Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Candidate
Number
Candidate Name
CHEMISTRY
0620/3
PAPER 3
MAY/JUNE SESSION 2000
1 hour 15 minutes
TIME
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Mathematical tables are available.
You may use a calculator.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
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2
1
Germanium is an element in Group IV. It was first isolated in Germany by C Winkler in 1886.
(a) It has a similar macromolecular structure to diamond. Predict two physical properties of
germanium.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Explain why graphite, which is also a macromolecular form of carbon, has different
physical properties to diamond and germanium.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The electron distribution of a germanium atom is 2.8.18.4.
Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the valency electrons in the covalent
compound germanium tetrachloride.
[3]
(d) Germanium forms a series of saturated compounds with hydrogen which resemble the
alkanes.
(i)
(ii)
Draw the structural formula for one of the above compounds that contains four
germanium atoms per molecule.
[1]
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For
Examiners
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3
(e) When aqueous solutions of germanium(II) chloride and of iron(III) chloride are mixed,
the following reaction occurs.
For
Examiners
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(i)
(ii)
Describe a test to show that an iron(III) salt had been changed into an iron(II) salt.
test ............................................................................................................................
result for iron(III)salt .................................................................................................
result for iron(II) salt .................................................................................................
[3]
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4
2
2NH3
%
NH3
%
NH3
pressure
temperature
(ii)
What is the effect of increasing the pressure upon the position of equilibrium. Does
it move to the the left, stay the same or move to the right?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
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5
(iv)
For
Examiners
Use
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Large amounts of ammonia are used in the manufacture of ammonium sulphate.
(i)
(ii)
Describe how crystals of ammonium sulphate can be made in the laboratory from
aqueous ammonia.
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...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
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(e) Car engines and flue gases from power stations both release oxides of nitrogen into the
air. These oxides are a cause of acid rain.
flue gases are acidic due to NO2
chimney
furnace
oxides of nitrogen form
Fig. 2.2
(i)
(ii)
The emission of the oxides is decreased by mixing the flue gases with ammonia
and passing over a catalyst. Complete the balancing of the equation.
6NO2 + ...........NH3 7N2 + .........H2O
(iii)
[1]
Suggest how the pH of the flue gases can show that just the right amount of
ammonia is being used.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
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7
3
Nantucket is an island twenty five miles off the coast of the USA. Some of the different fuels
and sources of energy that have been used on the island over the years are listed below.
wood
whale oil
coal and coal gas
petroleum products
electricity by cable from mainland
For
Examiners
Use
earliest
at present
future
(a) Wood was the first carbon-based fuel used. Explain why the cycle of cutting down trees,
burning the wood and the regrowth of the forest does not cause any long term changes
in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Whale oil contains unsaturated esters. As well as being used as a fuel, a number of
valuable products can be made from this oil.
(i)
Describe how you could show that whale oil contains compounds that have
carbon-carbon double bonds.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)
(iii)
Margarine used to be made from the oil by changing the unsaturated hydrocarbon
chains into saturated hydrocarbon chains. Complete the word equation for this
reaction.
unsaturated + ................................. saturated
hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon
[1]
(c) Coal gas was made on the island by heating coal. It is a mixture of hydrogen, methane,
carbon monoxide, nitrogen etc. Explain how the percentage of hydrogen in the mixture
is increased by diffusion through a porous barrier.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
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(d) A typical electricity cable would have a copper core surrounded by a polymer as an
outer casing.
cross-section of an
electricity cable
outer case
of a polymer
central core
of copper
Fig. 3.1
(i)
(ii)
Give two reasons why a polymer might be a suitable material for the outer casing.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
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9
4
For
Examiners
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cathode
electrolyte
aqueous copper(II) sulphate
remains unchanged
copper electrodes
mass changes
Fig. 4.1
Explain with equations why the electrodes change in mass and why the concentration of
aqueous copper(II) sulphate remains unchanged.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) An alloy contains contains zinc and copper. A small sample of this alloy was dissolved in
acid to give a solution containing zinc and copper ions. Explain what would happen
when an excess of each of the following reagents is separately added to this solution.
(i)
iron filings
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
sodium hydroxide
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
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For
Examiners
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magnesium
electrode
iron
electrode
electrolyte
dilute sulphuric
acid
Fig. 4.2
(i)
What is a cell?
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
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11
(d) A sample of impure copper was dissolved in nitric acid. The solution of copper(II) nitrate
was filtered to remove solid impurities and evaporated to dryness. The solid nitrate was
heated to constant mass to leave only copper(II) oxide.
Results
Mass of impure copper
Mass of copper oxide
For
Examiners
Use
= 4.21 g
= 4.80 g
Complete the following to determine the percentage purity of the sample of copper.
The mass of one mole of CuO = 80 g
number of moles of CuO formed
= ......................
[1]
[1]
percentage of copper
[1]
= ......................
[2]
[1]
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5
For
Examiners
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Fig. 5.1
(i)
(ii)
[3]
(c) Complex carbohydrates such as starch are natural polymers.
(i)
(ii)
[2]
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13
(d) Chromatography is used to identify simple carbohydrates, such as sugars, in plant
material.
solvent front
chromatography
paper
fructose
sucrose
glucose
datum line
level of solvent
original positions
of samples of sugar
Fig. 5.2
A leaf is ground with 50% aqueous alcohol to give a colourless solution of the sugars.
This solution is concentrated and a chromatogram is obtained. The paper is sprayed
with resorcinol solution.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Describe how chromatography could be used to show that the hydrolysis of starch
produces only one sugar, glucose.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
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14
BLANK PAGE
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15
BLANK PAGE
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Magnesium
Sodium
Calcium
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Strontium
89
Key
72
X = atomic symbol
88
Ac
Actinium
Ra
Radium
Fr
Francium
87
Hafnium
Lanthanum
57
178
Hf
40
Zirconium
Zr
91
Titanium
139
Yttrium
22
48
Ti
La
39
89
Scandium
21
227
56
Barium
Caesium
45
Sc
226
55
137
Ba
133
Cs
38
Rubidium
37
88
Sr
85
Rb
20
Potassium
19
40
Ca
39
12
24
Mg
23
Na
Beryllium
Lithium
11
Be
II
Li
93
Ta
181
Niobium
Nb
90
58
73
52
96
Mo
184
Protactinium
Thorium
55
Tc
186
Re
144
Nd
92
60
Uranium
238
Neodymium
75
Rhenium
43
Technetium
25
Manganese
Mn
27
59
28
59
29
64
30
65
Ru
101
Iron
190
Pm
Osmium
Os
Np
93
Neptunium
61
Promethium
76
44
Ruthenium
26
56
Fe
Sm
150
Iridium
Pu
94
Plutonium
62
152
Eu
Am
95
Americium
63
Europium
78
Platinum
195
Pt
Ir
46
Palladium
Pd
106
Nickel
Ni
192
Samarium
77
45
Rhodium
Rh
103
Cobalt
Co
Gd
157
Gold
Au
197
Silver
96
64
Curium
Cm
Gadolinium
79
47
Ag
108
Copper
Cu
201
Bk
Terbium
Tb
159
Mercury
Hg
97
Berkelium
65
80
48
Cadmium
Cd
112
Zinc
Zn
11
Dy
162
Thallium
Tl
204
Indium
Cf
98
Californium
66
Es
Holmium
Ho
165
Lead
Pb
207
Tin
99
Einsteinium
67
82
50
119
Sn
115
32
Germanium
Ge
73
Silicon
In
Gallium
Dysprosium
81
49
31
70
Ga
14
28
Si
Carbon
27
Aluminium
13
12
Al
Boron
B
7
14
75
Sb
122
Arsenic
As
Bi
209
Fermium
Fm
Erbium
Er
167
Bismuth
100
68
83
51
Antimony
33
15
Phosphorus
31
Nitrogen
N
8
Se
79
Sulphur
32
Oxygen
Po
169
Md
Thulium
Tm
101
Mendelevium
69
84
Polonium
52
Tellurium
Te
128
Selenium
34
16
16
O
9
Yb
173
Astatine
At
Iodine
127
Bromine
Br
80
Chlorine
No
102
Nobelium
70
Ytterbium
85
53
35
17
Cl
35.5
Fluorine
19
Lr
Lutetium
Lu
175
Radon
Rn
Xenon
Xe
131
Krypton
Kr
84
Argon
Ar
40
Neon
103
Lawrencium
71
86
54
36
18
10
Ne
20
Helium
Hydrogen
VII
VI
He
IV
III
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
91
Pa
Th
232
Praseodymium
Cerium
59
141
Pr
140
74
Tungsten
42
Molybdenum
24
Chromium
Cr
Ce
Tantalum
41
23
Vanadium
51
Group
DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
16