Professional Documents
Culture Documents
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
States with high Ep and low number of config will be least favored under
most normal condition
Different substances have different interaction forces btw particles that vary
in type and strength
Atoms are held together by chemical bonds
Molecules: two or more atoms of the same or different types are bonded
together (eg O2)
Elementary substances: cant split into two or more different stable
substances (eg: O2, N2, and Ar)
Chemical compounds: substances that e can split into two or more simpler
stable substances by inducing a chemical reaction (H2O and CO2)
o H2O can be separated into elementary substances: H2 and O,
o CO2 decomposed into C and O2
Chemical compound decomposing gives the same proportion of elementary
substances (eg twice the volume of H than O
Chemical element: species of atoms
Chemical Formula: symbol that conveys information about the atomic
composition of given substance.
Chromotography, as you will see in lab and in Saplin questions, can be explained using the
particulate model of matter. For example, if you have TLC (thin layer chromotography) you take a
sample of a mixture and allow capillary action in a mobile phase for the components of the mixture
to separate on a stationary phase. So, the more attracted components of the mixture are to the
mobile phase, the farther they will move up the column or plate. The more they have attractive
forces for the stationary phase, the more they drag and do not travel far up the column or plate. I
hope this helps when you encounter Sapling questions on this topic.