Queen Elizabeth I

Europe in Crisis

Elizabeth Tudor = Queen Elizabeth I

Ch. 7 Section 1-2

A protestant, daughter of King Henry VIII and

Anne Boleyn
Became queen in 1558
Intelligent, careful, and confident
Moved to solve religious problems she inherited

She b/c queen when her Catholic half-sister

Queen Mary Tudor died

Europes Wars of Religion

France

Time of Crisis

Spain

30 years of war between Catholics & Huguenots

(French Calvinists)
King Philip II (a Catholic) broke the country
fighting Calvinists in the Netherlands

England

Protestant Queen Elizabeth I tried to keep

peace by treating Catholics and Protestants
equal.

Types of Monarchies

MONARCHY

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

LIMITED MONARCHY

Divine Right

rule by a king or queen.

rule only by a king or queen, with unlimited power.

ruler shares some power with Parliament.

belief that a kings authority to rule was given to them by

God and that they are only responsible to God

1560-1650 Europe had major economic

and social crises

Economic problem inflation

Social Crisis massive population growth

Inflation - rising prices

Increased demand in land and food

Prices driven up on both land and food

Thirty Years War

War b/g 1618 in the Holy Roman Empire

At first it was b/w Catholic forces and
Protestant nobles (mostly Calvinists)

Soon the conflict went from religious reasons to

political reasons

Most of the war fought in present day

Germany

All major European powers b/c involved except

England

Peace Finally

Peace of Westphalia officially ended the Thirty

Years War in 1648

Brings an end to the Holy Roman Empire as a political

entity

All German states could determine their own religion

The more than 300 states that made up the Holy
Roman Empire were recognized as independent

Queen Elizabeth dies in 1603

Tudor dynasty comes to an end

Elizabeths cousin, king of Scotland, replaces her

and b/c James I of England
James I b/l in divine right

They had the power to conduct its own foreign policy

Elizabeth I Dies

Cromwell got rid of anyone in Parliament

who had supported the king

Peace of Westphalia stated

Cromwell Takes Control

Cromwell then destroyed Parliament and set

up a military dictatorship

He ruled until his death in 1658

Restoration

By 1660 Parliament restored the monarchy w/

Charles II (son of Charles I)
New Problems

Parliament does not agree w/ divine right

Charles I will inherit the throne and chaos will

erupt in England

They then had Charles I executed in 1649

Next they abolished the monarchy and declared
England a republic (commonwealth)

Charles II was sympathetic to Catholics

James (Charles brother and heir to the throne) was a
Catholic
Parliament passes the Exclusion Bill

Problems purify the church, divine right, king and

parliament

The bill barred James from the throne b/c he was Catholic
1681 - Charles II dismissed Parliament to stop the Exclusion
Bill

A Revolution

Tensions Rise Again

1642 England gets into a civil war

Sides of the civil war

Cavaliers (Royalists) supporters of the king

Roundheads parliamentary forces

The Roundheads won due to the New

Model Army of Oliver Cromwell

Made up of extreme Puritans who b/l they were

battling for God

1685 Charles II died and James II b/c

king

James II devout Catholic once again made

religion a source of conflict b/w the king and
Parliament
James II named Catholics to high positions in
govt.

Parliament and English noblemen wanted

James II removed as king

A Glorious Revolution

1688 James II daughter Mary and her

husband William (Dutch leader) raised an
army and invaded England

James II, his 2nd wife, and son fled to France

Then English Bill of Rights was put into place

1689 William and Mary b/c the monarchs of

England

Affirms Parliaments role in the govt.

Limits the govt. power of its citizens