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- Scott Parsons, 2003
3. A beam of a certain type of elementary particle travels at a speed of 2.70 x 10^8
m/s. At this speed, the average lifetime is measured to be 4.76 x 10^-6 s. What is the
particles lifetime at rest?
Use the following equation:
t = t0
Where
= 1/1 - (v2/c2)
Put these together and you have
t = t0 /1 - (v2/c2)
Now replace the variables in the equation and solve for t
V = 2.70 x 10^8 m/s
t0 = 4.76 x 10^6 s
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
t = (4.76 x 10^6 s) /1 ((2.70 x 10^8 m/s)^2/(c2)) = 2.07 x 10^-6 s
(Table of Contents)
6. What is the speed of a beam of pions if their average lifetime is measured to be 4.10
x 10^-8 s? At rest, their lifetime is 2.60 x 10^-8 s.
Use the following equation:
t = t0 /1 - (v2/c2)
And solve for v to get
V = c 1 - (t0 2/t 2)
Now replace the variables in the equation and find v
t = 4.10 x 10^-8 s
t0 = 2.60 x 10^-8 s
v = (3.00 x 10^8) 1 ((2.60 x 10^-8 s)^2/(4.10 x 10^-8 s)^2) = (2.13 x 10^8 m/s)
/ (3 x 10^8) = .773c
(Table of Contents)
8.
At what speed do the relativistic formulas for length and time intervals differ from
classical values by 1.00 percent?
Use the following equation:
t = t0 /1 - (v2/c2)
And solve for v to get
V = c 1 - (t0 2/t 2)
Now replace the variables in the equation and find v
Where t = 100 and t0 = 99
V = (3.00 x 10^8) 1 ((99)^2/(100)^2) = .196 m/s
(Table of Contents)
12. How fast must a pion be moving, on average, to travel 10.0 m before it decays? The
average lifetime, at rest, is 2.60 x 10^-8 s.
A spaceship passes you at a speed of .850c. You measure its length to be 48.2
m. How long would it be at rest?
Use the following equation:
L = L0/
Where
= 1/1 - (v2/c2)
Put these together and you have
L = L0 1 - (v2/c2)
Solve for L0 to get
L0 = L / 1 - (v2/c2)
Now replace the variables in the equation and solve for L0
L = 48.2 m
V = .850c = 2.55 x 10^8 m/s
L0 = L / 1 - (v2/c2)= 48.2 / 1 ((2.55 x 10^8 m/s)^2)/(c2)) = 91.5 m
(Table of Contents)
4. If you were to travel to a star 100 light-years from Earth at a speed of 2.60 x 10^8
m/s, what would you measure this distance to be?
Use the following equation from #2:
L = L0 1 - (v2/c2)
Now replace the variables in the equation and solve for L0
L = 100 ly
V = 2.60 x 10^8 m/s
L = L0 1 - (v2/c2)= 100 1 ((2.60 x 10^8 m/s)^2 /c^2)) = 49.9 ly
(Table of Contents)
11. A friend of yours travels by you in her fast sports vehicle at a speed of .580c. You
measure it to be 5.80 m long and 1.20 m high. (a) What will be its length and height
at rest? (b) How many seconds would you say elapsed on your friends watch when
20.0 s passed on yours? (c) How fast did you appear to be traveling to your
friend? (d) How many seconds would she say elapsed on your watch when she saw
20.0 s pass on hers?
23. The total annual energy consumption in the United States is about 8 x 10^19 J. How
much mass would have to be converted to energy to fuel this need?
Use the following equation:
E = mc2
And solve for m to get
M = E / c2
Now replace the variables in the equation and solve for m
E = 8E19
C = 3.00E8
M = E / c2 = (8E19)/(3E8) 2 = 9 x 102 kg
(Table of Contents)
26. (a) How much work is required to accelerate a proton from rest up to a speed of
0.998c? (b) What would be the momentum of this proton?
(a) Use the following equation:
m = m0 / 1 - (v2/c2)
And replace the variables in the equation and solve for m
m0 = 1.6726E-27 (the rest mass of a proton from data packet)
v = .998c
m = m0 / 1 - (v2/c2)= 1.6726E-27 / 1 - (.9982)= 2.6459E-26
Now use the following equation
KE =(m - m0)c2
And replace the variables in the equation and solve for m
M = 2.6459E-26
m0 = 1.6726E-27
KE =(m - m0)c2 = (2.6459E-26 - 1.6726E-27)c2 = 2.23E-9 J
(b) Use the following equation:
p = mv
And replace the variables in the equation and solve for p
M = 2.6459E-26 (from (a) above)
V = 0.998c = 2.994 x 10^8 m/s
p = mv = (2.6459E-26)( 2.994 x 10^8) = 7.91 x 10^-18 kgm/s
(Table of Contents)
28. Calculate the kinetic energy and momentum of proton traveling 2.50 x 10^8 m/s.
Use the following equation:
m = m0 / 1 - (v2/c2)
And replace the variables in the equation and solve for m
m0 = 1.6726E-27 (the rest mass of a proton from data packet)
v = 2.5 x 10^8 m/s
m = m0 / 1 - (v2/c2)= 1.6726E-27 / 1 - (2.5 x 10^8 m/s 2/3E82)=
3.0258E-27 kg
Now use the equation
KE =(m - m0)c2
And replace the variables in the equation and solve for KE