ARTICLE IN PRESS

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

11 (2007) 12751287
www.elsevier.com/locate/rser

Regional energy planning through SWOT analysis

and strategic planning tools.
Impact on renewables development
J. Terrados, G. Almonacid, L. Hontoria
Research Group IDEA, Polytechnics School, Campus Las Lagunillas, Edificio A3, University of Jaen,
23071 Jaen, Spain
Received 17 August 2005; accepted 24 August 2005

Abstract
Strategic planning processes, which are commonly used as a tool for region development and
territorial structuring, can be harnessed by politicians and public administrations, at the local level,
to redesign the regional energy system and encourage renewable energy development and
environmental preservation. In this sense, the province of Jaen, a southern Spanish region whose
economy is mainly based on olive agriculture, has carried out its strategic plan aiming at a major
socioeconomic development. Under the leadership of the provincial government and the University
of Jaen, main provincial institutions joined to propose the elaboration of a participatory strategic
plan for the whole province. Here, the elaboration of the energy part of the plan, which was directly
focused on the exploitation of renewable resources, mainly solar and biomass energy, and which
highlights the effectiveness of techniques from business management applied to a sustainable energy
model design is presented. Renewable Energy development during the rst years of plan execution is
presented, and the impact of additional issues is discussed. It is concluded that, although multicriteria
decision-making technologies (MCDA) are extensively used in energy planning, a different approach
can be utilized to incorporate techniques from strategic analysis. Furthermore, SWOT (strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis has proved to be an effective tool and has constituted
a suitable baseline to diagnose current problems and to sketch future action lines.
r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Strategic planning; SWOT analysis; Renewable energy planning

Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 953 212825; fax: +34 953 212334.

E-mail address: jcepeda@ujaen.es (J. Terrados).

1364-0321/$ - see front matter r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.rser.2005.08.003

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Contents
1.
2.

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewable energy planning techniques at the regional level .
2.1. Multicriteria decision techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2. Delphi techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3. Territorial and rural energy planning methods . . . . .
3. The strategic plan for Jaen province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Development of energy planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Final structure of the plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Key issues in the planning process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Impact on energy system and RES development . . . . . . . . .
8. Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1. Introduction
Strategic planning is currently an extended tool for regional development and territorial
structuring. Cities, regions and provinces have carried out their strategic plans on the basis
of participation processes, which have driven the later development of their territories.
Jaen province constitutes a southern Spanish region of 13,000 km2 and with more than
600,000 inhabitants belonging to the Andalusian community. Its economy is mainly based
on olive agriculture and olive oil production; in fact, Jaen region is currently the world
leader in olive oil production. The need for major territorial growth was the key issue for
the main political, academic and economic institutions to join and propose the elaboration
of a participatory strategic plan in order to foster socioeconomic development of the whole
province. The document that was nally released in June 2000, designed a future growth
based on dynamism, natural resources preservation and environmental quality [1].
Processes and tools, used to elaborate the energy part of the strategic plan for Jaen
province (SPJP), are presented and the efciency of techniques from entrepreneurial
management sciences for the design of a new energy model, more sustainable and
environmentally respectful is emphasized. The use of planning tools usually constrained to
business administration has reproved to be a useful help for renewable energy sources
(RES) planning and further development.
RES advance in the plan execution period is also presented, and the impact of additional
issues are discussed. In this way, the inuence of other elementsthe existence of a PV
R&D group at Jaen University, the role of the provincial Energy management Agency and
the changes in national legal frame for PV electricity retributionPV development drivers
is assessed.

2. Renewable energy planning techniques at the regional level

Different approaches have been used for renewable planning purposes at the regional
level. We present in this section some examples of remarkable ways to address sustainable
planning. Multicriteria decision techniques, Delphi surveys and territorial energy planning
constitutes the most referred approaches on literature.

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2.1. Multicriteria decision techniques

Multicriteria decision techniques were developed profusely in the 1960s. Classic methods
came from that decade in which goal programming and elimination and choice translating
reality (ELECTRE) methods were proposed. In the 1970s, new methods and renements
of existing ones were developed, and nally in the 1980s, support from computer sciences
has allowed a fast growth in applications and results from multiple criteria decisionmaking (MCDA) techniques.
Under the scope of the energy, initially one-criteria approaches were used for planning
purposes, focused on demand forecast and the search of an efcient low-cost supply forms.
Nevertheless, since early 1980s, the need to incorporate social impact and environmental
issues on energy planning has encouraged the use of multicriteria decision techniques.
Data compiled by Pohekar and Ramachandran [2] shows that Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP), Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation
(PROMETHEE) and ELECTRE method have been widely used in energy planning. They
reviewed and analyzed more than 90 published papers and concluded, concerning MCDA
methods, that AHP is the most popular technique, followed by PROMETHEE and
ELECTRE.
ELECTRE method is based on the outranking relations established between each pair
of alternatives. Concordance matrix and discordance matrix are then elaborated to
generate a selection or a ranking of the different alternatives. It has been successfully used
for renewable energy planning as shown by Beccali et al. [3]. They assessed an action
plan for the diffusion of renewable energy technologies at the regional scale, using a
multicriteria approach with 12 evaluation criteria.
2.2. Delphi techniques
Delphi techniques have also been a popular tool for preparing forecasts and planning
purposes. It is being used as an effective method in long-term planning related to
sustainable development In this sense, Shiftan et al. [4] suggest the use of two scenarios
constructed by means of a Delphi expert-based survey. Other authors, as Popper and
Dayal [5] propose the utilization of Delphi, assisted by a web-based survey, combined
and supported by a geographical information system (GIS) to promote sustainable
development in developing countries.
2.3. Territorial and rural energy planning methods
Participatory approaches for energy planning implementation have been extensively
used in rural areas and developing countries. Example for a rural energy development
planning in India is presented by Neudoerffer et al. [6], who verify that energy programmes
launched by Indian government have got limited success due to the lack of mechanisms to
assure the implication of nal users, and present the main conclusion of a research project
to develop planning methodologies and tools to facilitate public participation. Anderson
and Doig [7] also highlight the importance of participation techniques to implement, in a
successful way, energy plans and projects at rural areas.
The case of Jaen province, which is presented in this article, conrms the suitability of
these kinds of approaches when society implication is essential.

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3. The strategic plan for Jaen province

Elaboration of the SPJP began with the commitment of the provincial government in the
project. In 1997, provincial authorities formally approved the proposal to elaborate a
strategic plan to foster territorial development. Since this proposal, a negotiation process
started among most relevant institutions in order to shape the initial idea, to establish the
structure and to dene organization and project terms.
Both the provincial government and the University of Jaen took lead of the project and
created a foundation called strategies for economic and social development of Jaen
province that took charge of the whole project management. This was the starting point
for most relevant institutions at the provincial level to join to the newly created foundation
and collaborate in the ambitious project of territorial strategic planning.
A sequentially phased programme was established (Fig. 1), trying to assure, on one
hand, the technical consistency of the plan and, on the other hand, the massive
participation of the provincial community. Technical consistency was pursued through a
diagnosis phase based on expert working groups, and the implication for the community
was addressed by means of a collective participation phase specically designed to
encourage participation in working tables. Political implication and commitment was also
pursued. In this way, an approval phase, where each political institution assumed its
compromise with plan execution, was nally carried out.
The project was nally achieved in June 2000. It designed a future regional growth based
on dynamism, natural resources preservation and environmental quality [1]. The strategic
plan was nally approved by the Foundation Management Board in July, 2000. It was
structured through the following: a general objective, four strategic axes, 34 promotion
programmes, a 163 performance lines and 215 strategic projects.
From the main objective statement, to transform Jaen into an economically dynamic
province, territorially balanced, socially focused on solidarity, advanced and culturally
creative, committed to environment preservation, bastion and point of reference for olive
oil, interior tourism and environmental quality, the plan guides the desirable provincial
energy system towards a sustainable model, based on autochthonous resources mainly
from the olive oil industrial sector.
During the subsequent deployment, such a model is materialized in ve promotion
programmes, 12 performance lines and 19 strategic projects oriented in a specic way
towards the provincial energy structure redesign and the bid for renewable energy.

Preliminary Phase
Diagnosis and initial reports elaboration Phase
Collective participation Phase
Synthesis Phase
Plan Approval Phase
Fig. 1. Strategic plan development phases.

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4. Development of energy planning

At the beginning of the diagnosis phase, a series of technical expert groups was
appointed in each of the technical areas to be addressed by the strategic plan (Table 1).
One of these groups was responsible for analyzing the territory status within the area of
infrastructures, energy, urban development and environment. It was constituted in
December 1998, including representation from the university, the energy agency and the
provincial government. Group members maintained up to 22 working meetings during the
whole process and they elaborated rst, in 4 months, an initial report that was issued and
presented publicly.
Afterwards, a collective participation phase began, and the technical report was put for
later discussion to allow collaborators, who voluntarily had become involved in the
reection process, to analyze it and to contribute new ideas to the debate. Finally,
the technical group reprocessed the initial report, collecting the contributions and the
suggestions of the collaborators, incorporating new proposals, clarifying some of the
existing ones, and omitting those that were not considered pertinent. The nal document
concerning the energy area was approved in the month of March, 2000.
It is important to emphasize that the work sessions followed an interdisciplinary
method, where ideas exposed by anyone of the group members were submitted to different
scientic and/or technical interpretations from any other eld. In this way, results were
enriched by the manifold approaches under which the proposals were analyzed.
The diagnosis of the energy system was structured through a SWOT matrix (Table 1), in
which the weaknesses, strengths, threats and most relevant opportunities that must be
faced by the provincial energy system were shown. This kind of analytic tool is often used
in participatory planning approaches, although it was originally developed for strategic
planning in business and marketing purposes. It must be taken into account that SWOT is
only a tool and has to be based on a sound knowledge of the present situation and trends
(Table 2).
SWOT analysis for energy allowed to establish, as the following step, problems that had
to be faced by the energy area, as well as the suitable strategies that could overcome such
problems. For this purpose, a problems tree was elaborated (Fig. 2), arranging in the form
of a family tree the main weaknesses of the provincial energy system, grouping them under

Table 1
Technical areas within strategic plan development
Technical area

Number of experts

Number of meetings

Society and labour market

Infrastructures, energy, urban development and
environment
Olive agriculture and olive oil production
Industry
Trade business
Tourism
Culture
Technical report: Cattle raising and other agriculture

6
5

24
22

4
6
2
3
6
1

8
18
10
10
11

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Table 2
SWOT matrix for energy
Strengths
F.1 High solar radiation
F.2 Large amount of agricultural and industrial
biomass
F.3 High exploitation of hydroelectricity in
Guadalquivir river basin
F.4 Great tradition in solar energy research and
development
F.5 Existence of the energy management agency of
Jaen province
F.6 High value of natural heritage, that favours
clean energies development

Weaknesses
D.1 Lack of fossil energy resources
D.2 Limited installed power for electrical generation

Opportunities
O.1 Existence of industrial sectors suitable for
installing cogeneration processes
O.2 Suitable climate for the successful application of
bioclimatic criteria
O.3 Existence of applicable funds to invest in energy
system development
O.4 Existence of susceptible areas for wind energy
development
O.5 Existence of subsidies to electricity production
with renewable sources in the new Spanish electrical
market

Threats
A.1 Progressive environmental deterioration

D.2 Insufcient infrastructure for natural gas

distribution
D.4 Low sensitiveness to energy saving
D.5 There is no individual awareness for Renewable
Energy utilisation
D.6 Buildings are not constructed with bioclimatic
criteria
D.7 Renewable energy business sector is weak
D.8 Low quality of electricity on determined areas
D.9. Absence of nancial mechanisms to endeavour
RES penetration
D.10 Dependency of an unique high voltage
injection to the provincial electricity network

A.2 Excessive dependency on fossil fuels

A.3 Risk of energy resources price increase

the headline: Centralized energy system, incomplete, hardly respectful with the environment
and with scarce autochthonous resources utilization.
Directly derived from that problems tree, as an objectives tree was depicted that allowed
to obtain the strategies and performance lines routed to the solution of detected problems.
This objectives tree-structured strategies came under the general mission: To improve the
energy efficiency and the energy supply conditions as local development and environment
conservation element. Finally, in the third place, each one of the strategic projects
designed to reach the previously outlined objectives were presented .
Despite the fact that the most usual tools in energy planning are based on multicriteria
decision analysis techniques that have demonstrated their effectiveness in a signicant
amount of situations [2], the use of SWOT analysis in the development of the strategic plan
permitted a correct comprehension of the provincial energy situation and served as a basis
for objectives and strategies proposal. In fact, the use of SWOT analysis encouraged the
discussion and criteria contrast among group members in the elaboration process of the
sectors of the matrix as well as in the subsequent review for the development of the
problems tree and the objectives tree. This quality, already commented on by some authors
[8], favoured the elaboration of the diagnosis and the interdisciplinar coherence.

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Centralized energy system, incomplete, hardly respectful with the environment and with scarce autochthonous resources utilization.

Energy resources
wastefulness

Incomplete energy distribution

on determined areas.

Industrial systems
and processes
hardly efficient

Natural Gas Transport and

distribution network covers
only half of the territory

Lack of autochthonous
resources exploitation

Excessive dependency on
external energy resources

Lack of fossil
energy resources

There is no individual
awareness for Renewable
Energy utilisation

Electricity
production is low
Deficiencies on electricity
transport and distribution
network

Buildings are not

constructed with
bioclimatic criteria

Solar radiation is not

properly utilised
Low use of solar
thermal energy

Dependency of an unique
high voltage injection to
the provincial electricity
network

There is no
consciousness on
energy saving

Limited
competitiveness of
photovoltaic solar
energy

Deficiencies on distribution
network

Lack of public initiatives to

promote energy saving and
Renewable energies

Biomass resources
are not exploited

Limited research on
new autochthonous
energy resources

Absence of new hydraulic

resources utilisation

There is no planning for

wind energy utilisation

Low research
and testing on
energy crops

Lack of infrastructure for

the exploitation of
agricultural and forest
residues

Lack of
infrastructure for the
exploitation of
industrial residues

Lack of an specialised
Research Centre

Fig. 2. Problems tree of provincial energy system.

5. Final structure of the plan

Along the synthesis phase, the strategic plan was structured as a deployment of
promotion programs, performance lines and strategic projects (Table 3).
Project denition included, in most of the cases, the quantication of the objective goals
(Table 4). Among these objectives, the following can be highlighted: the installation of
100 MW of power in plants electrical generation with biomass; to reach 1 MW of PV gridconnected installed power; to obtain the annual installation of 10,500 m2 of thermal solar
panels; or to reach 50 MW installed in Wind Energy systems.
The quantication, in terms of energy, of the specically set strategic plan goals, lead us
to foresee an electricity yield of 1226 GWh from renewable sources (Table 5). It is
interesting to check that this gure matches the extrapolation to provincial level, using the
population as extrapolation ratio, of the Spanish and Andalusian objectives set by the
respective energy plans.
The National Renewable Energy Plan [9], published by the Spanish government in 1999,
xed a national goal for the electricity yield from renewables of 76,597 GWh by 2010, and
the Andalusian Energy Plan [10] has recently established a regional goal of 12,356 GWh.
Taking into account that the Jaen region population is 1.62% out of the Spanish

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Table 3
Final structure of the energy part of the Plan [1]
Promotion programmes
Program 3.
Improvement of infrastructures that support provincial industry
Program 5.
To drive a sustainable model for economic development
Program 25.
Diversication of infrastructures, urban spaces and natural ecosystems
Program 26.
Fitting, improvement and maintenance of infrastructures and natural and urban heritage
Program 27.
To stimulate a larger social and political awareness on urban development, infrastructures, and
environmental scopes.
Performance lines
03.3. To increase current infrastructures network
05.1. Exploitation and utilization of by-products and residues, from agriculture and industry
05.3. To favour a sustainable development model at provincial Natural Parks
25.6. To increase the installed capacity for electricity generation
25.7. Exploitation of autochthonous energy resources
25.8. Extension and improvement of natural gas supply
26.6. Improvement of electricity supply
26.7. Saving and energy efciency
27.5. Increase of the environmental policies efciency and impulse of local administration environmental
management
27.6. Impulse of the shared responsibility concept in the solution of the territorial environmental problems
27.7. Social and political implication for the efcient and rational use of energy resources
27.8. Improvement and diffusion of knowledge concerning environment and sustainable use of natural
resources

population and 8.92% of the Andalusian population, a simple extrapolation gives us

reference gures of 1240 and 1102 GWh, respectively.
The energy diagnosis of the plan [11] concluded xing as the long-term high-priority
items the energy diversication, fundamentally based on natural gas and autochthonous
renewable resources, the improvement of gas and electricity networks, the political and
social awareness to drive an environment-friendly energy development, and the research
and education on renewable energy matters.
6. Key issues in the planning process
Three issues can be highlighted as the most important for planning success purposes:
community participation, interdisciplinarity and SWOT methodology.
Participation of the community was the most important factor for the successful
completion of the strategic plan. More than 500 people were involved in the whole strategic
plan development, coming from different business sectors, universities, local administrations, etc. With respect to the energy area, more than a hundred people were members of
the Energy collaborators board.
Interdisciplinary method followed by the expert group work sessions was also
fundamental in assuring scientic consistency. Proposals and new ideas were submitted
to different scientic and/or technical interpretations.
Finally, methodology based on SWOT analysis for the diagnosis of the energy system
assured a comprehensive outline of the regional energy situation and a complete set of
strategies deployment (Table 6).

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Table 4
List of strategic projects and goals dened [1]
Strategic projects

Goal to
meet

015.

Extension of natural gas transport and distribution network

016.

To increase the capacity of the high and medium voltage electricity grid, to guarantee
supply and industrial development
Exploitation of biomass resources for the installation of electricity generation plants
Installation of cogeneration plants in thermal energy consuming industrial sectors
Establishing of the necessary structures for the complete exploitation of agricultural
and forest residues
Establishing of the necessary structures for the energy exploitation of residues from
cattle raising and industry
Wind energy planning of Jaen province
Promotion of solar photovoltaic grid-connected systems
Promotion of energy crops in marginal lands
Legal normative to encourage domestic solar water heating systems in new buildings
To increase the use of isolated PV systems for the electrication of rural housings and
facilities
Application of energy saving and efciency criteria in buildings
To encourage the recovery of small hydraulic plants

80% of
population

019.
020.
021.
022.
023.
024.
025.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
145.
146.
154.
155.

To transform AGENER into the provincial energy agency

Installation of a second 220 kV injection to electricity transport grid
Improvement of the electrical distribution grid to increase supply quality
TIEPI 2.11
Diffusion and training campaigns in energy saving and renewable energies
Research and technological development institute dedicated to exploitation and
conservation of natural resources

100 MW
130 MW
Y/N
Y/N
50 MW
1 MW

10,500 m2
Y/N

Rehab.
Plan
Y/N
Y/N

Y/N
Y/N

Table 5
Electrical generation objectives of the strategic plan

Hydraulics (Po10 MW)

Hydraulics (P410 MW)
Wind energy
Biomass
Solar photovoltaic

Goal 2007 (MW)

Equivalent hours

Electricity yield
(GWh)

60
137.56
50
100
1

2000
1850
2295
7353
1514

120
254.49
114.75
735.3
1514

Total energy yield

1226.05

7. Impact on energy system and RES development

The reality dened in the energy diagnosis of the plan was a rm and accurate basis to
advance and to enhance the energy structure. The situation shown by SWOT matrix
reveals the real status of the energy system and could be, with broad strokes, applicable to

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Table 6
Participation and working table meetings held
Working table

Number of
participants

Number of
meetings

Society and labour market

Infrastructures, energy, urban development and environment
Olive agriculture and olive oil production
Industry
Trade business
Tourism
Culture

123
119
46
63
26
76
118

6
8
3
4
2
3
7

present situation [12], although it must be highlighted that in many aspects, mostly related
to RES development, it has improved considerably and the region is on the way to settling
many of the weaknesses expressed in the document.
Regarding the electricity supply system, we can verify that the electrical generation
capacity has been improved, through the installation of about 80 MW of new power, out of
which 30.5 MW corresponds to biomass and biogas facilities; 15.2 to wind energy farms;
0.64 of PVGC and the rest to cogeneration plants. It has also improved the quality of
supply, the infrastructure for natural gas supply has been increased and it is in the process
of solving the weaknesses of the electricity transport and distribution network.
In this way, the amount of electricity produced in the province of Jaen during the year
2003 covered more than 40 per cent of consumed electricity, and a half of this percentage
was obtained by means of autochthonous renewable resources (hydraulic, biomass, wind
and photovoltaic). Evolution of the energy system, concerning RES electrical generation,
is shown in Table 7. It can be noticed that an electricity yield of 369 GWh by renewable
sources (without taking into account hydraulics1 plants) would represent 14.25 per cent of
total electrical energy consumption, having increased the contribution by 140 per cent in
the last 4 years.
A remarkable behaviour has currently been observed in PV development. In the last 3
years, Jaen province has been able to triplicate the total amount of PVGC power installed.
The number of grid-connected systems has increased from two plants adding up to 200 kW
in the year 2000 to 14 plants amounting to more than 600 kW, while stand-alone systems
are maintaining a steady growth. In this way, the objective xed in the plan has nearly been
attained.
For the next years, expectations are even better as more than 1500 kWp are currently
being projected. The implication of local governments and the nancial support from
national and regional programmes has also assisted in the improvement achieved, taking
advantage of the opportunity shown on the SWOT matrix.
In March 2004, the Spanish Royal Decree 436/2004 [13] revised the economical regime
for the electricity produced by renewable sources. The contribution for the electricity from
PV systems up to 100 MW, that is currently xed to 0.421498 h/kWh, was improved. This
new legal frame has been one of the key issues to encourage new projects and installations.
1

Data on Hydraulics has been segregated between Hydraulics plants (more than 10 MW) and Minihydraulics
(10 MW or less).

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Table 7
Evolution of the contribution of RES to electrical generation

Hydraulics P410 MW (MW)[1]

Hydraulics Po10 MW (MW)
Wind power (MW)
Biomass and biogas (MW)
PV grid connected (MW)
Estimated yield (MWh)a
Estimated yield without [1] (MWh)
Provincial consumption (MWh)
RES contribution (%)
RES contribution without [1] (%)
a

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Growth

137.56
52.2
0.0
0.0
0.20
321,500
115,200
1,934,584
16.62
5.96

137.56
52.2
0.0
9.5
0.20
388,600
182,200
2,124,466
18.29
8.58

137.56
52.2
9.2
25.5
0.21
525,900
319,500
2,286,479
23.00
13.97

137.56
52.2
15.2
25.5
0.26
540,300
333,000
2,470,760
21.87
13.52

137.56
52.2
15.2
30.5
0.64
575,900
369,600
2,594,300
22.20
14.25

0
0
15.2
30.5
0.44
79.09%
220.72%
34.10%
33.55
139.16

Electricity yield estimated through annual equivalent hours applied to installed power.

2500
Annual power
installed (kWp)
Total installed (kWp)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2002

2003

2004
Year

2005

2006

Fig. 3. Committed growth for PV grid-connected systems.

Moreover, on the local side, a collaboration agreement has been recently signed among
the provincial government, the energy management agency and the ofcial credit bank in
order to foster the implication of local municipalities in renewable energy projects, through
technical assessment and low interest rate bank loans. Following the agreement signature,
a signicant number of municipalities, assisted by the energy agency, have begun to plan
and build PVGC systems.
Analyzing the growth already achieved by grid-connected systems (Fig. 3) and assuming
a business as usual scenario for stand-alone PV systems, Jaen province will denitely see
the amount of 2500 kWp being installed by the year 2006. This gure represents a ratio of
1 kWp per 260 inhabitants. If we make an extrapolation of this ratio to the whole country,
it would mean a total amount of 154 MWp installed by the year 2006, while the goal xed
in the Spanish National Plan for Renewable Energy promotion is 144 MW, to be reached

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in the year 2010. Therefore, Jaen province will be achieving in 2006 a 107 per cent of its
contribution of the National goal established for year 2010.
8. Conclusions
Management tools habitually used in territorial strategic planning processes can be used
by public administrations as suitable tools to search and select strategies that may help
them in the redesigning of the regional energy system.
Although most usual tools in energy planning are based on multicriteria decisionmaking techniques, SWOT analysis has resulted in a successful tool for energy planning
when experts discussion and interaction is needed and a set of strategies should be
agreed upon.
Designing of SWOT matrix applied to the energy system of Jaen province was a suitable
baseline to diagnose current problems and to sketch future action lines. It has supported
the process of strategies proposal and denition, encouraging debate and confrontation of
criteria among group members and nally favouring diagnosis elaboration and
interdisciplinary coherence.
Energy planning derived from the strategic plan of Jaen province has resulted in a
driving factor for the encouragement and addressing of RES development at the local
level. In the early years of strategic plan execution, Jaen province has been able to achieve
in a signicant part of the objectives dened in the energy area. In this way, contribution of
the renewable resources to the provincial energy structure has grown signicantly. RES
electricity generation has increased by 220 per cent, with an outstanding behaviour of
PVGC system, which installed power, have been triplicated in recent years.
As a consequence, we can assert that objectives derived from the Spanish National Plan
for Renewable Energies promotion [9] will be achieved at the regional level, and the path to
comply with the European Commission White Paper [14] and with the objectives-derived
EC directive on electricity from RES [15] is pointed out.
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