State of the field

In the industry are carried out different types of processes, In which it is necessary
that the heat to be transferred from one place to another or good, from one fluid to
other. The mechanical, chemical, nuclear, food systems between others are useful
the heat exchangers, since in a mechanical process an exchange of fluids is
carried out to its best performance, the heat exchangers are external divices to a
system that allow to carried out the measurement of temperatura, flow and
pressure for a better control of the operation of the machinery or any other process
where useful a heat exchanger. [1]
The interchanger of heat is a component that allows the transfer of heat a fluid be
already liquid or a gas to another type of fluids. The main reasons for which is used
a heat heat exchanger are:
Heat a cold fluid through a fluid with higher temperature.
Reduce the temperature of a fluid using a fluid with lower temperatura.
Lead to the point of boiling to a fluid through a fluid with higher temperatura.
Condense a fluid in a gaseous state by means of a fluid cold.
lead to the boiling point to a fluid while a gaseous fluid becomes condensed
with major temperature.
The main functioning of a heat interchanger is the heat transfer, where all fluids
involved must be at different temperaturas. In a heat exchanger must be taken into
account that the only heat is transferred in one direction, the fluid with a higher
temperature to the lower temperature fluid.
In a heat exchanger fluids used are not in contact with each other, The heat is
transferred from the fluid with higher temperature toward the lower temperature
when both are combined fluids in thermal contact with the metallic walls that
separate. [1]

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION HEAT EXCHANGER

At present there are various types of heat exchangers, which are represented in a
variety of shapes and sizes, the heat interchangers split into two categories that
are: [1]

Helmet and tube.

License plate.

The heat exchangers day with day going to evolve to have a better and greater
yield at the time of the use within an industrial process, with the help of new
technologies heat exchanger is continuously evolving to compensate the needs
that arise within industries.
Nowadays there exist diverse companies which devote themselves to the
construction of such interchangers of heat like:

Bayonet-type heat exchanger.

The exchangers of bayonet type are used to heat with steam water from a
storage tank, usually its manufacture is mainly copper and stainless. [2]

FIGURE 1 HEAT EXCHANGER TYPE BAYONET

EXCHANGER COOLERS

The exchangers coolers arise due to the high demand that exists within the
industries, main mind is used to cool a big oils variety for machines of
injection of plastic, Reducers of gears, hydraulic machines. [2]

FIGURE 2 EXCHANGER COOLER

HEAT EXCHANGER HELMET AND TUBE

At present the heat exchanger of helmet and tube, It is a very common
equipment in the industry for your processes. Since it has demonstrated a
big performance along the history of the transference, It is very versatile and
has many applications within the industry. [2]

FIGURE 3 HEAT EXCHANGER HELMET AND TUBE

HEAT EXCHANGER PLATE TYPE

The heat exchangers plate type in particular are widely used in the industry
that is focused on the food, pharmaceutical, among other companies, due to
their great efficiency These heat exchangers are very efficient during its use
in the industry. [2]

FIGURE 4 HEAT EXCHANGER PLATE TYPE

The exchangers more common within the industry are the hull and tube and the
type plates, both are a fundamental tool for the industry already that in which it is
necessary to have this type of equipment for a better operation of your machinery.
The exchangers of type helmet and tube consist of a set of pipes into a container
that is called helmet. The flow of fluids inside the tubes is commonly referred to as
internal flow, is one that flows in the interior of the container as fluid of old or fluid
external. In the ends of the pipes, the internal flow is separated from the fluid
outside the helmet or the bales of the tube. The pipes are secured or soldan to a
plate to provide a proper seal.
On systems where the two fluids have a big difference between their pressures,
the liquid with increased pressure is made circular typically through tubes and
liquid with a lower pressure circulates from the side of the helmet. This is because
the cost of material, the tubes of the heat exchanger can be manufactured to
withstand higher pressures than supporting the helmet of the heat exchanger with
a lower cost. Support plates as shown in figure (5) also act as baffles to direct the
flow of the liquid inside the shell forward and backward through the tubes. [1]

FIGURE 5 HEAT EXCHANGER HELMET AND TUBE

Heat exchangers of type plate, as shown in figure (6), consists of plates instead of
tubes to separate the two fluids in hot and cold, hot and cold liquids are alternated
between each of the plates and the bales direct the flow of liquid between the
plates, since each of the plates has a very large surface area plates provide an
extremely large area of heat each of the liquid transfer. [1]
A heat exchanger of the plate is able to transfer much more heat with respect to a
heat exchanger of the hull and tube with volume similar, this is due to the plates
provide a larger area to transfer that which provides the pipes with volume similar.
The heat exchanger of the plate, due to the high efficiency in the heat transfer, is
much smaller than the housing and tubes for the same capacity of heat exchange.
[1]

FIGURE 6 PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

[1] http://www.cie.unam.mx/~ojs/pub/HeatExchanger/Intercambiadores.pdf
[2] http://www.itisamexico.com.mx/fabricacion-de-intercambiadores.html

http://www.itisamexico.com.mx/fabricacion-de-serpentines.html
http://www.cie.unam.mx/~ojs/pub/HeatExchanger/Intercambiadores.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxhsoU2mO50