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In Pakistan, cottage or household industries hold an important position in rural set-up. Most villages are selfsucient in the basic necessities of life. They have
their own carpenters, blacksmiths, potters, craftsmen and
cotton weavers. Many families depend on cottage industries for income.
6. Many districts are under-developed. With the expansion of such industries, the regional disparity in
income can be reduced.
There are meagre resources to develop large-scale industries. However, a program for developing and promoting small-scale industries both in rural and urban areas is
more feasible gure 1 shows the advantages of establishing such industries.
7. These industries make eective use of local raw materials which also promotes primary industries like
agriculture and mining.
8. Small-scale industry does not require much capital
and high technology. I.T is suited to the traditional
economic set-up.
9. Cottage and small-scale industries do not use much
imported material or equipment.
10. The waste of large-scale industries, particularly the
cotton, sugar and steel industries, can be used to
make by-products.
11. Home Decoration
1. Cottage and small-scale industries are laborintensive and provide employment to 80% of
the industrial labor force.
This reduces the There is a web of cottage and books industries. In alunemployment and oers opportunities for self- most every village, there are a number of such industries
depending upon the size of the village and the demand
employment.
for the products. The establishment of such industry is
2. Traditionally, women are not encouraged to work closely related to the availability of raw material tradioutside their homes. Cottage or small-scale in- tional skills, climatic conditions and, in several cases, the
dustries like carpet-weaving, candle-making and local specialization in the organized factory sector.
1
2.7 Woodwork
The Swat Valley is perhaps the most famous for its intricately carved architectural woodwork and furniture, although wood-carving is common throughout the northern
In the small scale industries, the most important is the mountains.
Carpet weaving and its center are located almost all over
the Pakistan. It is also signicant in economic terms and
they make valuable contribution in exports. Cotton is 2.8 Sports goods
the raw material required for this industry. They employ
women and children for the production of ne hand wo- Sports goods earn about 3.7% of our total exports. The
ven carpets and for the production of wool silk or a mix- main raw material for the sports goods industry are
ture of the two, as the carpets are of great signicance. leather and mulberry wood that are available in Punjab,
Therefore, children are employed and child labor takes but also imported PVC. Football, hockey ball, hockey
sticks, cricket bats and rackets are mostly manufactured
place.
by hand. The skilled workers are available in Sialkot
and Lahore. In the industry large and medium size factories contract work out to small-scale and cottage con2.2 Textiles
cerns.The local sports goods manufacturing industry is
one of the major source of foreign exchange earnings
Textiles are found throughout the country with a variety of Pakistan. It is centralised in and around the city of
of design and techniques. The most famous among them Sialkot, where it has ourished as a cottage industry with
are Khaddar, Susi, Khes, Chunri, Boski, Karandi, Shaal, most of its production by generations of skilled craftsand Ajrak. The designs are invariably brightly colored men. At the time of independence, this industry was in
with traditional emphasis on blue and red.
an infant stage with a nominal export of Rs. 0.82 million. The Government took immediate steps to develop
this industry by providing loans and subsidies to the manufacturers and arrangements were made to market the
2.3 Embroidery
manufactured goods. Since then, the industry has ourEmbroidery has developed to a ne art with distinctive ished locally and enjoys good reputation in the international markets as well.mostly these goods are provided to
regional designs and patterns.
fatima syed productions
2.1
2.4
Carpets
Jewelry
2.5
Ceramics
2.9
3
availed. The improvement in quality and consequently in
exports earnings has been due to the improved availability
for leather for manufacture of footballs which constitutes
about 75 per cent of the total exports. Keeping in view
the trends during 1991-98 about 23 per cent growth rate,
improved quality available and competition faced in the
international markets the future demand is expected to
growth the rate of 15 per cent during 1999-2000.[1]
Exports This industry is one of the major foreign exchange earners for Pakistan and is, therefore, receiving 2.9 Large scale Surgical instruments
full government backing in its development. It is estimated that more than 75 per cent of the total production Sialkot and Lahore are also noted for the manufacture
is exported every year.
and export of surgical instruments. The most imporIn fact, the export demand has acted as the main stimulus tant raw material is stainless steel which has to be imfor the rapid growth of this industry because of care that ported. In this industry, also, medium scale factories
goes into designing, manufacturing and selecting of raw contract work out to small-scale and cottage concerns.
materials. There are two factors which are responsible of Also like the sports goods industry, most of the output
is exported.Sialkot is the biggest surgical maker in the
this.
world and India,America,Australia and many other coun(i) Low price as compared to general price level
tries are importers of surgical instruments from this city.
(ii) Durability plus good workmanship
Sialkot has the major role in making surgical instruments
Export of sports goods increased from $136 million in
1990-91 to $384 million in 1997-98. Showing an average increase of 23 per cent annum as evident from table1. The export market for sports goods is fairly diversied. More and more countries are being added to the list
of their imports. In 1990-91 there were in all 50 countries importing these good from Pakistan. Thereafter, the
list has continuously expanded so that during the 1992-98
period, Pakistan exported sports goods to 90 countries.
However, the principal importing countries are Germany,
USA, UK, France and Italy. Others were Spain, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Denmark, Canada, Belgium, Dubai
and Chile. Country-wise export of sports goods is given
in table-2.
5
In rural areas, where the electricity is not provided,
small-scale industries are dicult to set up. Even
the great uctuation in voltage and power breakdowns cause damage to the electric motors. The
commercial rates of electricity have also increased
signicantly which hinders the growth.
The craftsman and artisans learns their skills and
production methods from their elders. The provision of technical advice and further training is limited.
The government is fully aware of the potential of cottage and small-scale industries for industrial development. The following organizations have been established
to develop this sector of economy.
Pakistan Small Industries Corporation (PSIC)
Punjab Small Industries Corporation (PSIC)
Sindh Small Industries Corporation (SSIC)
The Small Industries Development Board NWFP
(SIDB)
The Directorate of Small Industries Baluchistan
(DSIB)
The above organizations are taking the following measures:
Establishment of industrial estates.
Providing marketing facilities.
Setting up of technical service centers.
Establishing handicraft development centers and
carpet centers.
Providing per-investment counseling and guidance
to newcomers.
Providing local and foreign loans to small industry
owners on easy installments.
References
REFERENCES
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