HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

TENTH OF RAMADAN CITY

MECHNECAIL AND MECHATRONICS DEPARTMENT

Fluid LAB

Prepared by
Hisham Ahmed Melegy Mohammed
ID: 20130766
Group: 6

Supervised by:
ENG: Moataz

26-4-2016

BERNOULL'S THEOREM DEMONSTRATION

1) Venturi Tube:
A device for measuring the flow of a fluid, consisting of a t
ube with ashort, narrow center section and widened, taper
ed ends, so that a fluidflowing through the center section
at a higher velocity than through anend section creates a
pressure differential that is a measure of the flowof the flu
id.

2) Manometer:
A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to
measure pressure.

3) Pitot Tube:
A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid flow velocity by
converting the kinetic energy in a fluid flow to potential energy.

Orifice and free jet flow

Orifice plate:
An orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow rate,
for reducing pressure or for restricting flow( It is often
called a restriction plate ). Either a volumetric or mass
flow rate may be determined.

Pressure measurement and calibration

Bourdon pressure gauge:
Bourdon tubes measures gauge pressure, relative to ambient
atmospheric pressure, and vacuum is sensed as reverse motion. It
consists of a curved flattened thin-wall, closed-end tube of oval
cross-section that tends to straighten or regain its circular form in
cross-section when pressurized.

Piezoelectric sensor:
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric
effect, to measure changes in pressure by converting them to
an electrical charge.

Strain Gauge:
Strain gauge measures the external force (pressure) and consists
of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil
pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable
adhesive, as the object is deformed, the foil is deformed, causing
its electrical resistance to change. This resistance change, usually
measured using a Wheatstone bridge.

SAT PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SATURATED

WATER VAPOUR

Barometer:
A barometer is a scientific instrument used to
measure atmospheric pressure

Gauge pressure sensor:

A pressure sensor is a device used to measure pressure relative
to atmospheric pressure.

PT 100 temperature sensor:

Is a sensor used to measure temperature by correlating the
resistance of the RTD element with temperature.

Pressure Gauge:
It is a device that measures the gauge pressure.

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND

CALIBRATION
Thermistor:
Thermistors are constructed of semiconductor material with
a resistivity that is especially sensitive to
temperature. However, unlike most other resistive devices, the
resistance of a thermistor decreases with increasing
temperature. That's due to the properties of the
semiconductor material that the thermistor is made from.

Thermocouple:
A Thermocouple is a sensor used to measure temperature.
Thermocouples consist of two wire legs made from different
metals. The wires legs are welded together at one end, creating a
junction. This junction is where the temperature is measured.
When the junction experiences a change in temperature, a voltage
is created. The voltage can then be interpreted using
thermocouple reference tables to calculate the temperature.

Resistance thermometers:
They are sensors that used to measure temperature by correlating
the resistance of the RTD element with temperature. The RTD
element is made from a pure material, typically platinum, nickel or
copper. The material has a predictable change in resistance as the
temperature changes and it is this predictable change that is used
to determine temperature.

Thermometer:
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or
a temperature gradient. A thermometer has two important
elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-inglass thermometer) in which some physical change occurs with
temperature, and (2) some means of converting this physical
change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked
on a mercury-in-glass thermometer).