and the discharge rate of
the drip emitter. Applications are usually frequent (every 13 days) to maintain soil water
content in the bulb close to field capacity
Advantages of drip irrigation
More efficient use of water: Compared to surface irrigation and sprinkler methods (with
efficiencies of 5075% in high-management systems), drip irrigation can achieve 90
95% efficiency. This is because percolation losses are minimal and direct evaporation
from the soil surface and water uptake by weeds are reduced by not wetting the entire soil
surface between plants (Polak et al. 1997a, b; Narayanamoorthy and Desponded 1998;
Narayanamoorthy 1999).
Reduced cost for fertilizers: Precise application of nutrients is possible using drip
irrigation. Fertilizer costs and nitrate losses can be reduced considerably when the
fertilizers are applied through the irrigation water (termed fertigation). Nutrient
applications can be better timed to coincide with plant needs since dressing can be carried

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out frequently in small amounts and fertilizers are brought to the immediate vicinity of
the active roots.
Reduced labor demand: Water application is less labor demanding compared to
surface or bucket irrigation. Cultural practices such as weeding can be performed when
the plants are being irrigated
Low energy requirement: A drip irrigation system requires less energy than a
conventional pressurized system as it increases irrigation efficiency and therefore
requires less water to be pumped. Compared to other pressurized systems, savings are
also made because of the lower operational water pressure required for drip systems.

Reduced salinity risk: The drip lines are placed close to a row of plants and the root zone
tends to be relatively free of salt accumulations as the salts always accumulate towards
the edge of the wetted soil bulb. The accumulation of salts on a surface-irrigated field
tends to be right in the middle of the root zone.

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SPRINKLE SYSTEM;
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying water which is similar to natural rainfall but
spread uniformly over the land surface just when needed and at a rate less than the
infiltration rate of the soil so as to avoid surface runoff from irrigation. This is achieved
by distributing water through a system of pipes usually by pumping which is then sprayed
into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the
ground. The system of irrigation is suitable for undulating lands, with poor water
availability, sandy or shallow soils, or where uniform application of water is desired. No
land leveling is required as with the surface irrigation methods. Sprinklers are, however,
not suitable for soils which easily form a crust. The water that is pumped through the
pump pipe sprinkler system must be free of suspended sediments. As otherwise there
would be chances of blockage of the sprinkler nozzles.
The pump unit is usually a centrifugal pump which takes water from a source and
provides adequate pressure for delivery into the pipe system. The mainline and sub
mainlines are pipes which deliver water from the pump to the laterals. In some cases,

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these pipelines are permanent and are laid on the soil surface or buried below ground. In
other cases, they are temporary, and can be moved from field to field. The main pipe
materials include asbestos cement, plastic or aluminum alloy. The laterals deliver water
from the mainlines or sub mainlines to the sprinklers. They can be permanent but more
often they are portable and made of aluminum alloy or plastic so that they can be moved
easily
The most common types of sprinklers that are used are:
Perforated pipe system: This consists of holes perforated in the lateral irrigation pipes
in specially designed pattern to distribute water fairly uniformly (Figure 11). The sprays
emanating from the perforations are directed in both sided of the pipe and can cover a
strip of land 6 m to 15m wide.

Rotating head system: Here small sized nozzles are placed on riser pipes fixed at
uniform intervals along the length of the lateral pipe (Figure 12). The lateral pipes are
usually laid on the ground surface. The nozzle of the sprinkler rotates due to a small
mechanical arrangement which utilizes the thrust of the issuing water
As such, sprinkler irrigation is suited for most rows, field as tree crops and water can be
sprayed over or under the crop canopy. However, large sprinklers are not recommended
for irrigation of delicate crops such as lettuce because the large water drops produced by
the sprinklers may damage the crop. Sprinkler irrigation has high efficiency. It however,
varies according to climatic conditions; 60% in warm climate; 70% in moderate climate
and 80% in humid or cool climate. Sprinkler irrigation was not widely used in India
before the 1980. Although no statistics are available on the total area under sprinkler
irrigation, more than 200000 sprinkler sets were sold between 1985 and 1996(with 65000
for 1995-96) according to the National Committee on the use of plastics in agriculture.
The average growth rate of sprinkler irrigated area in India is about 25 percent. The cost
of installation of sprinkler irrigation depends on a number of factors such as type of crop,
the distance from water source.

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The picture of sprinkle system is been given which comes under the heading of micro
irrigation system

CHAPTER-2 MICRO IRRIGATION IN CHATTISGARAH

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Bastar Plateau Zone

New Schemes : related to micro irrigation

(i)
Provision of Rs. 10 cores for setting up 50 Agriculture Machinery Service Centers
with the subsidy of Rs. 7.5 lakh and 10 lakh to Agri-entrepreneurs/farmers.
(ii)

Assistance to farmers up to 75% for installation of sprinkler and drip system

Budget Provision (Year 2012-13) - Rs. 25 crores

iii)

Under NAIS premium subsidy (State Share) increased from 5 to 20%

Major initiative for micro irrigation;

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Agriculture Budget for wholistic agricultural development.

Stamp duty exempted on exchange of land among farmers for
consolidation.

the

purpose

of

Assistance upto Rs. 75,000 per connection for energization of irrigation pumps.
Assistance upto Rs. 5,000 per well / tubewell for water

recharge.

Free electricity upto 7500 units per annum for 5 H.P. and 6000
than 5 H.P. Irrigation Pump.

Units for less

Source wise Irrigation

(Area in Lakh ha.)

Canals

8.95

66 %

Tanks

0.45

Tube-wells

3.00

22 %

Wells

0.26

3%

2%

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Other Sources

0.89

Total

13.55

100 %

29 %

Net Irrigated Area

7%

Focus On Micro And Minor Irrigation

Shankar Guha Niyogi4 emphasized the greater relevance of micro-and minor irrigation
projects in the undulating tribal areas. While creating large storages with high dams,
about one million hectares of forest and almost equal acreage of cultivated lands have
been lost, and over two million people ousted from their homes. The canal system has
irrigated fields at a slow pace, and with damaging environment consequences. Major
dams take nearly ten years for completion and another ten years to fully utilize the
created potential. A poor country like India can ill afford to lock up such large sums of
money for a long period.
Some measures suggested are as follows: i) No new projects involving big dam
construction and storage above 0.10 MAF should be sanctioned at least till full
installation and utilization of medium and minor irrigation capacity.
ii) There should be major rescheduling of development of water resources. All
unexploited major storage sites should be reserved for coming generations under a
definite plan of phasing. Only those sites be harnessed which cater to the needs of arid
and semi-arid areas.5
iii) Dry farming technology should be adopted on a big scale.

4 Shankar Guha Niyogi, Sangharsh Aur Nirmaan, Rajkamal, New Delhi

5 RC Deo

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iv) Preservation of existing forest be done with more strict laws, electronic sensing device
should be installed and entry of vehicles, bullock cart, livestock should be controlled
through beacon relay system.
v) Adopting a mix of strategies for proper management and maintenance of existing dams
and canals6.
a. Modernizing existing dams and canals.
b. Implementing watershed management schemes to check erosion and consequent
silting.
c. Canal lining and proper drainage.
d. Implementing scientific command area development with main emphasis on water
management.
e. Conjunctive use of canal and ground water.
f. Introducing sprinkler irrigation techniques

(VII) We should recognize the fact that the real slack lies in the 75 per cent of farm land
which is still unirrigated. This rural India, devoid of the impact of state-supported
agriculture, contributes shockingly low agricultural yields year after year. Here, there is
still unlimited scope for development-innovations of various kinds that are within the
reach of crores of peasant-farmers and small holders7. For a small landholder, the rain
that directly falls on his field as well as in the adjacent areas is of immense value. He
looks at the rain and helplessly watches it going down the drain. Here in lies an
opportunity to promote localization and decentralization of an important development
activity i.e., small-scale water development. This may broadly be defined as rain water
harvesting or runoff agriculture with conjunctive use of ground water8

6 RC Deo
7 72 Niyog report
8 RC Deo, op cit

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In the adoption of any particular small-scale water technology, due consideration should
be given to unique local conditions. While NGOs see the small scale techniques as
complete solutions in themselves, others argue that small-scale technologies should be
taken only as supplement and not as substitute to conventional irrigation works.

viii) Small-scale water technology promises to give 90 per cent employment results
against the expenditure incurred on such projects9. Thus the much-needed employment
opportunities in the rural areas can be increased manifold. Their massive implementation
can quickly transform the rural economy of large parts of the country. Our system of
democratic planning can provide for active participation of the people in these ventures.
The future of the country depends on where, how and in what measure we get this cooperation75.

ix) The undulating terrain of Chhattisgarh and the high proportion of area under uplands
and fallows in the midlands fundamentally require multipurpose projects with energized
extraction of water
. x) Water for irrigation must receive subsidy till such time that food insecurity and
livelihood shortfalls are addressed in part by higher productivity. The state must continue
to determine policy tarrif
xi) The state must continue the financing of water resources projects since, in any case,
the private sector uses state/public sector banking to finance its investments.

xii) Panchayati Raj institutions and municipalities must be designated the institutions
vested with the ownership of common property resources at the local level, with full
accountability to the gram sabha. Water users associations must be accountable and led
by elected local bodies.

xiii) Water resources development must be integrated with land use planning and
agricultural development for reducing drought vulnerability.

9 Niyogi,

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As we know that in micro irrigation the important factor is groundwater level of the
area ,through this the farmer use that water for their purposes like in drip irrigation
system ,sprinkle system in this bar graph I have tried to give the view of positional of
chattisgarh in micro level irrigation system which is presented in bore well and dug well
the changes has been depicted

STATUS OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT

The present Ground Water Development in the district has been
calculated for command area and non-command area separately for

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each block. All the blocks in the study area have been categorized as
safe from ground water abstraction point of view. The non-command
areas of Bhatapara and Tilda blocks show significantly higher
development than the command areas. The overall ground water
development in the district is moderate except for the Dharsiwa block
which has a higher stage of development. This may be attributed to
the high stage of development in the Raipur urban area. The ground
water development is 36.7% for Raipur district and 31.08% for the
entire state of Chhattisgarh. The district as a whole and each individual
blocks are safe from ground water development point of view. The ground water
development in the district is being done by dug wells and borewells. The dug well depth
varies from 5 to 20 m and the diameter varies from 1 to 4 m. The bore wells drilled in the
area are 60 to 150 m deep with diameter of 100 to 150 mm. Ground water is the main
source of drinking in the district covering 2134 no. of villages. In all 23944 no. of tube
wells and 22664 no. of dug wells exist in the district (2011-12). Together they irrigate
around 55133 ha. The contribution of ground water for irrigation comes to nearly 15.22%
of the net irrigated area and 18.32% of the gross irrigated area in the district. The
contribution of ground water for irrigation comes to nearly 10.25% of the net sown area.
The use of ground water for irrigation purpose in non-command area is maximum. The
ground water development in the district is mainly for domestic and irrigation purposes.
Nearly 75% of the population is living in the rural areas. The stage of ground water
development is of the order of 36.70%. The stage of ground water development estimated
for Abhanpur block is 44.14%, for Arang block is 35.51%, for Baloda Bazar block is
45.06%, for Bhatapara block is 33.58%,for Bilaigarh block is 21.69%, for Chhura block
is 39.40%, for Deoghog block is 31.23%, for Dharsinwa block is 68.22%,

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Development of kharif and rabi crop

Betterment of agriculture farmers is simply not possible without the expansion of
irrigation facilities. The State Government has always taken it as its priority to ensure
proper utilization of water-resources for expanding total area of irrigated land in State,
officials stated. As a result of several measures, the irrigation capacity of State has
increased from 20 per cent to 34.20 per cent. During Kharif season, the actual irrigated
area in State expanded from 5.35 lakhs hectare to 11.70 lakh hectare. Nearly 74.19 per
cent of the total irrigation capacity of State is being utilized for kharif crops, which is far
better than many States of the country, officials claimed.
A decade back, water supply for irrigation of only 11,000 hectares was available during
Rabi season. Now the capacity has expanded by 10 times. Presently, the State has
availability of water supply sufficient for irrigation of nearly 1.10 lakh hectare of land. In
kharif and rabi season, 67 per cent of the total irrigation capacity of State is utilised. The
State Government has facilitated water-supply to agricultural farms of State through its
eight big, 35 medium and 2390 small irrigation schemes. Construction of Anicuts and
stop dams has proved beneficial for drinking water supply, irrigation, effluents and
groundwater conservation.
State government projects and schems in development
The State Government has given preference to construction of Anicuts and stop dams on
rivers and pond. Till date, as many as 383 Anicuts have been constructed on various
rivers of the State. Presently, construction of eight big, four medium and 343 small
irrigation schemes is in progress. A total of 325 new Anicuts are also under construction.
Out of the six barrages under construction at Mahanadi for industrial purpose,

construction of Samoda and Mirauni barrages are in the final stage of completion.
Top work of Kelo extensive irrigation project in Raigarh has been already completed.
This project has enabled irrigation of 23,000 hectares. This year, Rs50 crore has been
provisioned for modernization and expansion of the Hasdeo Bango project in Korba
district. Hasdeo Bango Project is a multipurpose extensive irrigation project. Entire
construction works under this project have been completed. As per the scheme, Hasdeo
Bango project will enable irrigation facility for 800 villages of Korba, Janjgir-Champa
and Raigarh district. From this project, another project called Arpa-Bhainsajhar

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extensive project worth Rs625 crores have also been started, which has created additional

irrigation capacity of 25 thousand hectare.

A sum of Rs10 crores have been provisioned for electricity line extension so as to
electrify the irrigation pumps placed in water collection area of 150 Anicuts, constructed
for expansion of irrigation capacity. To encourage micro irrigation, State funded Micro
Irrigation Scheme has been started. Under this scheme, farmers are granted 75 per cent
of the unit cost. Ambitious Kelo Extensive Project of Raigarh district has been completed

and action plan is being made to supply water for irrigation of 25,000 hectares.
Kosarteda irrigation water reservoir in tribal populated Bastar area of the State, which
was lying under-constructed since long, was eventually completed in June 2008. This
scheme created irrigation capacity of 9,500 hectares in tribal areas. Keeping in view Naya
Raipur Project Areas demand of drinking water-supply by 2040, two Anicuts have been
constructed in village Tila and Ravar on River Mahanadi. Action plan has been chalked
out to utilize groundwater sources in Chhattisgarh. At present, 34.87 per cent ground

water is being utilized for agriculture and other works.

Under various beneficiary oriented schemes, State Government has provided irrigation
facility for 12,625 hectares area through 2525 tube-wells. Field channel plays important
role in supplying water to fields for irrigation through canals. Using field channel system,
wastage of water is prevented through lining. Till date, lining of more than 11 lakh meters
has been done in various areas of Chhattisgarh. Mutual Participation Water Management
Scheme has been started to ensure participation of farmers in irrigation management. The
member farmers of water consumer associations have been entrusted with the

responsibility of irrigation management.

In view of long-term development of water resources, master plan of rivers and other
water bodies for year 2025 have been prepared. To minimize the gap between developed
irrigation capacity and actual irrigation capacity, old irrigation schemes are to be
renewed. For which, Chhattisgarh Irrigation Development Project has been started with
the aid received from Asian Development Bank. Chhattisgarh Governments Drip
Irrigation Scheme, Micro Irrigation Scheme and Sprinkler Scheme have greatly
contributed in expanding the area of cultivation and yield of horticulture crops, officials
stated.

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Under Sprinkler Scheme, total 38,995 farmers were benefited whereas under drip
irrigation scheme, 9000 farmers were benefited. Last year, nearly 16.98 lakh farmers
received grants under various beneficiary-oriented schemes. Under Drip-Irrigation
Scheme initiated in year 2005-06, subsidy of 75 per cent is provided to small and
marginal farmers and that of 50 per cent is provided to big farmers for installation of drip

instrument.
Till date, about 38,640 farmers have been benefited under Sprinkler Irrigation Scheme
and nearly 7,126 farmers have availed the provisions of Drip Irrigation Scheme. Statesponsored Micro-Irrigation Scheme was initiated in year 2102-13. The efforts of the
Chhattisgarh Government to convince farmers to even grow fruits and vegetables had
already started paying dividends. The area under cultivation of vegetables has increased
from 3.13 lakh hectares to 3.51 lakh hectare, while production from the same has

increased from 3.69 lakh metric tonnes to 4.58 lakh metric tonnes so far, officials stated.
This apart, under the scheme initiated to encourage small farmers engaged in vegetable
cultivation on river banks, the State government also provides subsidy of Rs4700 per 0.4
hectare. The State Government initiated two new schemes in year 2012-13 to increase the
income of horticulture farmers. Moreover, the State Government also provides subsidy of
Rs13,500 for installation of drip-irrigation scheme in 500 sq metre in farms of BPL and

marginal farmers, officials stated.

In 2009-10, total area under cultivation of fruits in the State was 1.47 lakh hectares and
total production from the same was 12.14 lakh metric tonnes which increased to 1.85 lakh

hectare and 15.69 lakh metric tonnes respectively in 2011-12.

Chhattisgarh has great prospects for horticulture crops as well. To explore this potential,
state Government is providing every possible aid to the farmers for cultivation of fruits,
vegetables and spices, officials stated. Area of cultivation for horticulture crops has
increased by eight times in last 10 years. In 2003-04, the total area under cultivation of
horticulture crops was 92 thousand 176 hectare, which increased to 7.25 lakh hectares in

2013-14.
Agriculture has become an occupation of profit in Chhattisgarh. Adhering to the motto of
Prosperous farmers- Prosperous Chhattisgarh, State Government has laid a strong
foundation of all-round agricultural development. Several beneficial schemes have been
started to reduce the general input cost of cultivation, they stated.

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CONCLUSION

After going by the detail analysis of Micro irrigation its elements and the steps which are
taken by the state government for amelioration of agriculture in Chhattisgarh i am here to
conclude that the government officials have taken assiduous steps for betterment of
agriculture, there have a conspicuous growth in states Irrigation Efficacy of the state, with
reference to kharif crop deleveopment under micro irrigation is proved to be benediction
for the state as its production is increased to 11.70 lakh hectors and at same time 10 times
growth is noticed in rabi crops which shows that meticulous steps have been taken by the
government in this sector through DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM ,Sprinkle Irrigation
System and anicuts . The efforts of the Chhattisgarh Government to convince farmers to
even grow fruits and vegetables had already started paying dividends. The area under
cultivation of vegetables has increased from 3.13 lakh hectares to 3.51 lakh hectare, while
production from the same has increased from 3.69 lakh metric tonnes to 4.58 lakh metric
tons so far, officials stated. By this project al last i do encomium of c.g government for
endeavourer for development in agriculture sector.

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Reference

agricoop.nic.in/Policy Incentives/microirrigation.htm
www.hunterindustries.com/product-line/micro-irrigation
www.sswm.info
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