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Chapter 5
Classification of Aeroplanes
Aeroplane Category
Vat (kt)
Less than 91 kt
91 - 120
121 - 140
141 - 165
166 - 210
Take Of
A Low Visibility Take-of (LVTO) is a take-of where the RVR is less than 400m.
An operator shall not conduct low visibility take-ofs in less than 150m RVR (Category A, B & C
aeroplanes) or 200m (Category D) unless approved by the Authority.
Take off RVR / Visibility
Facilities
Nil (day only)
RVR/Visibility
500m
Runway edge lighting and/or centre line marking 250m (300m for Category D aeroplanes)
Runway edge and centre line lighting
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Chapter 5
Non-precision Approach
Instrument approach with only lateral guidance.
Lowest MDH for each System
Facility
Lowest MDH
250 ft
250 ft
250 ft
300 ft
VOR
300 ft
NDB/DME
300 ft
RNAV/LNAV
300 ft
350 ft
350 ft
NDB
350 ft
SRA
Localiser
VOR
Chapter 5
The threshold identification lights
The visual glide slope indicator
The touchdown zone of touchdown zone markings (piano keys)
The touchdown zone lights
Runway edge lights
Or visual references as accepted by the authority.
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Chapter 5
Precision Approaches
Broken down into Category I, Category II and Category III precision approaches, with Category III
being the most accurate, automated and advanced.
Decision height below 200ft but not lower than 100ft, and
RVR of not less than 300m.
Operator must ensure that DH for Cat II approach is not lower than:
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Chapter 5
Pilot cannot continue past decision height unless he can see a segment of at least 3 consecutive
lights; centre line of approach lights, or touchdown lights, or runway centre line lights, or runway
edge lights.
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Chapter 5
A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with decision
height lower than 100ft and RVR not less than 200m.
Category III B
A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with decision
height not lower than 50ft, or no decision height, and RVR lower than
200m but not lower than 75m.
Category III C
Note: If DH and RVR do not fall within the same category, the RVR determines category.
If decision height is being used (ie. Cat III A and Cat III B) operator must ensure decision height is
not lower than:
or, the decision height to which the flight crew are authorised to operate.
For Cat IIIA and Cat IIIB ops conducted with either fail passive flight control systems, or with use of
approved HUDLS, a pilot may not continue an approach below decision height unless he can see a
segment of at least 3 consecutive lights; centre line of approach lights, or touchdown lights, or
runway centre line lights, or runway edge lights.
For Cat IIIB ops with fail-operational flight control systems a pilot cannot continue past decision
height unless he can see at least 1 centre light.
For Cat IIIC ops with no decision height there is no requirement for visual contact.
Circling
An option will always be available to make an instrument approach to one runway and then carry
out a circling manoeuvre to land onto another runway more suitably into the wind or to meet ATC
requirements. This is called Visual Manoeuvring Circling (VM(C)).
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Chapter 5
Aeroplane Category
MDH
400 ft
500 ft
600 ft
700 ft
Minimum Met
Visibility
1500 m
1600 m
2400 m
3600 m
Visual Approach
IFR approach completed with visual reference to terrain. Operator should not
conduct visual approaches when the RVR is less than 800m.
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